地球脉动（2006）

A turtle, after all, makes an excellent home.
作为回报 哥伦布蟹会提供甲板清洁服务
In return, the crabs provide an onboard grooming service.
在广袤的海洋中寻找伴侣并不容易
Finding a partner in the vast ocean is not easy.
科提兹海 黎明之际
Dawn in the Sea of Cortez...
蝠鲼
..Mobula rays.
它们聚集于此 很可能是为了进行繁育
They're gathering here, most likely to breed.
蝠鲼跃出海面的原因尚不清楚
No-one is sure why they leap,
但水花飞溅的声音显然吸引来了更多的同胞
but the loud splashes certainly seem to attract more rays.
然而 听到声音的还有其他生物
Other creatures, however, are also listening.
虎鲸循声而来
Orca have heard the splashes.
这头雌性♥虎♥鲸精通蝠鲼狩猎
This female specialises in hunting rays.
但今天 它正在传授两头年轻虎鲸
But today, she is teaching two youngsters
狩猎蝠鲼的细节诀窍
the finer points of Mobula ray hunting.
蝠鲼的速度很快 甚至快于虎鲸
The rays are fast and can outmanoeuvre an orca.
雌虎鲸明白它需要将猎物驱赶到一起
She knows she needs to herd the prey into a tight group...
但这项工作无法独自完成
..but she can't do that on her own.
而是需要团队合作
It will take teamwork,
而这正是这节课的主题
and that is today's lesson.
年轻的虎鲸理解的很快
The young orca are quick to catch on.
蝠鲼群被包围了
The rays are surrounded.
它们迅速下潜
They dive...
却被经验丰富的雌虎鲸逼回海面
..only to be forced back up again by the experienced female.
精疲力竭的蝠鲼无路可逃
And now, with the exhausted rays trapped against the surface,
雌虎鲸发动进攻
she attacks...
年轻虎鲸则紧跟它的脚步
..and the young ones follow her lead.
这一家子是已知的虎鲸群中 唯一用这种方式捕猎蝠鲼的
This family are the only orca known to hunt rays like this...
而且效率十分之高
..and they are lethally efficient.
但似乎今天的课程到此为止了
But it appears that school is over for today.
这些幸存下来的伤痕累累的蝠鲼
For a few battle-scarred survivors,
可以暂时喘一口气了
it's a lucky reprieve.
虎鲸离开后 蝠鲼群得以继续它们的求偶行为
With the orca gone, the rays can resume their courtship...
而且规模惊人
..and they do so in astounding numbers.
数以万计的蝠鲼聚集在一起
Tens of thousands of rays in a single shoal.
海洋中还有广阔的区域尚未探索
Vast areas of our ocean are yet to be explored.
这之中最不为人知的区域是海洋深处
The least known parts of it are its great depths.
只有高度专业化的潜艇才能抵达
Only highly-specialised vessels can take you there.
随着越潜越深 阳光会迅速减弱
As you descend, the sunlight rapidly fades.
200米深处 是一片黄昏世界
200m down, you enter the twilight zone...
仿佛置身外星 超乎想象的生物生存于此
..an alien world, inhabited by creatures beyond imagination.
管水母 身披一层致命的刺触须
A siphonophore – with a cloak of lethal stinging tentacles.
管水母反复地自我复♥制♥
Siphonophores repeatedly clone themselves
不断生长 体长极长
and so grow to immense lengths.
这一只达到了45米 是有记录以来所有动物中最长的
This one measures 45m and is the longest animal ever recorded.
附近存在着如此致命的捕食者
With such deadly predators around,
这里的生物因此不遗余力地隐藏自己
creatures here go to great lengths to hide.
玻璃鱿鱼
A glass squid...
身体完全透明
..completely transparent,
除了眼睛
except for its eyes...
以及胃部
..and stomach,
因此它很难在黑暗中被发现
so it is extremely difficult to find in the gloom.
1000米深处以下
Below 1,000m,
一缕阳光也无法照射进来
all traces of sunlight have disappeared.
一片午夜世界
This is the midnight zone.
在永恒的黑暗中捕捉食物十分困难
Catching food in the perpetual darkness is not easy.
吞鳗
A gulper eel.
它巨大且可伸展的嘴部
Its giant, extendable mouth
可以吞下比自身还大的猎物
can engulf prey larger than its own body.
再往下三公里 终于抵达了洋底
Two miles down, you finally reach the ocean floor.
相比于此 我们对火星表面的了解还更多一些
We know more about the surface of Mars.
这里的水压是海面处的300倍
The pressure of the water is 300 times greater than at the surface...
而且十分寒冷
..and it's freezing cold.
然而令人惊奇的是 依然有动物生活于此
Yet, amazingly, there are animals living here.
Muusoctopus robustus
Muusoctopus robustus,
绰号♥珍珠章鱼
nicknamed the pearl octopus.
在这样的极端条件下繁殖
Breeding, in these extreme conditions poses
给这种动物带来了一个特殊的问题
a particular problem for these animals.
在如此低温下
At these low temperatures,
雌性珍珠章鱼卵发育时间长达十数年之久
this female's eggs could take over ten years to develop.
因此它会前往一个特别的地方
So she travels to a very special place.
这是世上已知的最大规模的章鱼聚集群
This is the largest known gathering of octopus in the world.
它与其他两万只雌性珍珠章鱼一起
She joins 20,000 other females...
来到这里产卵
..all here to lay their eggs.
在地壳深处被加热的水
Water, heated deep in the Earth's crust,
从海底的板块裂缝中涌出
rises through cracks in the seabed...
将温度升高至10摄氏度
..raising the temperature to as much as 10 degrees Celsius.
形成一片深海温泉
A deep-sea thermal spa!
温暖的水显著加速了珍珠章鱼卵的发育
This warmth significantly speeds up the development of their eggs.
但尽管如此 小章鱼也需要近两年时间才能孵化出来
Even so, they will still take nearly two years to hatch.
一旦雌性珍珠章鱼安顿下来
Once a female is settled,
它便再也不会移♥动♥
she won't move from her spot...
甚至不会进食
..not even to feed.
它会一直照顾自己的孩子
She will constantly tend to her brood –
保持孩子们的清洁
keeping them clean,
以及使用水流为孩子供氧
and oxygenating them with jets of water.
珍珠章鱼母亲是世上最无私奉献的母亲之一
Pearl octopus mothers must surely be amongst the most devoted.
两年间 这份艰苦的工作对珍珠章鱼母亲的身体造成了严重的损伤
After almost two years, the ordeal take its toll.
但漫长的坚守也终于进入了尾声
But the vigil is almost over.
珍珠章鱼母亲温和地鼓励最后一窝孩子走出家门
The last of the brood are gently encouraged to leave.
这也用尽了它的最后一丝力量
But this will be a final act.
像每一只珍珠章鱼母亲一样 它已经饥寒交迫 精疲力竭
Like all the mothers here, this octopus is starved and exhausted.
它的生命也走到了终点
Her life will soon be over.
但这样的无私奉献意味着它的后代
But this devotion means that her offspring are among
将是所有章鱼中个头最大 发育最完善的
the largest and most developed of any octopus
将在严酷的深海世界中
and have the best chance of survival
拥有最佳的生存机会
in the demanding world of the deep.
每年我们都会发现更多这种奇异的热泉
We're finding more of these strange hot springs every year.
在某些地方 热泉的剧烈程度相当惊人
In some places, they can be astonishingly violent.
足以融化铅的过热水
Super-heated water – hot enough to melt lead -
从海底喷涌而出
spouts from the seafloor.
溶解的矿物质在热泉周围凝结
Dissolved minerals condense around them
形成高耸的烟囱状 被称为深海热液喷口
to form towering chimneys, known as hydrothermal vents.
深海热液喷口是独特动物群落的家园
They are home to unique communities of animals
这些动物依靠滚烫的水中的营养物质生存
that all rely on the nutrients in the scalding water.
有观点认为四十亿年前
Some suggest that vents like these could be the places
生命正是起源于类似这样的喷口
where life on Earth first began four billion years ago.
如今有证据表明 木星和土星的卫星上
And there is now evidence of hydrothermal vents
同样存在热液喷口
on the moons of Jupiter and Saturn.
它们也能孕育生命吗
Could they too be supporting life?
在地球上 这些喷口的影响范围
Here on Earth, the influence of these vents
远远不止于烟囱周围
extends far beyond their chimneys.
烟雾中携带的基本营养物质
The essential nutrients carried in these plumes
可以一直上升至三公里之上的海平面
can rise all the way to the surface two miles above.
在这里 它们能极大的促进微小海洋植物的生长
Here, they stimulate the rapid growth of tiny marine plants on an astronomic scale.
大量的浮游植物产生了地球上一半的氧气
This phytoplankton is so abundant that it produces half of all the oxygen on Earth.
浮游植物同时也是许多微小动物的食物
It's also food for a host of minute animals -
也就是浮游动物
zooplankton.
它们共同构成了海洋中
Together, they are the basis of the food chains
几乎所有生命的食物链基础
that sustain nearly all life in the ocean.
在南美洲附近的太平洋海域
In the Pacific waters off South America,
它们是聚集在这里的数十亿条凤尾鱼的食物来源
they feed anchovy that gather here in billions.
这是世界上生产力最高的生态系统之一
This is one of the world's most productive ecosystems.
这些南美海狮正在捕猎
These South American sea lions are on the hunt.
但这里的凤尾鱼群已经被发现了
But the anchovy shoal has already been located...
被地球上最高效的捕猎者捷足先登
..by the planet's most efficient hunters.
一张近1公里长的渔网
A net, over half a mile long,
将鱼群包围
encircles the shoal.
它能捕获超过一百万条鱼
It can trap over a million fish.
但这些海狮是不会空着肚子的
But the sea lions aren't about to go hungry.
它们学会了寻找渔网上的破洞
They have learnt to look for holes in the net.
这么容易就能填饱肚子 何必还费劲捕猎呢
Why waste energy when food comes to you as easily as this?!
随着越来越多海狮的到来