地球脉动（2006）

帮助确定猎物方位
and helps to reveal its position.
但到了近距离
But up close...
眼镜蛇依靠视觉
...the snake relies on movement
来精确定位猎物
to precisely locate its prey.
蟾蜍必须把握好逃跑的时机
The toad must pick its moment to escape.
蟾蜍每次跳跃
Every time it touches the ground...
都会在地上留下气味
...the toad leaves behind a scent.
蟾蜍藏了起来
It can hide...
但眼镜蛇能循着气味痕迹找到它
...but the trail will lead the snake to it.
这些眼镜蛇不仅只在这里捕猎
These cobras don't just hunt here.
还在这里生活
They live here.
此处的的印度教村民尊敬它们
They have found a home where the Hindu villagers revere them
认为眼镜蛇是神灵的化身
and consider them to be demigods.
令人惊讶的是 科学家认为 人类对眼镜蛇的容让
Remarkably, scientists believe that this tolerance
导致了眼镜蛇习性的转变
has led to a change in the snakes' behaviour.
它们移♥动♥得更慢
They move more slowly
并且应激下的攻击行为也有所减少
and are less likely to strike if disturbed.
作为地球上最令人恐惧的动物之一
One of the most feared animals on the planet
却找到了一处得到人类接纳
has found a place where they are accepted
能与人类和平共处的家园
and can coexist with human beings.
然而 对于许多生活在人类世界的动物来说
But for many animals living in the human world,
保持低调更为明智
it pays to keep a low profile.
在澳大利亚墨尔本
Here in Melbourne, Australia,
一种动物完美掌握了伪装的艺术
one creature has perfected the art of camouflage.
一只蛙嘴夜鹰雏鹰
A frogmouth chick.
白天 雏鹰的父亲帮助它隐藏起来
Its father helps to hide it during the day.
蛙嘴夜鹰是夜行性鸟类
They are nocturnal birds,
夜晚降临时
and as day turns to night,
蛙嘴夜鹰父母飞出阴影
its parents come out of the shadows
享受城市生活的好处
to reap the rewards of urban living.
城市灯光营造了
The city lights create
绝佳的捕猎条件
excellent conditions for hunting.
都市的每个夜晚
Every night in the city
都仿佛圆月高挂般明亮
is as bright as when there is a full moon.
因此城里的蛙嘴夜鹰
So city frogmouths often...
往往能大饱口福
...have their mouths full.
这只雏鹰长得很快 它今天有些坐不住
He's growing fast, and today he just won't sit still.
现在它的行踪暴露了
And now he has revealed his presence.
蛙口夜鹰的第一要务
The first rule of frogmouth behaviour is
便是在白天不要动
don't move in the day.
但这是蛙口夜鹰一生中唯一一次
But this is the one time in a frogmouth's life
克制不住飞翔的冲动
when the urge to fly simply cannot be suppressed.
然而它还没有做好离家的准备
But he's not ready to leave home just yet.
夜幕降临
Come night-time...
雏鹰又饿了
...he's hungry again.
它精神抖擞
He is wide awake...
想要继续它的冒险
...and wants to take off where he left off.
但它引来了不必要的注意
But he's getting unwanted attention,
而这次父母无法在身边保护它
and this time his parent is not nearby to protect him.
人类宠物
Humans bring pets,
在澳大利亚 每天有一百万只鸟死于猫爪下
and cats in Australia kill a million birds a day.
雏鹰首次真正的飞行
His first proper flight.
但除非它能找到一个安全的落脚处
But unless he can find a safe place to roost,
否则它依然处于危险之中
he is still in peril.
成功了
Made it.
如果雏鹰想要在城市里生存
But if he is to survive in the city, like the adults,
它必须学会如何与环境融为一体
he'll have to learn how to blend in.
有些动物则非常胆大
Some animals are so bold
它们根本不怕被发现
that they don't even try to hide.
在人类世界中 大型捕食动物十分罕见
To see a large predator in the built-up world is a rare sight.
而在北美太浩湖
And here in Lake Tahoe, in North America,
这些体型庞大的黑熊
these black bears are particularly big...
正朝着城镇中心走去
...and they're heading right to the centre of town.
冬天即将来临
Winter is approaching,
这些黑熊需要赶在下雪前
and these bears need to put on as much weight as possible
尽可能增重
before the snow arrives.
而这是一个大快朵颐的好地方
This is a great place to gorge.
这里现在是黑熊的天下
It's now bear country.
既然过个马路
Why struggle for a meal...
就能吃到外卖♥♥
...when you can cross the street...
又何必费力捕猎呢
...for a takeaway?
这里的食物多到吃不完
There's so much food here
以至于有些黑熊
that some of the bears are 50% heavier
比野外的同胞重50%
than their country cousins.
但只是外卖♥♥还不够
But why stop here?
有些黑熊更愿意堂食
Some bears just want to dine in.
只有少数幸运的黑熊 能够从人类世界得到一顿简餐
A lucky few are able to get an easy meal from the human world.
然而 当人类进入自然界寻找食物时
But when WE venture to the natural world in search of food...
索取的规模之大 无可比拟
...the harvest is on a different scale.
短短40年里
In just four decades,
捕鱼活动使鱼类数量减半
fishing reduced fish populations by half...
并且给以此为食的海洋捕食者
...and created great problems for the ocean predators
带来了巨大的问题
that once had such food to themselves.
在温哥华岛海岸
Off the coast of Vancouver Island,
座头鲸生活在一片
humpback whales inhabit waters
鲱鱼被过度捕捞的海域
where herring have been overfished.
座头鲸有着丰富的创造力
Humpbacks, however, are renowned for their ingenuity.
12年前 一头名为康格的雄鲸
12 years ago, an adult male called Conger
发明了一种全新的捕食方式
adopted a totally new way of feeding.
当水中的鱼类丰度过低
When the density of fish in the water is low,
鸟类潜入水下捕鱼时
and birds are diving to catch them...
座头鲸大张嘴巴
...the humpback opens its mouth
使得鱼类误以为这里能够躲避捕食者
and creates a space that the fish mistake for shelter.
鱼类纷纷涌入
The fish swim in...
陷阱随之合上
...and the trap is closed.
康格是第一头被发现有如此行为的座头鲸
Conger was the first humpback whale to be seen doing this.
如今这片海域 有30头座头鲸使用这种捕食技巧
Now 30 whales in the area use this same technique.
此处的座头鲸数量正在增长
The population of humpbacks here is growing,
你可能会认为
and you might think that this would
这会使鱼类数量愈发减少
reduce fish stocks even more,
然而令人惊讶的事情正在发生
but something surprising is thought to be happening.
这些微小的浮游植物是食物链的基础
These tiny phytoplankton are the basis of the food chain
它们的生长依赖于一种重要的营养成分
and need a vital ingredient to grow.
铁
Iron.
鲸鱼的粪便富含铁
Whale faeces are rich in iron...
大型鲸鱼排出大量粪便
...and great whales produce it in enormous quantities...
浮游植物因此得以繁荣生长 为鲱鱼提供食物
...so the phytoplankton flourishes, and herring feed on it.
事实上 鲸鱼粪便
Whale faeces, in fact,
正在帮助整个生态系统复苏
are helping to restore the whole ecosystem.
鲱鱼吸引海鸟前来捕食
The herring attract seabirds,
潜入水下的海鸟从鱼群下方袭击
diving birds attack them from beneath,
海鸥和海雀则从上方俯冲
and gulls and shearwaters dive on them from above.
甚至白头海雕也能从盛宴中分一杯羹
Even bald eagles benefit from this rich feast.
令人惊讶的是 尽管康格等座头鲸
Astonishingly, even though Conger and all the other whales
对鱼类大快朵颐
are feasting on fish,
但它们作为多样性生态系统不可或缺的一环
their role in fertilising the ocean is so influential
实际上使得这片海域的鲱鱼数量不降反增
that herring numbers here are actually predicted to increase.
这在恢复环境方面所发挥的作用
And the role they play in rejuvenating the environment...
正对人类世界产生深远的影响
...is having an even greater impact on the human world.
繁荣生长的浮游植物如同树木一样
The flourishing plankton also collects carbon
吸收大量的二氧化碳
from the atmosphere, just as trees do...
每头大型鲸鱼对于碳循环的意义
...so much so that each great whale
相当于一片三万棵树的森林
has the same impact as a forest of 30,000 trees.
大型鲸鱼曾一度遭到捕杀
Our great whales were once hunted...
如果鲸鱼数量能恢复到此前的数量
...and if they return to their pre-whaling numbers,
将相当于种植
it's estimated that this would be equivalent to planting
超过三百亿颗树
over 30 billion trees.
如今 鲸鱼被认为有益于人类
Whales are now being recognised as benefiting humanity.
但对于大多数大型动物来说
But for most large animals,
与人类的竞争造成了冲突
competition with humans brings conflict.