地球脉动（2006）

行星地球
树木是众多生命中的伟大一员
Trees. Surely among the most magnificent of all living things.
有些树是地球上最大的物种, 其他生命在它面前显得相当渺小
Some are the largest organisms on Earth
这些是长得最高的一种树.
dwarfing all others, and these are the tallest of them all.
落叶林和针叶林都生长在 地球上有明显季节变化的地区
The deciduous and coniferous woodlands that grow in the seasonal parts of our planet
在地球上分布最为广泛
are the most extensive forests on Earth.
它们的分布之广,超出想象
Their sheer extent stuns the imagination.
季 节 森 林
英配解说：大卫·爱登堡
冰雪覆盖的北极地区
The barren snows of the Arctic.
这是距离北极点以南1000英里的地方
A thousand miles from the North Pole, and heading south.
这也是树木长到的最北处
This is the very first place that trees can grow.
一开始松树比较稀疏
To begin with the conifers are sparse
再往南它们便马上支配了大♥陆♥
but soon they dominate the land.
这就是泰加针叶林
This is the Taiga Forest.
它的面♥积♥,是所有热带雨林面♥积♥的总和
There are as many trees here, as in all the world's rainforests combined.
针叶林环球分布 占全球所有树木总量的三分之一
The Taiga circles the globe and contains a third of all the trees on Earth.
它制♥造♥了大量的氧气 是我们这个地球的空气清新剂
It produces so much oxygen, that it refreshes the atmosphere of the entire planet.
在针叶林的北部区域 树木的一年内的生长时节只有1个月
At the Taiga's northern extent the growing season can last for just one month a year.
一棵树从秧苗到成年需要50年的时间
It can take fifty years for a tree to get bigger than a seedling.
除了偶有动静,这里万籁俱寂
It's a silent world where little stirs
即使在满是冰雪的童话世界中
But there are occasional signs of life.
也有非常特别的生命
Stories written in the snow.
北极狐追捕野兔的脚印
The prints of an Arctic fox and the hare it might've been stalking.
这是雌性北极熊
A female polar bear
和她的2个孩子的脚印
and her two cubs.
有些动物如幽灵般
Some animals are so difficult to glimpse
难得一见
that they're like spirits.
你可能在森林里呆一辈子
One could live a lifetime in these woods
也不会见到一只猞猁
and never see a lynx.
这只猫(猞猁属于猫科的一种) 为寻找猎物跋涉了几百英里
The cat must roam hundreds of miles in search of prey
而且树林中同一地方它可能不会来第二次
and may never visit the same patch of forest twice.
这是在原始森林中生存的基本
It's the very essence of wilderness.
猎物是如此至少,捕猎对于它们来说是极端困难
With so few prey animals here, life for a hunter is particularly hard.
这里缺乏生物的原因是很少有生物以针叶为食
Creatures are scarce because few can eat conifer needles.
北美驼鹿是个例外
The moose is an exception.
因为生长困难 针叶树木用树脂来保护宝贵的叶子
Growth is so difficult that conifers protect their precious leaves by filling them with resin.
以减少水分流失.这样也让针叶变得难以食用
That reduces water loss, but it also makes them very distasteful.
至少松果是可以食用的
At least the conifer's seeds are edible
但松果被层层装甲包围着
but they're protected within armor plated cones
还是有破甲专家可以吃到
and it takes a specialist to reach them.
交喙鸟用非常特别的喙分开松果的鳞片
The crossbill's extraordinary beak can prise apart the scales,
然后用舌头来卷取种子
so that it's tongue can extract the seeds.
鸟类是幸福的.当收获季节结束时,它们可以向南方飞去
Birds are fortunate. When the seasonal crop is gathered, they can fly south
不过有一种动物是在这个冰雪森林中生存的专家
But one animal is so expert at survival in this frozen forest
所以它可以终生在这里活动
that it stays here and is active all year long.
当地传说狼獾 是人跟灵界的连系而且是狼跟熊的混血儿
In local folklore, the wolverine is a link to the spirit world and a cross between a bear and a wolf.
实际上,它不过是最大的鼬科动物罢了
In reality, it's a huge weasel.
它的体型有利于 帮助保持体内热量和扩充食物来源
It's bulk helps to conserve body heat and also broadens it's menu.
它大而强壮,甚至可以干掉一头成年北美驯鹿
It's so big and powerful, it can even bring down an adult caribou.
据说它每一餐的食量是同体型动物的一倍半
For it's size, it's said that the animal can eat more in one sitting than any other
可以被认为是暴食型动物
which is why it's also known as the glutton.
在这种环境下,暴食不失为一种有效策略
Being gluttonous here is a very effective strategy.
能吃多少就吃多少
It's wise to eat all you can, when you can
当吃不下的时候 就把食物储存起来,以应付酷寒的到来
and when even a glutton can't eat more it stores what's left for later, in the surrounding deep freeze.
冰雪森林的春天
Spring in the ice forest.
北欧雷鸟也吃针叶林的针叶
The capercaillie can also digest conifer needles
不过此时它还没有享用的优先权
but feeding is not it's priority at the moment.
如同角斗士,雄鸡们为战斗摆好了架势
Like gladiators, the males square up for a battle.
只有一个机会来取得雌鸟的芳心
Each may have just a single chance to impress a female.
必须全神贯注,不能失败
Neither can afford a lapse in concentration.
受伤的雷鸟不会活下来
The injured loser may not survive.
这片广阔森林的居民们
The inhabitants of this great wilderness
可以不受人类干扰,自♥由♥生存和死亡
may live and die without ever having contact with humanity.
希望永远如此
Long may it be that way.
地球北部的森林可能地球上最大的森林了
The northern forest may be the largest on Earth
不过想要一览针叶林的全貌, 你要还要再向南走1000英里
but to see coniferous trees that have reached their full potential you must travel a thousand miles south of here.
北美洲,太平洋沿岸
The Pacific Coast of North America.
铁杉,花旗松,巨杉
The land of hemlock, douglas fir and giant redwood.
这里,水再也不会冰封
Here, water is never locked up in ice
即使不下雨, 针叶也可以从海上蜂拥而来的水雾中汲取水分
and even if rains fail the needles can extract moisture from the fogs that roll in from the sea.
太阳给森林带来的生长能量
The Sun's energy powers these forests
不是北极的一个月,而是半年
not for one month as it does in the Taiga but for half the year.
这些树木的生长速度是北极圈附近树木的10倍
These conifers grow at ten times the rate of those near the Arctic
寿命更可达数千年
and they live for thousands of years.
加利福尼亚的这块红杉林
One grove of redwoods in California
世界树木高度排行前三名的树都在这里
contains three of the tallest trees on Earth.
这颗超过100米的树有30层楼房♥那么高
This one is over a hundred meters high, the size of a thirty story building.
这片森林远在人类直立行走之前就出现了
These forests were growing here long before humans walked the Earth.
2000万年前它们就已经在这里
They were in their prime twenty million years ago
甚至比阿尔卑斯山(欧洲) 和洛基山脉(美洲最长的山脉)隆起的时间还要早
and existed before the Swiss Alps or the Rocky Mountains were even raised.
比起热带雨林来
There is more living matter in a forest of giant conifers,
巨大针叶林里的有机物质要多的多 但是都在大树里
than in any tropical rainforest but it's all contained within the trees.
针叶依然如北极针叶林那样难吃 所以动物仍然稀少
These are as inedible as those in the Taiga so animals are still scarce,
还是有意外的惊喜
but they are present.
松貂
A pine marten.
春天,是松貂找食的最佳时节
It's spring, the best time of year for a marten to find food.
鸟卵是季节性的美餐 虽然数量众多,只是不能长时间享受
Bird's eggs are a seasonal snack and for a short time, there's plenty of them
有时候可能是…太多了
Sometimes perhaps, too many.
要在这里常住,松貂就需要稳定的食物来源
But to live here permanently, the marten needs a more reliable food source.
松鼠就是
Squirrels fit the bill.
松鼠以松果为食, 虽然松果是季节性生长的,但可以贮藏起来吃一整年
They thrive here on the pine cones and although these are also seasonal they can be stored and eaten throughout the year.
松鼠忙着交♥配♥
The squirrels are busy mating
这是猎人的好消息 心烦意乱的松鼠,就十分容易被抓住了
Good news for the hunter. A distracted squirrel, is a vulnerable squirrel.
不过,这对情意绵绵的情侣十分安全
But, this time, the amorous couple is safe.
有一只正在他的储藏室里美餐的松鼠 是更容易捕捉的目标
There is a loner stocking his larder, who will be the easier target.
早夏,乌林鸮的孩子刚刚长大
Early summer, and great grey owl chicks are fledging.
成鸟能在这里养育小宝宝 表示今年的田鼠够多可以养活它们
Adults can only raise young here in years when the seasonal vole crop is big enough to support them.
小乌林鸮的第一次飞行时间到了
The moment has arrived for their first flight.
要从世界上最高的树木上跳下,可不能恐高
Leaping from the world's tallest trees is not for the faint hearted.
想要从这里落下,分阶段进行不失为一种好方法
If you're going to fall here it's quite a good idea to do it in stages.
地面对乌林鸮来说只是个落脚点
The ground is no place for an owl.
想要在班上名列前矛,必须有毅力
If he's to climb to the top of his class he'll need to persevere
现在,可以再来一次了
So now, let's have another go.
美洲的针叶林
The American conifer forests
可能不是动物的乐园
may not be the richest in animal life
但这些树木非常特别
but their trees are extraordinary.
这些美洲杉是红杉的亲戚,也是世界上最大的生物
This giant sequoia, a relative of the redwood, is the largest living thing on Earth.
谢尔曼将军树有十头蓝鲸那么重
Known as General Sherman, it's the weight of ten blue whales.
附近的高山上,狐尾松 是地球上最长寿的生物
Higher up in the nearby mountains, bristlecone pines, the oldest organisms on the planet.
有的在这里已经待了5000年
Some have been here for five thousand years.
它们在金字塔建造之前就发芽了, 耶稣诞生的时候它们已经活了3000年
They were alive before the pyramids were built and were already three thousand years old when Christ was born.
穿越赤道来到南半球 这里的森林如同北半球的翻版
Across the Equator, in the southern hemisphere there are forests that mirror those of the north.
这是南美洲, 绰号♥叫“猴子谜”的南洋杉看上去和极地针叶林没什么两样
Here in South America araucaria trees or monkey puzzles are like the conifers of the Taiga.
它们用防水的鳞片代替了针叶.球果也有些不同
They have waterproof scales, instead of needles and their cones look a little different
不过它们在本质上还是一样的
but the principles are the same.
尖嘴锥尾鹦鹉和交喙鸟来一样啄出种籽取食
Slender billed parakeets rather than crossbills, extract their seeds.
由于更长的生长季节, 南半球也有红杉-智利柏树
Where the growing season is longerm, there are alerce trees the redwoods of the south.
难道如同寒冷的北极, 巴尔第毕亚温带森林只有很少的动物?
As in the frozen north, the Valdivian forests of Chile support very few animals
这种相似性在这里是不存在的
but that is the end of the similarity.
这里是小动物的奇异世界
This is a bizarre world of miniature creatures.
智利普度鹿 世界上最小的鹿之一,正在吃根乃拉草的大叶子
The pudu, the world's smallest deer feeds on the giant leaves of the gunnera plant.
雌鹿肩高仅仅30厘米高
The female is just thirty centimeters high at the shoulder
她的孩子不比小猫大多少
and her infants are hardly bigger than kittens.
妈妈必须保持警惕,猎人正在觑觎着孩子
The male must stay alert. There are hunters here who would snatch his young.
另一种小动物--南美林猫
Another miniature. The kodkod cat.
对于这种美洲最小的猫科动物来说 小普度鹿无疑是它的美餐
It's the smallest cat in all the Americas and a young pudu would be a feast for it
由于母鹿在警戒着,南美林猫只好放弃
But, with the male on guard, the kodkod must lower his sights.
飞蛾正在孵化
Moths are hatching.
今年夏天最后一批, 小猫应该可以抓到它们
They're the last of the summer. The tiny cat should be able to score with these.
没人知道为什么这里的动物这么小
No one knows why the creatures here are so small