了解宇宙是如何运行的（2010）

How the Universe Works S11E05

Part 10 April 10, 2023, 10:20 a.m.

the birth of the Sun,
木星和土星到达了与天王星和海王星
Jupiter and Saturn reached
the same region of space as
相同的空间区域
Uranus and Neptune.
四个吵架的孩子休战，一起绕圈
The four quarreling children
call a truce and orbit together.
奥卢塞伊:轨道处于稳定的边缘
OLUSEYI: Orbits are on
the razor's edge of stability
所以在早期太阳系有一件事帮助它稳定下来
as it is, and so one thing that
helped to stabilize
所以在早期太阳系有一件事
as it is, and so one thing that
helped to stabilize
帮助它稳定下来
our solar system
in the early days
那就是在这个由气体和尘埃组成的云团中
was that it was in
this cloud of gas and dust
也就是这个原行星盘
that was this
protoplanetary disk.
原行星盘中的气体会使行星减速
ROWE: Gas in
the protoplanetary disk can
从而使它们迁移
slow down planets
so they migrate.
但它也可以稳定它们的轨道
But it can also stabilize
their orbits.
就像赛道边上的沙子一样
Like sand on
the side of a racing track
它可以让赛车减速并帮助它们
that's there to slow
down the cars and help them get
到赛道上
back on track,
气体可以让行星不会偏离
the gas allows the planets to
not veer off too much
气体可以让行星不太偏离
the gas allows the planets to
not veer off too much
它们稳定紧凑的轨道太远
away from their stable
compact configuration.
气体行星之间的停火是短暂的
ROWE: The ceasefire between
the gas planets is short-lived.
一旦太阳教父吹走了最后的气体
Once the Godfather Sun blows
away the last of the gas,
最大的黑♥手♥党♥儿子开始了另一场犯罪狂欢
the largest Mafioso children
set off on another crime spree.
所以当气体消失时
So when the gas goes away,
巨行星的轨道就不再有这种
you no longer have this
dampening effect on the orbits
阻尼作用，它们开始
of the giant planets,
and they can start
阻尼作用，它们开始
of the giant planets,
and they can start
能够相互作用
interacting with each other.
木星又可以为所欲为了，只是这一次
And Jupiter is free to be
a bully again, only this time,
他有了一个大跟班——土星
he's got a big
sidekick -- Saturn.
前和平卫士，土星，与木星联手
ROWE: Former peacekeeper,
Saturn, joins forces
他们开始扰乱
with Jupiter,
and they start
天王星和海王星
messing with
Uranus and Neptune.
所以两个最大的孩子组成了一个团队开始把行星
So the two largest kids team
up together and start pushing
推来推去
everyone else around.
当你把非常大质量的行星放在一起
When you put really big planets
that are really massive,
彼此非常靠近
really close to each other,
随着时间的推移，它们开始相互推动
over time,
they start to push on each
对方的轨道，它们的轨道开始变得兴奋起来
other's orbits, and their
orbits start to get excited.
对方的轨道，它们的轨道开始变得兴奋起来
other's orbits, and their
orbits start to get excited.
整件事开始瓦解
The whole thing starts
to unravel
最终在暴♥力♥和美丽的不稳定中
and eventually culminates in
a violent
达到高♥潮♥
and beautiful instability.
来自木星和土星的引力
ROWE: Gravitational shoves
from Jupiter
将这些冰巨人推向外
and Saturn pushed
the ice giants outwards.
天王星仍然承受着这一移♥动♥力量的伤疤
Uranus still bears the scars
from this power move.
首先，它绕着太阳转
For one thing, it's orbiting
the Sun on its side.
首先，它绕着太阳转
For one thing, it's orbiting
the Sun on its side.
它的旋转轴
Instead of having
its rotation axis
不是笔直的向上或向下
sort of straight up and down,
而是倾斜的，所以它的极点
more or less, it's tipped
way over, so its pole is
或多或少指向太阳，而不是向上或向下
pointing more or less towards
the Sun instead of up and down.
这真的很奇怪
That's really weird.
最近的研究表明，一次巨大的撞击
ROWE: Recent studies suggest
a giant impact caused
导致了天王星的奇怪方向
Uranus's strange orientation.
40多亿年前
Over four billion years ago,
一个巨大的冰质物体以掠击的方式
a large icy object hits
the ice giant
撞击了这个冰巨人
with a glancing blow.
撞击了这个冰巨人
with a glancing blow.
星球开始翻倒
The planet starts to tip over.
然后，攻击者绕过来
Then,
the attacker comes around
第二次撞向天王星
and smashes into Uranus
a second time.
这前后两次的重拳将冰巨人击倒在地
This 1-2 punch knocks
the ice giant onto its side.
碰撞原因的线索
A clue to the cause of
来自海王星的卫星，海卫一
the collision comes from
Neptune's moon, Triton.
拉德博:海卫一的奇怪之处在于
RADEBAUGH: What's odd about
Triton is that it orbits
它绕海王星的轨道是错误的
the wrong way around Neptune,
and that's
这对整个太阳系来说都是错误的
the wrong way for
the whole solar system,
所以其他一切都朝着这个方向运行，而海卫一却朝着
so everything is going in this
direction, Triton is going
另一个方向运行
the other way.
另一件事是海卫一的组成
The other thing is that Triton
is made of slightly different
与海王星轨道上的情况略有不同
things than it should be
at the orbit of Neptune.
它的颜色，密度，都有一点偏差
Its color, its density,
are just a little bit off.
我们认为这意味着
What we think
that means is that
它可能不是在那里形成的
it probably didn't form there.
我们在矮行星冥王星上
ROWE: We find pointers to
Triton's origin
找到了海卫一起源的线索
on the dwarf planet Pluto.
找到了海卫一起源的线索
on the dwarf planet Pluto.
冥王星位于柯伊伯带中
Pluto sits in the Kuiper belt,
柯伊伯带是海王星之外由数百万个冰天体组成的环带
a band of millions of icy
objects beyond Neptune.
拉德博:当我们用地球上的望远镜观察海卫一
RADEBAUGH: When we looked
at Triton and compared it
并将其与冥王星进行比较时
with Pluto from
telescopes from Earth,
我们发现这两者非常相似
we recognize these two are
very similar to each other.
在海卫一上有氮冰，一氧化碳冰
On Triton,
there's nitrogen ice,
还有二氧化碳冰
carbon monoxide ice,
there's carbon dioxide ice.
这些和我们在冥王星上看到的冰是一样的
These are the same types of
ices that we see on Pluto.
这些和我们在冥王星上看到的冰是一样的
These are the same types of
ices that we see on Pluto.
这种相似的化学成分表明
ROWE: This similarity in
chemical composition suggests
冥王星和海卫一形成于同一个地方
that Pluto and Triton
formed in the same place,
一个古老的冰天体带
an ancient band of icy objects
被称为跨海王星带
called
the trans-Neptunian belt.
当这颗巨大的行星的轨道失控时
When the giant planet orbits
go berserk, Uranus and Neptune
天王星和海王星就会被抛到海王星外的圆盘上
get tossed into this
trans-Neptunian disk.
这就像一个巨大的保龄球进来
it's like a big bowling bowl
coming in and knocking off
这就像一个巨大的保龄球进来
it's like a big bowling bowl
coming in and knocking off
把左右两侧的保龄球击飞