了解宇宙是如何运行的（2010）

How the Universe Works S11E03

Part 8 April 10, 2023, 10:20 a.m.

那么，是什么能把一个巨大的黑洞踢出星系呢？
So what can kick a giant
black hole out of a galaxy?
什么有这种力量？
What has that kind of power?
答案是这场冲突并非势均力敌
ROWE: The answer is a clash
that wasn't evenly matched.
这两个超大质量黑洞的大小不同——
The two supermassive black
holes were different sizes --
一个中量级拳击手对一个重量级拳击手
a middleweight boxer
taking on a heavyweight.
当我们人类打架时，我们喜欢让它公平
When we humans set up a fight,
we like to make it fair,
因为这是体育运动
because it's sport.
大自然并不关心体育运动
Nature doesn't care
about sport.
这是适者生存
It's survival of the fittest.
这是适者生存
It's survival of the fittest.
这不是一场公平的战斗
This is not a fair fight.
还没开始就结束了
It's over before
it even begins.
一拳，就击倒了
One punch,
and it's a K.O.
当这两个黑洞合并时
As these two black holes
are merging,
会有一个非常小的黑洞
there's one
really small black hole
和一个大得多的黑洞
and one much bigger
black hole.
整个系统都在摆动，它可以在一个方向上
The whole system wobbles
around, and it can get more of
得到比另一个方向
a gravitational wave kick in one
更多的引力波这就是动力
direction than the other.
-And that's momentum.
这是一个推力，足够把黑洞
That's a push,
that's enough energy to kick
踢出去
the black hole out.
不平衡的引力冲击
ROWE: The lopsided
gravitational punch
不平衡的引力冲击
ROWE: The lopsided
gravitational punch
使合并的超大质量黑洞
sends the merged supermassive
走上了被遗忘的单程之旅
black hole on a one-way trip
to oblivion.
这告诉我们引力波
This tells us
that gravitational
可以非常强大
waves can be
tremendously powerful.
它们可以将一个超大质量黑洞
They can move a supermassive
black hole out from
从星系中心移出，并将其送上自己的道路
the center of a galaxy
and send it on its way.
庞岑:它只能继续漂移
PONTZEN: But it just carries
on drifting.
没有办法阻止它
There's no way to stop it.
谁知道呢，几百万年后
And who knows, in a few
million years it could
它可能会完全漂移出它所在的星系
just drift entirely
out of its galaxy
然后飘到太空深处
and go floating off
into deep space.
然后飘到太空深处
and go floating off
into deep space.
在一些比赛中
ROWE: In some matches,
the fighters
拳手甚至连一拳都没有
don't even land a punch.
科学家发现了一个名为B3 1715+425的
Scientists spot
a supermassive black hole
超大质量黑洞
named B3 1715+425.
这个黑洞很奇怪
This black hole is strange.
没有跟随它的恒星
Stripped of all its stars,
它以每小时450万英里的速度在真空中飞驰
it hurtles through empty space
at 4.5 million miles an hour.
首先引起我们注意的是
The first thing
that draws our attention is
这条划过天空的微弱残骸痕迹
this faint trail of debris
across the sky.
这条模糊的碎片痕迹划过天空
this faint trail of debris
across the sky.
普莱特:实际上有一条
PLAIT: There is actually
a trail leading
通往星系中心的线索
back to the center of
the galaxy.
它有点像一辆自卸卡车，对吧，装满了土
sIt's kind of like a dump truck,
right, that's filled with
在高速公路上行驶，土在它后面飞散——
dirt driving down the highway,
and the dirt's flying off
这是一个裸♥露♥的黑洞
behind it --
this is a naked black hole.
暴露在外的超大质量黑洞
ROWE: The exposed
super massive black hole
已经失去了它的恒星和星系
has lost its stars and galaxy,
一个冠军失去了它的粉丝和随从
a champion stripped of
its fans and entourage.
那么，什么事件的威力足以
So what event is powerful
enough to strip
将一个超大质量黑洞从它的整个主星系中剥离出来呢？
a supermassive black hole of
its entire host galaxy?
将一个超大质量黑洞从它的整个主星系中剥离出来呢？
a supermassive black hole of
its entire host galaxy?
那一定是件大事
That has to be something
really big.
普莱特: B3是一个很小的星系
PLAIT: B3 is
a smallish galaxy, and it
它和一个大得多的星系发生了冲突
got into a scrap with a much
bigger one.
较大星系的更强引力
The stronger gravity of
the bigger galaxy
将恒星从黑洞中剥离出来，并将其射出去
stripped the stars away from
that black hole and shot it out.
通常在宇宙中，当一个物体更大
Typically in the universe,
when something
质量更大时，它就赢了
is bigger and more massive,
it wins.
这对星系来说是正确的
So this is true for galaxies.
一个大星系对一个小星系——
A big galaxy versus
a little galaxy --
把钱押在大星系上
put your money on the big one.
但是当两个势均力敌的重量级选手
ROWE: But when two
evenly matched heavyweights
但是当两个势均力敌的重量级选手
ROWE: But when two
evenly matched heavyweights
进入拳击台时
enter the ring,
那就是一决雌雄的时候了
it's time for the main event.
[人群高呼]
[crowd chanting]
巨人之间的对决
A clash of the titans.
我从小和我爸一起看拳击比赛
I grew up watching boxing
with my dad.
我一直是个拳击迷，我喜欢伟大的战斗
So I've always been a boxing
fan, and I love a great battle.
还有什么能
And what's a bigger
battle than
比两个超大质量黑洞的正面碰撞更大的战斗呢？
a head-on collision between
two supermassive black holes?
如果你是拳击迷，这是最重要的
If you're a boxing fan,
this is the big one.
萨特:我们准备好了
SUTTER:
We are ready.
我们都快坐不住了
We are on the edge of
our seats.
我们都快坐不住了
We are on the edge of
our seats.
明加雷利:我们有两个超大质量黑洞
MINGARELLI: We've got two
supermassive black holes,
每个黑洞都在各自的角落里
each one is in their corner,
and they're getting ready for
它们正准备进行世纪大战
the fight of the century.
我的意思是，它们会进行非常激烈的鏖战
I mean, they're just gonna
go at it like goosh, goosh.
我会看的我会按次付费的
I would watch that.
I'd Pay-Per-View that.
奥卢塞伊:没有比这更好的了
OLUSEYI: It doesn't get
any better than this.
这些都是处于巅峰的职业拳击手
These are prize fighters
at the top of their game.
他们被训练得很好
They're trained to a T.
他们被加强了
They're beefed up.
他们已经准备好了
They are ready to rumble.
我们离宇宙大战只有几秒钟了
ROWE: We are just seconds away
from the fight of the cosmos.
我们离宇宙大战只有几秒钟了
ROWE: We are just seconds away
from the fight of the cosmos.
欢迎来到宇宙重量级
ROWE: Welcome to
the heavyweight championship
锦标赛
of the universe.
重达80亿个太阳质量
Weighing in at eight billion
solar masses,