了解宇宙是如何运行的（2010）

How the Universe Works S11E02

Part 1 April 10, 2023, 10:19 a.m.

我们的邻居，火星让我们着迷
ROWE: Our neighbor, Mars,
fascinates us.
这是一颗与地球相似的行星
It's a planet
that is similar to Earth,
但又有一些很大的不同
but with some big differences.
火星锈迹斑斑，尘土飞扬，寒冷而冻结
Mars is rusty, dusty,
frigid, and frozen.
你不会想在那种地方养孩子的
It ain't the kind of place
you want to raise your kids.
过去的任务表明
ROWE: Past missions
suggest that Mars
火星曾经是一个非常不同的世界
was once a very
different world.
我们今天看到的火星
The Mars we see today has
completely changed
与几十亿年前的火星完全不同
from the Mars of
a few billion years ago.
与几十亿年前的火星完全不同
from the Mars of
a few billion years ago.
拉德堡:如果我有一台时光机去火星
RADEBAUGH: If I had
a time machine to visit Mars
我马上会去的
in the past,
I would go in an instant.
当然我们没有时间机器
ROWE: Without a time machine
to explore
去探索古老的火星，但我们有一系列
ancient Mars,
we employ a team of high-tech
高科技机器人调查员
robot investigators.
我们有一个完整的
We've got an entire fleet
机器人宇宙飞船舰队在探索这个星球
of robotic spacecraft
exploring the planet.
他们共同努力，挖掘火星的过去
ROWE: Working together, they dig
into Mars's past to answer
以回答终极的问题——
the ultimate question --
火星曾经有过生命吗？
did Mars once have life?
火星曾经有过生命吗？
did Mars once have life?
宇宙是如何运行的
第十一季第2集
2021年2月
February 2021.
最新的机器人调查员向火星加速前进
The newest robot investigator
speeds towards Mars,
这是美国宇航局向另一个世界发送的最先进的
the most advanced rover
NASA has ever sent to
漫游者
another world.
漫游者
another world.
这就是“毅力”号♥
This is Perseverance.
“毅力”号♥任务的目标是
The goal of
the Perseverance mission is
寻找火星上过去存在生命的迹象
to look for signs of
past life on Mars.
首先，它必须安全
ROWE: First, it must
navigate safely
航行到行星表面
to the surface of the planet.
兰扎:每次着陆都有危险
LANZA: Every landing
has its own dangers.
因为漫游者必须是自动的
Because the rover must
be autonomous,
它必须在没有我们帮助的情况下做所有事情
it has to do everything
without our help.
毅力号♥以每小时12500英里的速度
ROWE: Perseverance enters
Mars's thin atmosphere at
进入火星稀薄的大气层
close to 12,500
miles an hour...
进入火星稀薄的大气层
close to 12,500
miles an hour...
然后打开降落伞
and deploys a parachute.
降落伞将毅力号♥减速到
ROWE: The parachute
slows Perseverance
每小时200英里
to 200 miles per hour.
但还是太快了，不能安全着陆
ROWE: Still too fast
to land safely.
但还是太快了，不能安全着陆
ROWE: Still too fast
to land safely.
为了防止猛烈撞击
To prevent a violent impact,
探测器必须启动空中吊车
the rover must activate
the sky crane.
当我第一次看到空中吊车的概念时
When I first saw
the sky crane concept,
我想，嗯，工程师们有点失控了
I thought, hm, the engineers
are kind of losing it.
在我看来，这真是个疯狂的想法
It seemed to me like
a really crazy idea.
毅力号♥启动了它的喷气背包
ROWE: Perseverance
activates its jetpack.
复古火箭使着陆器的下降速度慢得像爬行一样
Retro rockets slow
the lander's descent to a crawl.
然后，在离地面66英尺的地方
Then, 66 feet
above the surface,
空中吊车用缆绳
the sky crane
uses cables to
将月球车轻轻地降至地面
gently lower the rover
to the ground.
寻找火星生命的第一步
ROWE: Step one in
the search for Martian life,
就是找到液态水存在的证据
find evidence of liquid water.
28英里宽的杰泽罗陨石坑
A good place to start is
the 28-mile-wide
是个不错的开始
Jezero Crater.
“毅力”号♥降落在一个叫做杰泽罗的陨石坑上
Perseverance has landed in
a crater called Jezero, and this
这个陨石坑看起来像一个曾经有液态水的地方
looks like a place where there
was liquid water in its past.
我们之所以这么认为是因为
And the reason we think this
is because
在正中间有一个美丽的三角洲沉积物
there's this beautiful delta
deposit right in the middle.
在正中间有一个美丽的三角洲沉积物
there's this beautiful delta
deposit right in the middle.
“毅力”号♥将高分辨率相机对准了
ROWE: Perseverance turns
its high-resolution cameras
火山口的悬崖边
onto a cliff side
in the crater
在顶部附近发现了巨大的五英尺巨石
and discovers giant five-foot
boulders near the top.
关于它们如何到达那里的线索
A clue to how they got
there may
可能来自第一批访问火星的探测器
come from the first probes
to visit Mars.
当我们第一次向火星发射
One of the very first things
we noticed about Mars
水手号♥和维京号♥探测器时
when we first sent probes there
我们注意到的第一件事就是
with Mariner and Viking was
that there were these huge
火星表面有这些巨大的通道
channels on the surface
of Mars.
火星表面有这些巨大的通道
channels on the surface
of Mars.
看着这些巨大的地貌
Looking at
these enormous landforms,
我们意识到，在火星上的一些地方
we realized that,
in some places on Mars,
可能曾经有过巨大的洪水
there may have been
enormous floods,
比我们在地球上见过的任何洪水都要大
bigger than almost anything
we'd ever seen on Earth.
地球上的暴洪造成的岩层
ROWE: Flash floods on Earth
cause similar rock formations to
与在杰泽罗陨石坑发现的岩层相似
those found in Jezero Crater,
suggesting that powerful,
这表明强大、快速流动的急流携带着
fast-moving torrents carried
the giant rocks found by
毅力号♥发现的巨大岩石，并将它们倾倒在悬崖顶部
Perseverance and dumped them
at the top of the cliff.
“毅力”号♥只是精英机器人团队中的
Perseverance is just one
member of an elite team
一员而已，还有其他成员
of robots patrolling
the ground
他们在地面巡逻，从空中监视
and spying from the air.
研究火星大气和挥发性演化的轨道飞行器
The Mars Atmospheric
and Volatile Evolution
简称MAVEN，研究着火星大气
Orbiter, or MAVEN,
investigates Mars's atmosphere.
MAVEN的嗅觉非常好
MAVEN smells really good.
它能闻到火星大气的味道
It smells
the Martian atmosphere.
它告诉我们火星大气
It tells us what
the Martian atmosphere
是由什么组成的
is made of all across
the planet.
是由什么组成的
is made of all across
the planet.
然后是火星侦察轨道飞行器
ROWE: Then there's the MARS
Reconnaissance Orbiter.
顾名思义，这个火星探测器是一种
As its name suggests,
an orbiting spacecraft
环绕火星轨道运行的航♥天♥器
that images surface
of MARS.
它的高分辨率摄像头