了解宇宙是如何运行的（2010）

How the Universe Works S11E01

Part 5 April 10, 2023, 10:19 a.m.

the moon wanders away from its
protective parent.
在大部分的运行时间内
Titan orbits inside of
that magnetic field...
土卫六的轨道在磁场内部
mostly, most of the time.
但它的轨道不是完美的圆形
Its orbit isn't
perfectly circular.
它有点椭圆
It's slightly elliptical.
所以当土卫六围绕行星公转的时候，有一小段时间
So as Titan orbits the planet,
for a little bit of time,
大约5%的轨道
about 5 percent of its orbit,
它实际上是稍微在磁场外的
it's actually slightly outside
the magnetic field
它实际上是稍微在磁场外的
it's actually slightly outside
the magnetic field
然后又回到磁场里
before dipping back
in again.
但这些短暂的攻击
ROWE:
But these short forays into
不会造成任何持久的伤害
the firing line don't cause
any lasting damage.
真正奇怪的是土卫六上
What's really weird is that
there's sort of a residual
还有残留的磁效应
magnetic effect on Titan.
当它离开土星的保护磁场时
When it leaves Saturn's
protective field,
它应该会立即消失
it should just immediately
drop to nothing.
但仍然有残留的磁场
But there still is
this residual field,
保护它不受太阳风的影响
protecting it from
the solar wind.
萨特:它可以保持磁场的记忆
SUTTER: It can maintain the
memory of that magnetic field
萨特:它可以保持磁场的记忆
SUTTER: It can maintain the
memory of that magnetic field
同时还能保留一些保护
and still preserve some
of that protection.
这就像是土星试图教土卫六
It's almost like Saturn is
trying to teach
如何拥有磁场
Titan how to have
a magnetic field,
土卫六可以记住一点
and Titan can remember
for a little bit,
但之后它需要回家
but then it needs to come
back home.
这种磁记忆可以帮助土卫六
ROWE: This magnetic memory
could help
保护星球表面上的任何生命
support any life on
Titan's surface,
为太阳风提供一个安全的避风港
providing a safe haven that's
protected from the solar wind.
卡西尼号♥发现了土星的磁性
And Cassini spots a way
也可能使其卫星
Saturn's magnetism
might also allow
也可能使其卫星
Saturn's magnetism
might also allow
发展生命的一种方式
its moons to develop life.
围绕土星最惊人的发现之一是
One of the most amazing
discoveries around Saturn was
它的磁场不仅仅是
that its magnetic field is not
改变太阳的带电粒子
just transporting
charged particles from,
而且还将物质从一个卫星传输到
say, the sun, but it's also
transporting material
另一个卫星
from one moon to another.
土星的磁场从其姐妹卫星土卫二上
ROWE: Saturn's magnetic field
helps boost
窃取物质
the chance of life on Titan
从而增加了土卫六上存在生命的可能性
by stealing material
from its sister moon, Enceladus.
从而增加了土卫六上存在生命的可能性
by stealing material
from its sister moon, Enceladus.
的确，磁力是一种强大的力量
Magnetism is
a strong force, of course,
但在这样的规模和范围内发挥作用
but to act on a scale
and a range
将物质从一个卫星运送到另一个卫星
like this and maybe transport
matter from moon to moon,
这真的很酷
that's pretty cool.
土星的磁场粉碎了
ROWE: Saturn's magnetic field
smashes apart
土卫二间歇泉喷出的水分子
water molecules blasted out
from Enceladus's geysers
并将剩余的氧气带到土卫六
and carries the leftover oxygen
to Titan.
萨特:土星的磁场
SUTTER:
The magnetic field of Saturn
就像土星系统中的一条星间高速公路
acts like
an inter-lunar highway
将氧气从土卫二
in the Saturn system,
transporting oxygen
一路运送到土卫六
from Enceladus all the way
to Titan.
但当磁场试图将氧气从这条星间高速公路
ROWE: But there's a problem
when the oxygen tries to
土卫六的出口出移开时，就出现了一个问题
take the Titan exit off of
this inter-lunar highway.
正常情况下，这些氧气
Normally, this oxygen
wouldn't survive
不会在土卫六的大气中存活
in the atmosphere of Titan.
它会与那里的甲烷反应，产生二氧化碳
It would react with the methane
there and create carbon dioxide.
为了完整地到达水面
ROWE:
To get to the surface
氧气完整地连接在一起
in one piece,
oxygen hitches
氧气完整地连接在一起
in one piece,
oxygen hitches
氧与一种叫做富勒烯的物质搭在一起
a ride with something
called a fullerene.
富勒烯是一种
Fullerenes are these sort of
足球形状的中空分子
soccer ball shaped molecules
that are hollow.
如果氧原子进去了
If the oxygen atom
gets in there,
它就可以安全地穿过土卫六的大气层
it can be safely transported
through Titan's atmosphere.
一旦到达星球表面，氧气可以帮助产生
ROWE: Once on the surface,
the oxygen could help create
氨基酸
amino acids,
氨基酸是蛋白质的基本组成部分
the essential building blocks
of proteins,
是生命出现的另一块垫脚石
another stepping stone for
life to emerge.
是生命出现的另一块垫脚石
another stepping stone for
life to emerge.
想想所有复杂的
Think of all
the complex coincidences
巧合的化学反应
that have to happen
都必须要发生
for these chemical reactions
to take place.
如果土卫六的轨道有任何不同
If Titan's orbit
was any different,
它根本就不存在
it simply wouldn't exist.
土星保护着其卫星上任何潜在的生命
ROWE: Saturn protects
any potential life on its moons.
事实证明
And as it turns out,
the moons
事实证明
And as it turns out,
the moons
这些卫星通过创造和维护
return the favor
by helping create
土星标志性的光环来回报土星
and maintain
Saturn's iconic rings.
直径达17万英里
ROWE: At 170,000 miles
in diameter,
但某些地方只有30英尺厚
but only 30 feet thick
in places,
土星美丽的光环总是抢尽风头
Saturn's beautiful rings have
always stolen the show,
但它们的起源仍然是一个谜
but their origin is still
a mystery.
土星有这些美丽的光环
Saturn has these beautiful
rings that really
土星有这些美丽的光环
Saturn has these beautiful
rings that really
真是这些将它定义为一颗行星
define it as a planet,
但它在太阳系中是独一无二的
but its unique in the solar
system in the sense that no
因为没有其他行星有这么大的光环系统
other planet has such
a big ring system.
塞勒:所有其他气体巨星都有残留的光环
THALLER: All of the other gas
giants have remnants of a ring,
但那是又小又薄又暗的光环，与土星不同
kind of small, thin, dark rings,
but nothing like Saturn.
所以土星周围发生了非常不同的事情
So something very different
happened around Saturn.
线索来自光环的组成