了解宇宙是如何运行的（2010）

How the Universe Works S11E03

Part 6 April 10, 2023, 10:20 a.m.

the boss of the cosmos.
超大质量黑洞对超大质量黑洞
Supermassive black hole
versus supermassive
超大质量黑洞对超大质量黑洞
Supermassive black hole
versus supermassive
在最宏伟的舞台上战斗
black hole, fought in
the grandest arena.
斗士的随从，他们的主星系
The fighter's entourage,
their host galaxies,
护送他们到擂台
escort them to
the ring.
但即使是这样的旅程
But even this journey
is violent,
也充满了暴♥力♥，引发了星爆、喷射和大屠♥杀♥
triggering starbursts, jets,
and carnage.
这是宇宙重量级大战前的
ROWE: It's the build up before
the heavyweight fight
热身
of the cosmos.
战斗者的随从，他们的主星系
The fighters' entourages,
their galaxies, carry
一旦携带他们的超大质量黑洞到达螺旋
their supermassive black holes
to the ring.
事情会变得很糟糕
Things are about to get nasty.
星系看起来平静而安详
Galaxies can look calm
and serene,
但它们会变成相当大的碎片
but they can get into
pretty big scraps.
它们中有很多是完全混乱的
There's a lot of them
that are totally
它们中有很多是完全混乱的
There's a lot of them
that are totally
而且显然正在相互融合
messed up and are clearly
merging with each other.
当星系相互争斗时，它们的引力会相互吸引
ROWE: When galaxies fight,
their gravity pulls on each
相互之间会扭曲彼此的结构
other, twisting and distorting
their structures.
星系会被扭曲变形成不同的样子
The galaxy will be warped
and morphed into different ways
我们只能想象它会有多扭曲
that we can only imagine
how twisted it would be.
这种剧烈的宇宙探戈
ROWE: This violent
cosmic tango brings
将两个超大质量黑洞聚集在一起
the two supermassive
black holes together.
将两个超大质量黑洞聚集在一起
the two supermassive
black holes together.
特伦布莱:很优雅，很漂亮
TREMBLAY: It's elegant,
it's beautiful.
这是一种十亿年的精心编排的舞蹈
It's this billion-year
choreographed dance
完全由引力引导
that is entirely conducted
by gravity.
这两个重量级“拳击手”互相接近
ROWE: The two heavyweight
fighters approach each other.
他们的脚在擂台上拍出节奏
Their feet beat out a rhythm
on the canvas,
就像旋转的黑洞释放
just like circling black holes
release low energy
低能引力波一样
gravitational waves.
这些巨大的巨兽在彼此之间潜行
You have these giant beasts
that are stalking
当他们相互环绕时
around each other,
and as they do,
当他们相互环绕时
around each other,
and as they do,
就会产生引力波
they create these
gravitational waves.
2021年6月
ROWE: June 2021.
天文学家拍摄了一次星系碰撞
Astronomers photograph
a galactic collision
并目睹了一场壮观的战斗前烟花表演
and witness a spectacular
pre-fight fireworks show.
当星系碰撞时，会发生一件
One of the amazing things
that can happen
令人惊讶的事情，那就是它们会产生
when galaxies collide
is they can create
巨大的星爆
tremendous starbursts.
当所有的气体都跟随引力流动时
There is a big inrush as all of
会产生一股巨大的冲击波——
the gas follows that gravity --
as the gas gets hotter
会产生一股巨大的冲击波——
the gas follows that gravity --
as the gas gets hotter
而每一次冲击波实际上
and denser,
it creates shockwaves,
都会产生新一代恒星
and each shockwave actually
creates a new generation of
围绕星系核心运行
stars going out around
the core of the galaxy.
突然的星暴照亮了正在合并的星系
ROWE: The sudden starburst
lights up the merging galaxies.
涌入的气体也为“超级斗士”提供燃料
The inrushing gas also fuels
the prize fighters,
超大质量黑洞螺旋
the supermassive
black holes spiraling
会向合并的星系中心移♥动♥
towards the merging
galactic center.
庞岑:如果有一个超大质量黑洞
PONTZEN: If there's a big
supermassive black hole,
它会突然发现它被大量的气体
it suddenly finds it
surrounded by loads of gas
它会突然发现它被大量的气体
it suddenly finds it
surrounded by loads of gas
和其他可以吞噬的物质包围
and other material it can eat.
它就像一种疯狂的进食
It goes on a kind of
feeding frenzy.
如果你是一个饥饿的超大质量黑洞
If you're a hungry
supermassive black hole,
那么这就是你的午餐自助餐
then this is
your lunchtime buffet.
并不是所有的气体都落入超大质量黑洞
ROWE: Not all the gas falls into
the supermassive black hole.
物质的其他部分实际上
Other parts of the matter
actually gets caught up
被困在我们所说的吸积盘中
in what we call
an accretion disk
围绕黑洞的外部旋转
rotating around the outside
of the black hole.
这个明亮的漩涡
ROWE: This bright vortex spins
around the supermassive
以每小时超过200万英里的速度
ROWE: This bright vortex spins
around the supermassive
围绕超大质量黑洞旋转
black hole at over
two million miles an hour.
圆盘中的物质相互摩擦
The material in the disk
rubs against itself,
产生摩擦热
creating friction.
摩擦产生热量——如果我搓手
Friction generates heat --
if I rub my hands together,
它们会变暖和
they get a little
bit warm.
如果我以每小时几十万英里的速度搓手
If I rub my hands together at
hundreds of thousands of
就会变得非常非常热
miles per hour, it's gonna get
very, very, very warm.
吸积盘加热
ROWE:
The accretion disk heats up,
释放出强烈的光
blasting out intense light.
2020年
In 2020,
美国宇航局的哈勃太空望远镜
NASA's Hubble space
telescope saw two fueled-up
看到两个充满燃料的超大质量黑洞燃起了战斗
supermassive black holes
lighting up for the fight.
我们称之为类星体
We call them quasars.
类星体是非常明亮的黑洞的一个子类
Quasars are a subclass
of very bright black holes
会释放出巨大的能量
that are emitting huge
amounts of power.
所以在宇宙的尽头都能看到
So these can be seen at
the far reaches of the universe.
特伦布莱:黑洞，这些所谓的黑暗的东西
TREMBLAY: Black holes,
these so-called dark things,
特伦布莱:黑洞，这些所谓的黑暗的东西
TREMBLAY: Black holes,
these so-called dark things,
当它们以非常高的速度增长时
when they're growing
at a very high rate
它们是宇宙中最亮的光
are some of the brightest
lights in the universe.
到目前为止，我们已经在合并星系的核心中
ROWE: To date,
we've detected over 100 pairs
探测到超过100对类星体
of quasars in the cores of
merging galaxies.
我们认为它们最终都会相撞
We think they will all
eventually collide,
但在那之前，它们会上演一场
but before they do,
they'll put on a spectacular
壮观而致命的灯光秀
and lethal light show.
科幻小说的一个常见主题是
A common theme
in science fiction
某角色从眼睛或手上射出的