了解宇宙是如何运行的（2010）

How the Universe Works S11E05

Part 2 April 10, 2023, 10:20 a.m.

默奇森陨石告诉我们的是
What the Murchison
meteorite tells us is that
聚集在一起
the material that came together
形成太阳系的物质起源于
that formed our solar system
had its origination in
几十颗不同的恒星
dozens of different stars.
这些恒星消亡了，所有这些物质都被吹了出来
These stars died and blew out
all of these materials.
然后形成了这个巨大的气体和尘埃云
And then created this huge
cloud of gas and dust
叫做星云
called a nebula.
奥卢塞伊:云中物质的来源
OLUSEYI: The sources of
the material in that cloud
可能来自多个地方
could come from one of
a number of places.
来自许多恒星大气层的物质
The material
from lots of stars'
可能在那里混合
atmospheres
could be mixed in there.
在混合物中有建造太阳系的
ROWE: In the mix were
the ingredients to build
在混合物中有建造太阳系的
ROWE: In the mix were
the ingredients to build
各种成分
the solar system,
但我们不知道是什么
but we don't know
what triggered
触发了气体和尘埃形成了太阳
the gas and dust
to form the Sun.
2020年的一项研究可能会给出答案
A 2020 study
may have the answer.
布洛克:在过去的几十年里
BULLOCK: One of the coolest
things we've discovered
我们发现的关于银河系最酷的事情之一是
in the last couple of decades
about the Milky Way
有一股巨大的恒星流
is there's a giant stream
of stars that's
几乎横跨整个天空
stretching across virtually
the whole sky.
这些恒星并不是在银河系中诞生的
These stars were not
born in the galaxy.
他们不是本地人
They're not from here.
他们不是本地人
They're not from here.
如果不是来自我们的星系
ROWE:
If not from our galaxy,
那么来自哪里呢？
then from where?
我们认为这些恒星实际上
We think these stars actually
came from
来自围绕银河系运行的人马座矮星系
the Sagittarius Dwarf galaxy,
which orbits the Milky Way.
50亿年前
ROWE:
Over five billion years ago,
人马座矮星系
the Sagittarius Dwarf
galaxy wanders
离银河系太近了
too close to the Milky Way.
银河系强大的引力将人马座拉向银河系
Our galaxy's powerful gravity
drags Sagittarius towards it.
银河系强大的引力将人马座拉向银河系
Our galaxy's powerful gravity
drags Sagittarius towards it.
星系发生碰撞
The galaxies collide.
当这种情况发生时
As this is happening,
银河系撕裂了人马座
the Milky Way is tearing
Sagittarius apart,
将恒星从中剥离出来
ripping stars out of it.
这是真正的星系间的宇宙学戏剧
This is truly intergalactic
cosmological drama at play.
这次碰撞震动了银河系
This collision shakes up
the Milky Way.
当一个物体
When a body passes
穿过我们的星系盘时
through the disc
of our galaxy, it's
它会引起涟漪，并会压缩气体云
gonna set off ripples,
and that's going to compress
并最终会形成恒星
the gas clouds, and that's gonna
create star formation.
并最终会形成恒星
the gas clouds, and that's gonna
create star formation.
人马座“小矮人”撞进银河系
The Sagittarius Dwarf smashing
into the Milky Way
就像把一块石头扔进池塘
is like dropping a boulder
into a pond.
它产生了密度的涟漪
It sets out ripples
of density,
它干扰了星系中的所有东西
and it disturbs
everything in the galaxy,
但它并不是同样地干扰所有东西
but it doesn't disturb
everything equally.
它会导致一些尘埃和气体
It causes some clumps of dust
开始聚集在一起
and gas to start
accumulating together.
一个星系邮政编码的破坏
ROWE: The disruption in
one galactic zip code leads
导致了银河系其他邮政编码新的活动
to new activity in others
across the Milky Way.
涟漪触发了死亡恒星遗留下来的气体和尘埃
The ripples trigger gas
and dust left over
分♥裂♥成团块，并疯狂地
from the dying stars
to split into clumps,
引发了恒星的形成
sparking a frenzy of
star formation.
兰扎:看，如果你是一个观察者
LANZA: Look, if you were
an observer,
从这些小团块气体中
suddenly, out of
these little clumps of gas
突然冒出明亮的点火火花
come bright ignition sparks
all at once.
突然冒出明亮的点火火花
come bright ignition sparks
all at once.
如果你站在那里足够长时间
If you were to stand there
long enough,
看着这个恒星托儿所
watching this stellar nursery,
它可能看起来有点像夜晚的田野
it might look kind of like
a field at night
萤火虫在闪烁
with fireflies blinking on.
也许太阳就是在这次星爆中形成的
ROWE: Perhaps the Sun formed in
this starburst.
奥卢塞伊:矮人马座
OLUSEYI: The passage
of the Sagittarius Dwarf
穿过我们星系的时间
through our galaxy correlates
与太阳的形成和诞生有关
in time to the formation and
birth of our sun.
所以也许我们的太阳系的形成
So maybe our solar system came
about as a result of
所以也许我们的太阳系的形成
So maybe our solar system came
about as a result of
是由于人马座“小矮人”在50亿年前
the Sagittarius Dwarf passing
through our galaxy
经过我们的星系
<英文五百万年，是错的，应该是50亿年前>
over five million years ago.
当然，我们不确定
Of course, we don't know for
sure if this is what triggered
这是否是引发太阳形成的原因，但时间确实吻合
the formation of our sun,
but the timing does fit.
46亿年前
ROWE:
4.6 billion years ago,
被垂死恒星的物质播种的部分星云
part of the cloud
seeded with
密度越来越大
material from dying stars
grows denser,
直到它变得非常巨大，最终崩溃了
until it gets so massive,
it collapses.
南斯:随着气体云的坍缩
NANCE:
As the gas cloud collapses,
它变得越来越热，旋转越来越快
it gets hotter and hotter
and spins faster and faster,
在它的中心形成一个致密的核心
forming a dense core
at its center.
核心是原恒星，也就是后来的太阳
The core is the protostar
that will later become our sun.
原恒星吸引了越来越多的气体和尘埃
ROWE: The protostar drags in
more and more gas and dust,
形成了一个围绕它旋转的物质区域
creating a region of materials
spinning around it
称为原行星盘
called the protoplanetary disk.
奥卢塞伊:随着太阳质量的增加
OLUSEYI: As the Sun
builds up more mass,
奥卢塞伊:随着太阳质量的增加
OLUSEYI: As the Sun
builds up more mass,
它受到引力的压缩
it's getting compressed
gravitationally, and so the core
所以核心变得越来越热，越来越热
is getting hotter
and hotter and hotter.
密度在增加
The densities are increasing.
新的老大产生了，我们太阳黑帮家族的首领
ROWE: The new Don, the head
of our solar mobster family,
立刻展现出凶猛的本性
immediately reveals
a ferocious nature,
喷射出增压辐射
blasting out supercharged jets