纪录进行时（2015）

Good evening.N
晚上好
I'm Helen Mirren,
我是Helen Mirren
and you're watching Documentary Now!
你现在收看的是<纪录进行时>
For the past 50 years,
在过去的50年里
Documentary Now! has presented audiences
<纪录进行时>节目给观众们带来了
with the world's most thought-provoking cinema.
世界上最令人深思的电影
This season, to celebrate our golden anniversary,
这一季中 为了庆祝我们的50周年纪念日
we take a look back at the films
我们将回顾过去
that helped shape, change, and innovate
那些帮助塑造 改变 并且革新
the world of documentary.
纪录片行业的影片
We begin with a story of an Inuit, a director,
我们从一位因纽特人和一位导演的故事开始
and how you can't always believe what you see
在这部1985年的影片<被揭露的Kunuk>里
in the 1985 film Kunuk Uncovered.
眼之所见仍然难以置信
In 1922, director William H. Sebastian
1922年 导演William H. Sebastian
introduced American audiences to an Eskimo named Kunuk
在新古典主义电影<猎人Kunuk>中
in the now-classic film Kunuk the Hunter.
把爱斯基摩人Kunuk介绍给了美国观众
It was groundbreaking cinema, a box office success,
这是一部具有开拓性的影片 票房♥大卖♥♥
and has been credited with creating the genre that we now call documentary.
被誉为开创纪录片的鼻祖
But questions about Kunuk have always lingered.
但是关于Kunuk的疑问依然存在
What was the relationship between filmmaker and subject?
电影制♥作♥人和纪录对象的关系是什么
Were the actions depicted real or staged?
拍摄的场景是真实的还是摆拍的
Was the first documentary a documentary at all?
这第一部纪录片真的是"纪录"片吗
Or was it something else?
还是造假出来的其他东西呢
Now, with new interviews and recently recovered footage,
现在 新的采访和被修复的片段
we can finally know the answers.
将带我们找到答案
You have to understand that in the early 1920s,
你得知道 在20世纪20年代初
everyone had Eskimo fever.
每个人都疯狂迷恋着爱斯基摩人
If you were hosting an exposition
如果你举办一场展览
and your exposition had an Eskimo in it,
你的展览里面有爱斯基摩人
people would line up around the block
人们会绕着街区大排长龙
for a chance to see it.
只为一睹风采
I remember my William saying
我记得我的William说过
that seeing an Eskimo in London or New York
在伦敦或者纽约见到爱斯基摩人
would never be as exciting
远比不上
as seeing them in their natural settings.
在自然环境下见到他们来得激动人心
If he could find a way to do that, he said,
他说 如果他能做的话
he could make a fortune.
他能大赚一笔
At the time, I had just finished shooting a film
那时候 我刚拍完一部电影
called Passing Train.
叫做<经过的火车>
It was playing to much fanfare in Europe.
在欧洲震撼上映
And Sebastian saw the film, and he contacted me.
Sebastian看了那部电影之后 便联♥系♥了我
No one had ever shot a film
那时候还没有人尝试过
in the conditions he was proposing,
在他所提议的条件下拍摄电影
but I could tell he had a vision.
但我能看出他是个有远见的人
He would use words like "Realism" and "Truth,"
他会用"现实主义"和"真♥相♥"之类的词
and at that time, those words meant a great deal to me.
在那时 那些词对我来说意义重大
And, uh, two weeks later, we arrived in Canada.
两周之后 我们到达了加拿大
I just took the job.
我接下了这份活
"Dearest Meredith,
"亲爱的Meredith
tomorrow we reach st. George.
明天我们就会到达圣乔治
I am trembling with excitement.
我因兴奋而颤抖
The very idea of committing
把这些滑稽的小怪兽放进电影里这个想法
these funny little monsters to film
使我的脸庞充满笑容
brings a smile to my face even as my heart aches for you."
即使我的心因思念你而疼痛"
When we finally arrived at the trading post,
在我们好不容易到达贸易站时
he told me to set up my camera
他叫我摆设好摄影机
and rounded up some local hunters.
然后聚集一些当地猎人
Now, Sebastian thought a good scene for his film
Sebastian想到了一个很好的电影场景
would be Eskimos being puzzled
爱斯基摩人困惑不解
by where the sound came from a gramophone.
留声机发出的声音是哪里来的
This really delighted him.
这令他很开心
He thought that was a funny idea.
他认为这是个很有趣的主意
They all thought he was some sort of clown.
他们都以为他是个什么小丑
I mean, these Eskimos were--were laughing,
这些爱斯基摩人在开怀大笑
and he didn't care for their laughter.
他也不在意他们笑他
See, Sebastian is so-- a dude of his size advantage,
Sebastian的身高优势
he could impose his will physically on the Eskimo.
让他可以在肢体上折服爱斯基摩人
But they were a wiry lot, I tell ya.
但是他们也是硬汉
They just kicked the crap out of him.
把他狠狠揍了一顿
They shoved snow in his mouth.
还把雪塞到他嘴里
They'd shove it in his butt.
塞到屁♥眼♥里
They cold-cocked him,
他们把他打晕
where they put his member on a block of ice
还把他的小鸡鸡放在冰块上
and then stomped on it.
猛踩一通
The letters from Sebastian at this time
那时Sebastian寄回来的信
were very dire.
都是很悲惨的
He was intent on coming home
拍摄没有任何进展
with nothing to show for his travels.
他却急切地想回家
He told me he wanted a drink,
他跟我说他想喝酒
and I was against it, but I'll admit I gave it to him,
虽然我很反对 但我还是给他喝了
'cause that's the kind of guy I was.
因为我就是那样的人
I was a big enabler,
我是个善意的教唆者
and if you were trying to kick a habit,
如果你想戒掉坏毛病
I gave you the thing you wanted.
我会把该戒掉之物放在你面前
Anyways, then we noticed the men in the village
后来 我们注意到
leaving en masse,
村子里的男人 大规模地离开了
and we were told that they were departing
我们被告知 他们是出发前往
for a months-long hunt.
一个长达数月的狩猎
And it was at that moment I saw, amongst the womenfolk,
就在那时 在一群女人之中 我注意到了
a solitary man waving.
仅有一个男人在挥手
And that was Pipilok, and he saved our film, yeah.
那人是Pipilok 他拯救了我们的电影
"My dearest Meredith,
"我最亲爱的Meredith
Fortune has smiled upon us.
好运终于降临在我们身上了
I have discovered the star of our film.
我发掘出了我们电影的主角
He is slow of mind, but this makes him a malleable subject
他有点迟钝 所以他是一个很听话的记录对象
that I can make do what I wish."
我可以尽情发挥了"
There was an Eskimo girl who spoke a little English,
有一个会讲一点英语的爱斯基摩女孩
and we hired her to be our translator.
我们就请她做了翻译
I agreed to translate, but I told them it was a mistake
虽然我同意做翻译 但我告诉他们
to work with Pipilok.
找Pipilok是个错误
The gods had cursed him in the head.
上帝给他的大脑下了咒
Pipilok was everything Sebastian wanted and more.
Pipilok是Sebastian所要的一切 甚至更多
If you handed him a prop of any kind,
你递给他任何一样道具
he would take it and use it as something else.
他都会接着 然后把它当成其他东西来用
Sebastian always insisted
Sebastian总是坚持
he wanted the film to have comic moments.
电影要有喜剧瞬间
That was a phrase he used, "Comic moments."
他用的就是这个词 "喜剧瞬间"
Pipilok, he was perfect at those.
Pipilok是个天生的喜剧演员
But if you needed Eskimos doing Eskimo things,
但如果你需要行为举止像爱斯基摩人的爱斯基摩人
he was not your guy.
他不是最好的选择
I mean, there was a reason Pipilok wasn't on the hunt
Pipilok没和村子里的男人一起去打猎
with the rest of the men in the village.
是有原因的
He wasn't just bad at being an Eskimo;
他不只是个失败的爱斯基摩人
I mean, there was something fundamentally wrong with this guy.
这个家伙骨子里就是有点不对
I figured, "Well, the game is up."
我想 "这下完了"
We tried, but this wasn't an Eskimo to make a movie about.
我们尽力了 但这不是我们电影要的爱斯基摩人
But Sebastian, he-- he didn't agree.
但是Sebastian 他不同意
He tied Pipilok's wrists to the handles,
他把Pipilok的手腕绑到扶手上
and he nailed the soles of his boots
还把他的靴底
to the bottom of the sled.
钉在雪橇上
Yeah, I saw this.
没错 我亲眼所见
It's one of the most famous shots
这是最有名的电影之一里面
in one of the most famous films ever made,
最有名的镜头之一
And all I ever remember are the sounds of his screams.
但我唯一记得的是他的尖叫
Boy, he was howling across the tundra and back,
老天 他从苔原的这头吼到那头再吼回来
Screaming.
尖叫着
"Aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaah."
啊
Sebastian would brag to the women
Sebastian会跟女人们吹牛
that he was making a real film with real people,
说他在用真实的电影记录真实的人
but everything they did was fake.
但是他们所做的一切都是假的