人类大历史（2013）

Big History S01E17

Part 1 March 29, 2021, 2:04 p.m.

这是关于我们这个世界的传奇故事
This is the epic story of our world.
但不是我们以往听过的版本
But it's not the one we're used to.
这个故事讲述了我们是怎么差点就没能诞生
It's the story of how we almost didn't happen.
让我们回到45亿年前
We turn back time 4.5 billion years
正在形成的太阳系
to our solar system still froming aournd the sun
这是早期的地球
This planet is early Earth.
它位于一个距离太阳正合适的位置上
It's at a critical distance from the sun.
液态水可存在于这个区域内
It is in this zone that liquid water will be able to exist.
离得更近些城市会烧毁海洋会蒸发
Any closer and our future cities would burn and our oceans boil.
离得远一些地球将会冻结
Any further out and our future freezes over.
绝佳的位置只是众多好运中的一个
Earth's location is just one of many lucky breaks.
下一个好运发生在一次宇宙灾难中
The next comes in the form of cosmic disaster.
一个火星大小的物体与早期的地球发生碰撞
A massive object the size of Mars collides into early Earth.
如果是直接迎面撞上
If the collision were head-on,
我们的地球本应该被撞碎并不复存在
our planet would have shattered.
然而碎片形成了月球
Instead, the debris forms our moon.
月球起到了平衡作用它稳定了地球的自转
The moon is a counterbalance, stabilizing Earth's rotation...
从而使地球的气候稳定下来
which will prevent catastrophic swings in climate.
又一个好运
Another lucky break.
当地球渐渐冷却
As Earth cools,
密度大的金属下沉并形成旋转的地核
the heaviest metals sink and form a spinning core...
并产生了一个无形的巨大的保护层
sending a giant invisible force field around the planet.
一个将来会保护我们
A magnetic field that will one day...
不受致命辐射伤害
protect us from deadly radiation...
并保护大气层不被破坏的磁场
and keep our atmosphere from blowing away.
但由于质量大的金属都沉到了地核中
But since most heavy metals sank to the core...
地球的表面缺乏十分重要的物质
Earth's surface is devoid of the vital materials...
铁锡铅和金
the iron, tin, lead and gold...
都是我们将来会需要的
that we will one day need.
直到木星和土星来帮了忙
That is until Jupiter and Saturn step in to help.
数百万英里外
Millions of miles away...
这些行星在自己的轨道上移♥动♥
these massive planets shift in their orbits...
使得无数富含金属的陨石发散在太空中
sending billions of metal-rich asteroids through space...
不断撞击着地球
showering Earth...
并为地球补充资源
and replenishing our supply.
接着另一个好运到来
Then another lucky break.
木星的轨道稳定下来
Jupiter's orbit stabilizes...
它强大的引力
and its massive gravity
开始清除了剩余的陨石
begins to vacuum up most of the remaining rocks...
保护了我们未来家园的安全
keeping our future home safe.
如果没有像木星这样的邻居的话
Without a giant neighbor like Jupiter...
地球会仍会遭受陨石的攻击
Earth would still be under constant asteroid attack.
如果以上这些事情
If just a single one of these things
有任何一件没有按正确的方式准确发生
had not happened in precisely the right way...
我们的故事将会截然不同...
our story would unfold differently...
或者完全不会开始
or not begin at all.
地球不会有矿物质和金属
Earth would not have the minerals and metals...
不会有稳定状态
the stability...
不会有一年四季...
the seasons...
来支持接下来传奇故事的发生
to support the amazing saga that is to come.
在这次特别的展示中
In this special presentation,
我们会看到世间万物都是有关联的
we'll see that everything is connected.
你不能把它们看作微小的独♥立♥的事件
You can't look at this as tiny, little, remote events.
它们是重大的有关联的事件
That these are huge, coupled aspects... events...
它们是广阔历史中的一部分
that themselves are part of a larger history.
它们本身就是历史
They are big history.
历史的发展可以看成一条时间线
We think of history as a timeline...
由一系列事件组成延伸到几千年前
a series of events stretching a few thousand years into the past.
是时候大胆想象下了
It's time to think bigger.
抛开时间线
Instead of a line,
想像一张永无穷尽相连的网络
imagine a web of infinite connections...
在数亿年间都相互影响
interacting over billions of years...
共同创造出我们熟知的万物
linked together to create everything we've ever known...
我们的宇宙...
our universe...
我们的星球我们自身
our planet and us.
我们所知道的历史将会变得更加深邃
History as we know it is about to get big.
人类大历史选取发生在宇宙
Big history takes events all over the cosmos,
太阳系
all over the solar system...
以及我们地球上的各种事件
all over our planet,
并将他们联♥系♥成一个整体
and connects them together into a seamless whole.
然后将人类历史上的事件...
And then connects those events in human history...
与我们的地球
into the context of the planet,
太阳系和宇宙联♥系♥起来
the solar system and the universe.
我们刚刚看到的
The story we just saw...
那一系列关于地球形成中
the series of lucky breaks that
发生的好运的事
led to the formation of the Earth...
就是我们人类大历史称为关键点的时刻
is what big history calls a threshold moment.
这个想法基本上是认为早期的
The idea is basically that the early universe,
宇宙在各方面
in all sorts of ways...
都很简单单一
was really quite simple.
没有恒星没有生命没有行星
No stars, no life, no planets.
接着在130亿年中新的事物逐渐产生
And then gradually, over 13 billion years, new things appear.
大历史这个想法提供了一个很好的框架
And that idea provides a great shape and structure...
和类似主线的东西
and a sort of plot line.
我们着重关注那些重大事件发生的时刻
We focus on a number of moments when something critical appeared...
那些就是我们所说的关键时刻
and that's what we mean by threshold moments.
在人类大历史的故事中
In the story of big history...
总共有8个关键时刻
there are a total of eight threshold moments.
它们都是当宇宙发生变换
Moments when the universe crosses a line...
并且无法逆转的时刻
and can never turn back.
地球的诞生是第四个关键时刻
The creation of the Earth is the fourth threshold.
我们会一一展示这些关键点
We'll reveal them all...
并探索那些将他们联♥系♥起来的惊人秘密
and uncover the surprising secret that links them together.
但要做到这些我们得回到最开始
But to do that, we have to go back to the beginning...
第一个关键点
the first threshold moment...
近140亿年前
nearly 14 billion years ago.
一个仅有不到一秒来
A moment that had only a split second to
准确完成一切的时刻
unfold precisely as it did...
否则整个宇宙可能很快就会在开始后结束
or the entire universe might have ended shortly after it began.
那是从没有过的沉寂
It is the quietest quiet there has ever been.
接着突然之间一切从无到有
And then suddenly, out of nothing, everything begins.
这是人类大历史的第一个关键时刻
It is big history's first threshold.
宇宙大爆♥炸♥
The big bang.
在不到一秒的时间内
In a fraction of a second,
所有可能存在的能量
all the energy that will ever exist...
以不可思议的速度出现
appears in an inconceivable flash.
这是我们已知的万物开始的起点
Everything begins, as far as we know, at this moment...
从这一时刻开始
and from the moment it appears...
物理学家们能够对这之后发生的事情
physicists can offer a very coherent account
有比较清楚的解释
of everything that happens since.
在第一秒结束前
Before the first second has passed...
掌控自然界的基本力
the fundamental forces appear that will
开始出现
govern all existence forever.
一个是万有引力让我们不脱离地球
One is the gravity that holds us to the Earth...
我们得克服它才能飞行
and that we will need to overcome in order to fly.
另一个则是电磁力
Another... the electromagnetism that
让我们能够打电♥话♥
lets you make a cellphone call.
大爆♥炸♥确立了自然界基本规则
The big bang is the creation event that lays the ground rules.
它确定了基本力的规则
It lays the ground rules of the fundamental forces...
引力的大小光的速度
the strength of gravity, the speed of light...
以及所有促使宇宙形成的东西
all of the things that will shape the rest of the history of the universe.
在最初的几秒一切都有可能出错
And in these first few seconds, a lot could have gone wrong.
如果引力稍稍强一些
If gravity had been just a tiny bit stronger...
所有事物都会坍缩
all of existence would have collapsed in on itself.
若稍稍弱一些
A bit weaker...
星体将永远无法形成
and stars would never be able to form.
但大爆♥炸♥产生了恰到好处的力
But the big bang occurred at just the right force...
让整个历史得以运行
to set our entire history in motion.
这也是为什么这是第一个关键点
which is why it's the first of eight thresholds.
我们将看到这些点都不可思议地联♥系♥在一起