王冠的游戏：都铎家族（2023）

and imprisoned Catherine and her husband,
愤怒的伊丽莎白宣布婚姻无效，并监禁了凯瑟琳和她的丈夫，
and Catherine's infant children.
还有凯瑟琳的孩子们。
If you look at strict hereditary,
如果你看一下严格的世袭，
the heir to throne was Mary Queen of Scots,
王位继承人是苏格兰的玛丽女王，
who was unlikely to appeal to anyone in England.
她不太可能吸引英格兰的任何人。
She's a Catholic, she's educated in France,she's a foreign ruler.
她是天主教♥徒♥，在法国接受教育，她是外国统治者。
So it's a real constitutional crisis
and the Privy Council meet to decide who will be the heir.
所以，这是一场真正的宪法危机，枢密院开会决定，谁将成为继承人。
- What would happen to the Tudor dynasty
if she were to die without one?
-如果她死的时候没有一个继承人，都铎王朝会怎么样?
- No one is quite clear what will happen
and it really hammers home the uncertainties,
-没人知道接，下来会发生什么，这让人们更加清楚地认识到不确定性，
the fact that the stability in England
hangs on the life of just one woman.
事实是，英格兰的稳定，取决于一个女人的生命。
- [Narrator] The monarch must secure
the succession of the house of Tudor.
-[旁白]君主必须确保，都铎王朝的继承。
She knows that she is the last of her siblings.
她知道，她是她最后的同宗兄弟姐妹。
She is the third and final of Henry VIII's surviving children.
她是亨利八世在世的第三个，也是最后一个孩子。
Her advisors think she needs a husband to support her
and an heir to succeed her.
她的顾问认为，她需要一个丈夫来支持她，一个继承人来接替她。
- Elizabeth actually receives a deputation from the House
of Commons not long after she becomes Queen,
-伊丽莎白在成为女王后不久，就接待了公众民♥意♥的代表团，
where they petition her to marry.
他们请求她结婚。
She takes it in very good grace,but she says to them, you know,
她欣然接受了，但她对他们说，
"Since I've been a child,
“从我还是个孩子的时候起，
I have decided that I'm going to remain unmarried
“我就决定，我要保持童真，
and I'm going to be a virgin.
“我要做一个处♥女♥。
I'm gonna reign as a virgin queen".
我将以童真女王的身份，统治世界。”
And it doesn't really cause any stir,
which is surprising, but really,
令人惊讶的是，这并没有引起任何轰动，但实际上，
it's because nobody believed her.
这是因为，没有人相信她。
It was a ridiculous suggestion
that this young girl of 25 would hope to reign as Queen.
这个25岁的年轻女孩，希望成为女王，这是一个荒谬的建议。
Of course, she had to marry.
当然，她必须结婚。
Of course, she had to give England a King.
当然，她必须给英格兰，一个国王。
Her role was to produce heirs to continue the dynasty.
她的职责，是生育继承人，来延续王朝。
- [Dr. Emmerson] I think Elizabeth chose not to marry
for a number of different reasons.
- [埃默森博士] 我认为，伊丽莎白选择不结婚，有很多不同的原因。
I think it began at an early age.
我想，这是从她很小的时候，就开始了。
I think she knew from the example set by firstly her mother,
我想，她首先从她母亲的“榜样”中知道，
and then her stepmother,Catherine Howard,
继而，是从她的继母凯瑟琳.霍华德的遭遇知道，
how vulnerable a Queen could be at the hands of a King.
一个王后，在国王面前是多么得脆弱。
I think this left a psychological imprint on Elizabeth's mind.
我想，这给伊丽莎白，留下了心理印记。
I think the thought of marrying terrified her, quite frankly.
坦率地说，我觉得，“结婚”的念头，吓坏了她。
But also Elizabeth was determined,
但伊丽莎白也下定决心，
perhaps for the first time in her life,
也许，这是她一生中第一次，
to have control over herself and of her kingdom.
要控制自己，和自己的王国。
She had been left incredibly vulnerable
by the downfall of her mother,
由于她母亲的倒台，她变得非常脆弱，
and she had been de-legitimized,
她被剥夺了合法地位，
she had been removed from the succession.
她被排除在继承权之外。
And I think, in a way,
我想，在某种程度上，
Elizabeth wanted to rule without a husband.
伊丽莎白想要，在没有丈夫的情况下统治。
She knew that if she had married,
her husband would automatically have become a King Regnant.
她知道，如果她结婚了，她的丈夫就会自动成为国王。
And Elizabeth wanted control not only of her own destiny,
but that of her kingdom too.
伊丽莎白不仅想掌握自己的命运，还想掌握整个王国的命运。
- Mary Queen of Scots is undoubtedly Elizabeth's rival.
- 苏格兰的玛丽女王，无疑是伊丽莎白的对手。
Mary was born in 1542 and when she was six days old,
she became reigning queen of Scotland.
玛丽出生于1542年，出生6天后，她就成为了苏格兰的女王。
Mary is undoubtedly the biggest threat to Elizabeth,
玛丽，无疑是伊丽莎白最大的威胁，
and this is because of her place in the English succession.
这是因为，她在英格兰王位继承中的地位。
So Mary is effectively her heir.
所以，玛丽实际上是她的继承人。
She is the next hereditary heir to the throne.
她是王位的下一个世袭继承人。
- Mary Queen of Scots was Elizabeth's first cousin
and she had something of a tempestuous rule in Scotland.
- 苏格兰的玛丽女王是伊丽莎白的堂妹，她在苏格兰的统治是相当暴♥乱♥的。
Indeed, she was forced to abdicate her throne
because of her actions.
事实上，由于玛丽的行为，玛丽女王被迫退位。
- [Dr. Norton] After she realized
she couldn't stay in Scotland any longer,
-[诺顿博士] 当玛丽意识到她不能再留在苏格兰后，
Mary fled to England and it was the absolute worst
decision she could have taken
她逃到了英格兰，这绝对是她所能做的最糟糕的决定，
because Elizabeth was the one person
who could never allow Mary to have her freedom.
因为伊丽莎白是唯一一个永远不能让玛丽获得自♥由♥的人。
Because Mary is such a threat to her rule.
因为，玛丽对她的统治构成了威胁。
- [Dr. Emmerson] Elizabeth knew that Mary as a Catholic
-[埃默森博士] 伊丽莎白知道，作为天主教♥徒♥的玛丽，
would become a figurehead
for those who opposed Elizabeth's rule.
会成为那些，反对伊丽莎白统治的人的傀儡。
Indeed, people already thought that
Mary had a more legitimate claim to the English throne.
事实上，人们已经认为，玛丽对英格兰王位，有更合理的要求。
- And this really matters to Elizabeth
because Elizabeth is still legally illegitimate.
-这对伊丽莎白来说很重要，因为伊丽莎白在法律上，还是私生子。
So legally she has no title to her throne
所以从法律上讲，她除了通过议会法案
other than by act of parliament and by her father's will.
和她父亲的遗嘱之外没有王位的继承权。
When Elizabeth hears that
Mary has landed in the north of England,
当伊丽莎白听说，玛丽在英格兰北部登陆时，
she orders that she be placed under house arrest
and Mary remains imprisoned by Elizabeth, for 20 years.
她下令将她软禁起来，玛丽被伊丽莎白囚禁了20年。
The two women never meet.
这两个女人从未见过面。
Mary's desperate come to court to plead her case with Elizabeth
and Elizabeth will not see her.
玛丽绝望地来到朝廷，向伊丽莎白申诉她的情况，但伊丽莎白不愿见她。
Instead, Mary slowly begins to lose hope
相反，玛丽慢慢地开始失去希望，
and she starts plotting against Elizabeth
and there are several plots, at least,
她开始密谋反对伊丽莎白，至少在有几个阴谋中，
that her name is mentioned in
or that she seems to have had direct involvement in.
她的名字被提到了，或者她似乎直接参与了。
- Mary did conspire to overthrow Elizabeth
and to place herself on the English throne.
-玛丽确实，密谋推♥翻♥伊丽莎白，并企图登上英国王位。
- [Dr. Norton] Lastly, of course,she's involved in the Babington plot
where she gives her consent to murder Elizabeth.
-[诺顿博士]最后，当然，她参与了巴宾顿的阴谋，她同意谋杀伊丽莎白。
In many respects, this is a
really sensible policy for Mary,
从很多方面来说，这对玛丽来说都是一个明智的政策，
because actually,were Elizabeth to die,
at any point during Mary's imprisonment,
因为实际上，如果伊丽莎白死了，在玛丽被监禁期间的任何时候，
it's really likely that
Mary would be declared Queen of England.
玛丽都很有可能，被宣布为英格兰女王。
- [Narrator] She knows that there's just one heartbeat
between her and the English throne.
-[旁白] 她知道她离英格兰王位，只有一步之遥。
As her endless imprisonment continues,
随着她被无休止地监禁，
Mary's support for the murder of Elizabeth is evident,
玛丽显然支持谋杀伊丽莎白，
if that would lead to her own liberty
and Catholic domination of England.
如果这能给她自己以自♥由♥，和天主教对英格兰的统治。
Then correspondence is intercepted by Elizabeth's men
that will lead to Mary's demise.
然后，通信被伊丽莎白的人截获，这将导致玛丽的死亡。
The letter reads,
信中写道:
"Let the great plot commence", signed Mary.
“让伟大的密谋开始吧。”玛丽签了字。
- It had been proved without doubt
that Mary had consented to murder Elizabeth.
-毫无疑问，事实证明，玛丽同意谋杀伊丽莎白。
Elizabeth knew that Mary wanted her dead.
伊丽莎白知道玛丽，想让她死。
- [Narrator] In 1586, after being convicted of treason,
-[旁白]1586年，在被判叛国罪后，
having been implicated in the Babington plot,
由于牵涉到巴宾顿阴谋，
Elizabeth could not let the Scottish Queen live.
伊丽莎白不能让苏格兰女王活着。
Knowing that Mary's execution
could spark a war with Catholic Europe,
她知道，玛丽的死刑可能会引发与天主教欧洲的战争，
she reluctantly signs the death warrant.
她不情愿地签署了死刑执行令。
- [Dr. Emmerson] Mary was executed at Fotheringhay Castle
-[埃默森博士] 玛丽在福瑟林盖城♥堡♥被处决，
and her execution sent shock waves throughout Europe,
她的处决，在整个欧洲引起了震动，
not least in Spain.
尤其是在西班牙。
- [Narrator] The execution of Mary Queen of Scots
broke international tensions and the Spanish made a move.
-[旁白] 苏格兰玛丽女王的死刑，打破了国际紧张局势，西班牙人采取了行动。
Spain invades the English-occupied Netherlands,
西班牙入侵英国占领的荷兰，
then turns their enormous fleet of ships
upon the island of Britain.
然后将其庞大的舰队，转向不列颠岛。
The Armada anchored off Calais, readying for attack.
无敌舰队在加莱附近，抛锚集结，准备发起进攻。
- [Dr. Norton] The English were expecting
invasion from Spain, and Philip built a great fleet,
-[诺顿博士] 英国人预料到，西班牙会入侵，腓力还建立了一支庞大的舰队，
the Spanish Armada.
西班牙的无敌舰队。
So Elizabeth goes to her troops at Tilbury
to try and ready her forces.
于是，伊丽莎白回到蒂尔伯里的军队，准备迎战。
- [Dr. Emmerson] Elizabeth really showed her mettle
at a speech that she gave at Tilbury.
-[埃默森博士] 伊丽莎白在蒂尔伯里的一次演讲中，确实表现出了她的勇气。
- [Dr. Norton] She talks about
having the body of a weak and feeble woman,
-[诺顿博士] 她说，她有一个软弱无力的女人的身体，
but having the heart and stomach of a King,
and a King of England.
但有一个国王的心和勇气，一个英格兰的国王。
She really rallies the troops.
她真能把部队召集起来。
She portrays herself as a war leader.
她把自己，描绘成一位战争领袖。
- The Spanish had a much larger fleet
and the odds were stacked against the Queen.
- 而西班牙人有一支更大的舰队，这让女王，处于不利的地位。
But then the weather breaks,storms form and winds blow,
scattering the Spanish fleet.
但后来天气变了，风暴形成，狂风大作，西班牙舰队四散奔逃。
- [Dr. Norton] Her commanders,
-[诺顿博士] 她的指挥官，
Lord Howard of Effingham and Francis Drake,
埃芬厄姆的霍华德勋爵和弗朗西斯·德雷克，