王冠的游戏：都铎家族（2023）

- [埃默森博士] 当玛丽登上王位，
one of her first actions was to finally marry
她做的第一件事就是，结婚，
and she chose for her husband, King Philip II of Spain.
她选择了西班牙国王菲利普二世，作为她的丈夫。
- [Dr. Norton] And it's a really good match for Mary.
-[诺顿博士] 这对玛丽来说，真的很合适。
He is the son of the Holy Roman Emperor,
so one of the most powerful princes in Europe.
他是神圣罗马帝国皇帝的儿子，是欧洲最有权势的王子之一。
And Mary has always been very close to her Spanish relatives
玛丽和她的西班牙亲戚关系，一直很亲密，
and so she is very, very excited by her marriage to Philip.
所以，她对嫁给菲利普，感到非常非常兴奋。
- Mary was desperate to beget a son and heir
to secure her own succession.
-玛丽迫切希望生个儿子和继承人，以确保自己的继承权。
- Unfortunately,it is an incredibly unpopular marriage in England
because in the 16th century,
-不幸的是，这种婚姻，在英国非常不受欢迎，因为在16世纪，
the husband of a Queen, is a King,
王后的丈夫，就是国王，
so whoever Mary marries will become King of England,
所以，无论玛丽嫁给谁，谁都将成为英格兰国王，
and nobody wants a Spanish King.
没人想要西班牙人，做英格兰国王
- [Narrator] Such was the dislike for a foreign man
to sit on the throne of England alongside Mary,
-[旁白]这就是对一个外国人，和玛丽一起，坐在英格兰王位上的厌恶，
rebellion sparks.
叛乱的火花将点燃。
- [Dr. Norton] Early in 1554,
—[诺顿博士] 1554年初，
there is a great rebellion against Mary.
有一场反对玛丽的大叛乱。
It is led by Sir Thomas Wyatt and it begins in Kent.
它由托马斯·怀亚特爵士领导，从肯特郡开始。
- Thomas Wyatt rebels in favor of
Princess Elizabeth ascending to the throne.
-托马斯·怀亚特造♥反♥，支持伊丽莎白公主登上王位。
- [Dr. Norton] Wyatt marches his troops up to London
-[诺顿博士] 怀亚特将他的军队带到了伦敦，
and actually it's really,it's a very, very dangerous
实际上，这对玛丽来说，
situation for Mary and she's urged
to flee her capital by her advisors.
是一个非常、非常危险的局面，她的顾问敦促她，逃离她的首都。
She refuses and actually makes a speech
at the Guild Hall in London
实际上，玛丽拒绝了，她在伦敦的公会大厅里，做了一个演讲,
and it's absolutely the speech of her life
and we can see Elizabeth modeling later speeches on this.
这绝对是她生命攸关的演讲,我们可以看到，伊丽莎白后来也借鉴了这种演讲模式。
Mary talks about being married to her country
玛丽说，她嫁给了她的国家，
and it really rallies the people of London in her support
这让伦敦人♥民♥团结起来支持她，
so that when Wyatt's troops cross the river into London,
所以当怀亚特的军队过河进入伦敦时，
they are met with a substantial army
他们遇到了一支强大的军队，
and they are defeated that day.
那天他们被打败了。
- [Dr. Emmerson] Mary believes that Elizabeth
- [埃默森博士] 玛丽认为伊丽莎白
is part of this conspiracy and arrests her sister,
参与了这场阴谋，于是逮捕了她的妹妹，
imprisoning her in the Tower of London.
并将她囚禁在伦敦塔。
Indeed, it is likely she is held in the very same rooms
that her mother was once held in.
事实上，她很可能被关在，她母亲曾经被关过的，同一间牢房♥里。
This must have been terrifying for Elizabeth.
这对伊丽莎白来说，一定很可怕。
However, Mary ultimately knew that
Elizabeth was her only heir.
然而，玛丽最终知道，伊丽莎白是她唯一的继承人。
There was no one else to succeed her,
so therefore she had no choice but to let Elizabeth go.
没有其他人可以接替她，因此她别无选择，只能释放了伊丽莎白。
- [Narrator] She is desperate for an heir of her own.
-[旁白] 她渴望有自己的继承人。
She learned from her own succession to power
that without an heir all her reformation would be undone.
玛丽从自己的权力继承中了解到，如果没有继承人，她所有的改革，都将付诸东流。
- Mary believed that she came to the throne
with God's favor, that God had supported her,
-玛丽相信，她是在上帝的眷顾下登上王位的，上帝一直支持着她，
so she sees her queenship as divinely inspired.
所以，她认为她的王位，是神圣的。
So it seems only natural
that she will give birth to a Catholic heir to the throne
因此，为了让同父异母的妹妹远离王位，她生下一个天主教的
to keep her half sister away from the crown.
王位继承人，似乎是很自然的。
- Mary was determined to have a son and heir,
-玛丽决心要一个儿子和继承人，
and at one point she believed very much that she was pregnant.
她一度坚信自己怀孕了。
- So she has all the symptoms of pregnancy.
-所以，她有怀孕的所有症状。
The doctors agree.
医生们表示同意。
Everyone is very, very excited
and she makes preparations for the birth.
每个人都非常非常兴奋，她在为孩子的出生做准备。
She then retires for her lying in,
然后她躺在床上，
which is usually about a month before
a woman believes she'll give birth,
然后她就会躺着休息，这通常是在一个女人认为自己会生孩子的一个月前，
and so she waits,and then she waits,
and she waits some more and nothing happens.
所以她就等了又等，一等再等，然而，什么也没发生。
- Tragically, this was a phantom pregnancy
and no children ever came from her marriage to Philip.
-不幸的是，这是一次假怀孕，她和菲利普的婚姻中没有孩子。
- [Narrator] Heartbroken and grieving,
-[旁白]伤心欲裂的玛丽认为
Mary considers her false pregnancy to be God's punishment
她的“假妊娠”，是上帝对她的惩罚，
for her having tolerated heretics in her realm.
惩罚她在统治中，容忍♥异教♥徒♥。
With her husband away at war with France,
此时，她的丈夫外出与法国作战，
the queen's persecution
of Protestants becomes more and more violent.
女王对新教♥徒♥的迫♥害♥，变得越来越暴♥力♥。
To believe in a different God than that of the monarch
was an act of disloyalty,
信仰不同于君主所信仰的上帝，是一种不忠的行为，
so heresy was both a civil and religious offense
which amounted to treason.
因此，异端邪说是一种民事和宗教罪行，相当于叛国。
As a result, many people were arrested,
结果，许多人被逮捕、
imprisoned, and executed,
including the Archbishop of Canterbury,
监禁和处决，其中包括为亨利八世
Thomas Cranmer, who served both Henry VIII and Edward VI.
和爱德华六世服务的坎特伯雷大主教，托马斯·克兰默。
The Archbishop would be one of the thousands
burned at the stake for their faith during Mary's reign.
在玛丽统治期间，大主教将成为，被烧死在火刑柱上的数千人之一。
As a result of these burnings,she gains the name Bloody Mary.
由于这些火刑，她获得了“血腥玛丽”的称号♥。
- [Dr. Norton] By the start of 1558,
- [诺顿博士] 在1558年初，
it is clear that it's only a matter of time
before Elizabeth takes her throne.
很明显，伊丽莎白即位，只是时间问题。
Mary is not going to have a child and her health is declining.
玛丽不打算要孩子了，她的健康状况正在恶化。
- [Dr. Emmerson] Mary has gone down in history
-[埃默森博士]玛丽在历史上
as Bloody Mary, which I think is particularly unkind.
被称为血腥玛丽，我认为，这是特别不友善的。
She was England's first Queen Regnant,
她是英国第一任女王，
who reigned in her own right,
她以自己的权利统治，
so I think it's uniquely unfair
and even misogynistic to land Mary
所以，我认为，给玛丽这个不幸的头衔是非常不公平的，
with this really unfortunate title.
甚至是歧视女性的表现。
- [Narrator] The Bishop of Winchester, John White,
praises Mary at her funeral service.
-[旁白] 温彻斯特主教约翰·怀特在玛丽的葬礼上称赞她。
"She was a King's daughter,she was a King's sister,
“她是国王的女儿，她是国王的妹妹，
she was a King's wife, she was a Queen,
“她是国王的妻子，她是女王，
and by the same title, a King also".
“同样的头衔，她也是国王。”
- [Dr. Emmerson] After only five years on the throne
and having provided no heir, Mary dies in 1558,
-[埃默森博士] 玛丽在位仅5年，没有后嗣，于1558年去世，
leaving her throne begrudgingly
to her Protestant sister, Elizabeth.
不情愿地将王位，留给了她的新教妹妹，伊丽莎白。
- [Dr. Norton] Following her accession at Hatfield,
-[诺顿博士] 在哈特菲尔德登基之后，
Elizabeth makes her way to London.
伊丽莎白去了伦敦。
She's met by cheering crowds.
她受到欢呼的人群的欢迎。
She is Henry VIII's daughter, and in fact,her coronation
portrait is very much reminiscent of her father.
她是亨利八世的女儿，事实上，她的加冕肖像，很像她的父亲。
She's displaying herself as Henry VIII's daughter.
她在展示自己，是亨利八世的女儿。
- [Narrator] Her coronation is set
for 15th of January, 1559, an auspicious day
-[旁白]她的加冕典礼定在1559年1月15日，这个日期
selected by the court astrologer, Dr. John D.
是宫廷占星家约翰·D·约翰博士选定的吉日。
- [Dr. Emmerson] And they hoped that the young Elizabeth
-[埃默森博士] 他们希望年轻的伊丽莎白
would provide more stability,more peace and harmony.
能带来更多的稳定、更多的和平与和谐。
- [Narrator] Elizabeth like her brother before her
-[旁白]伊丽莎白和她之前的弟弟一样，
is zealous in her commitment to the Protestant cause,
对新教事业充满热情，
but she knows from witnessing firsthand
但她亲眼目睹了
the decisions made by her sister, Mary,
她姐姐玛丽所做的
pertaining to religion,that forced conversion
与宗教有关的决定，她知道，强迫皈依
can only end in terror and in bloodshed.
只能以恐怖和流血告终。
- When Elizabeth became Queen,England was a Catholic country.
-伊丽莎白成为女王时，英格兰是一个天主教国家。
And so the question of what the state religion would be
was really on everybody's lips
所以，国教是什么，这个问题，是每个人都关心的问题，
because she was well known to be a Protestant.
因为，她是一个众所周知的新教♥徒♥。
In 1559, she created her religious settlement
1559年，她建立了自己的宗教解决方案，
where she set the state religion and it was a Protestant church.
在这方案里，她设立了国教，这是一个新教教会。
- But when she came to the throne,
she knew that she had to be pragmatic.
-但当她登上王位时，她知道她必须务实。
She knew that she needed to unify her kingdom.
她知道，她需要统一她的王国。
She stated that she had no desire to open windows into men's souls,
她说，她不奢望，去打开人们灵魂的窗户，
and this must have been something of a relief to her kingdom.
这对她的王国来说，一定是一种解脱。
- Elizabeth tried to take something of a compromise approach,
something of a middle way.
伊丽莎白试图采取妥协的方式，走中间路线。
Some Catholics refused to come to church.
一些天主教♥徒♥拒绝去教堂。
And actually, although Elizabeth has this reputation for moderacy,
事实上，尽管伊丽莎白以温和著称，
the penalties against Catholics who wouldn't conform could be
very severe and went all the way up to execution.
但对不守规矩的天主教♥徒♥的惩罚,可能非常严厉，甚至会被处以死刑。
- Elizabeth unfortunately suffered many illnesses
during her early reign,including catching smallpox.
不幸的是，伊丽莎白在她统治的早期，遭受了许多疾病，包括感染天花。
This created great anxiety throughout the country
and not least in her counsel.
这在全国引起了极大的焦虑，尤其是在她的顾问中。
Elizabeth, of course, was unmarried at this point.
当然，伊丽莎白当时还没有结婚。
She had no children, no heir.
她没有孩子，没有继承人。
- [Dr. Norton] Under the laws of succession,
the next in line to the throne was Catherine Grey.
根据继承法，王位的下一位继承人，是凯瑟琳·格雷。
However, she was then a prisoner in the tower
because she had made a secret marriage to the Earl of Hartford,
然而，她当时被关在塔里，因为她与哈特福德伯爵秘密结婚，
and Elizabeth in her anger had invalidated the marriage