追缉汽车大亨：卡洛斯·戈恩（2023）

他令人感觉到可以一齐并肩迈进
You know, he was the sort of man you felt would forge ahead.
米芝莲北美洲主席兼行政总裁卡洛斯戈恩先生
The chairman, CEO and president of Michelin North America, Mr. Carlos Ghosn.
主席先生,欢迎你上节目
Mr. Chairman, welcome to the program.
多谢你的邀请
I'm glad to be here.
他管理米芝莲的往绩彪炳
He had very impressive track record at Michelin.
他在美国促成重大合并计划,转亏为盈
I mean, he had managed a major merger in the US and return to profits.
所以我和我们都相信,很快会扭转局面
So the possibility of a quick turnaround was clear in my mind and in our mind.
很多人说:“你的成功机会率是零”
A lot of people said, "You have zero chance of being successful."
但某程度上,我很开心能够说:“老实讲
But it was very exciting, in a certain way, to say, "You know what?
我有机会证明他们都是错的”
I have the opportunity to prove them all wrong."
于是我跟他说:“我想聘用你”
So I told him, "Well, I want to recruit you."
戈恩说:“非常感谢
And Ghosn said, "Well, thank you very much.
我会加入”
I will come."
不得不提,有一点很有趣
I must mention one point which I found interesting.
法兰斯华米芝莲跟我说“听住,不要完全放手由得他
François Michelin told me, "Look, you should not leave him alone.
每周都要打给他”
You should phone him every week."
我觉得有点意外
And I found that a bit surprising
因为这反映某些东西有点脆弱
because it showed that maybe there was something a bit fragile.
戈恩远胜任何人,我觉得很厉害
Ghosn was in a league of his own, and that fascinated me.
但他亦算是外来人
But he's also kind of an outsider.
他来自亚马逊雨林,生于巴西的僻壤
He's come from the Amazon Rainforest, born in the, like, backwater of Brazil,
其实是叫韦柳港的地方
basically, in a place called Porto Velho,
他的父母都是黎巴嫩人
to Lebanese mum, Lebanese dad.
老实讲,在亚马逊生活艰苦
I mean, it is the Amazon, and it's tough.
(《华尔街日报》巴黎版记者尼克高斯托夫)
所以戈恩在年幼时体弱多病
And so when Ghosn was very young, he had ki-- weak health,
然后他们搬返黎巴嫩
and they moved back to Lebanon.
他年少时去了法国,最终在巴黎读大学
And then as a teenager, he came to France, ended up at a university in Paris.
我觉得自小浸淫不同文化
And I think growing up in these different cultures gave him
给他很大的竞争优势
a huge competitive advantage in,
当时世界已经和持续全球化
you know, a globalized and globalizing world.
这人是得力助手
This man is the right-hand man
扶助雷诺集团主席
to the President of Renault.
卡洛斯戈恩明天开始上班
Carlos Ghosn starts work tomorrow.
卡洛斯戈恩的商业视野是
Carlos Ghosn's vision, first of all,
先要有盈利,一切自然会水到渠成
was you've gotta be profitable and then everything flows from that.
所以他一加入雷诺就即刻节流,而且是大刀阔斧
So he gets to Renault, and he cuts costs, and he does it savagely.
(CNN商业版特约记者,李察奎斯特)
(倒闭之乱)
法国汽车生产商雷诺计划关闭比利时车厂
The French carmaker Renault plans to close a plant in Belgium.
即是逾三千人会失业
The decision means the loss of over 3,000 jobs.
我说:“听住这么多冗员,开支一定沉重
I said, "Look, this plethora of people must cost a fortune.
公♥司♥有甚么优势和弱点?
What are the strengths, and what are the weaknesses?
我们要强化优势,尝试去除弱点
So we can build on our strength and try to erase our weakness."
只是这样
That's all.
他绝对是处事狠辣
He's ruthless. Absolutely.
老实讲,若有公♥司♥要裁减五千个职位
I mean, if the company needs to shed 5,000 jobs,
“很抱歉,多谢大家的辛劳
"Very sorry. Thank you for your work.
好行夹唔送”
Don't let the door hit you on the way out."
卡洛斯戈恩又称
Carlos Ghosn's nickname:
节流之王
le cost cutter.
结果雷诺的业绩逆转
The result is a spectacular turnaround for Renault.
盈利高达
A profit of
二十三亿法郎
2,300,000,000 francs.
妮歌♥- 爸爸
Nicole? - Papa?
妈妈
Maman.
公♥司♥取得巨大的成功
It was an astounding success,
但我还是觉得公♥司♥规模太细
but still, I felt that we were too small,
太偏重于法国市场,我们要国际化
too French, and that we had to internationalize.
所以我们应该有个拍档
Therefore, we should have a partner
它应在不同的市场占有优势
whose strengths were in different markets than ours.
对我们来说,美国企业太贵了
And American companies, they were simply too expensive for us.
但亚洲企业害怕面临破产
But Asian companies afraid of facing bankruptcy,
戈恩应该是看准这个机会
I think that Ghosn saw this as an opportunity.
就是如此简单
Simple as that.
(1999年)
日产汽车,日本最大规模的企业之一
Nissan, one of Japan's biggest corporate names,
录得亏损
has gone into loss.
今天,日产企业...
Today Nissan Corporation...
日产汽车...
Nissan cars...
日产汽车在今天下午3时公布业绩
Nissan Motors released its results at 3pm today.
日本汽车业无疑是
The car industry in Japan is without a doubt
日本最大的骄傲
the biggest source of national pride.
但卡洛斯戈恩在1999年来到时
But when Carlos Ghosn came in 1999,
(《华尔街日报》记者,桑麦宁)
老实讲,日产就像一潭死水
I mean, Nissan was dead in the water.
(欢迎,仙子Z形护板店)
这汽车生产商备受尊崇,但陷入财困亏损
A respected carmaker but troubled and losing money.
老实讲,无人想买♥♥它
I mean, nobody wanted it.
就连以前像派糖那样轻易批出贷款的银行都说
Even the banks that used to lend out money like candy were just like,
“够了,无下次”
"Okay, no more."
但他自信能挽救这间垂死企业
But he believed that he could rescue this basket case of a company.
日产需要注资
Nissan just needed an injection of cash.
所以雷诺决定收♥购♥37%股份
So what Renault decided to do is take a stake in the company of 37%.
但不是直接合并
But instead of straight merger,
它们仍然是两间独♥立♥企业
the two companies remain two companies.
简单来说,他们的决策是
Essentially, what they've decided to do is
建立一个奇怪的架构,关系就像盟友
to create this kind of weird construction-- that was the alliance--
互相支持
and kind of support each other.
其他企业觉得日产风险太大
Other companies considered Nissan too risky.
它持续蚀钱
It was losing money on a continuous basis.
负债累累
It was heavily indebted...
但我有汽车业最强的专家去转亏为盈
but I had the best turnaround expert in the automobile industry.
卡洛斯戈恩
Carlos Ghosn.
我跟他说:“听住,我们应该会成功
I told him, look, "I think we can do it.
若我们失败,你会被炒鱿
If we fail, you will be fired.
我也会被炒鱿”
I will be fired."
对我来说,结盟很成功
For me, the success of this alliance,
我们在1999年签约,成功因素有二
that was signed in 1999, was based on two principles.
明白吗?
Okay?
信任和真诚地合作无间
Trust and sincere, effective collaboration.
若少了其中一样,整趟合作就会毫无意义
And if any one of the two were missing, this whole thing doesn't have any meaning.
(2017至2019年日产前行政总裁,西川广人)
初次听到他的名字时我对他近乎一无所知
When I first heard his name, I didn't know almost anything.
但试想像有个陌生人,忽然重整日产架构
But if you imagine that some stranger suddenly restructuring Nissan,
我相信会令人♥大♥为震惊
it could be a big shock, I think.
我们必须解决公♥司♥的真正问题
And we must address the real problems of the company
毫无妥协的余地
without any compromise.
要作出很多牺牲
It will require a lot of sacrifices...
但我告诉大家
but I'm telling you,
我会给公♥司♥庞大的决心去这样做
I'm feeding a lot of determination into the company to do it.
毫不妥协...
And without any compromise...
卡洛斯戈恩很快遇到文化冲突
For Carlos Ghosn, there was the immediate problem of a culture clash.
事实上,有些效力多年的人我的意思是,用日本的说法
In fact, some of the longtimers-- I mean, in the Japanese parlance,
他们称之为“老臣子”
they would refer to them as the "old boys"--
非常质疑雷诺的企图,当中有些人
were deeply suspicious of Renault's intentions and some of them,
老实讲句,有点讨厌这个外来人
frankly, a little bit resentful of this outsider.
我自知押上了未来和声誉
I knew I was playing on my future and my credibility.
但这是个完全不同的国家,文化截然不同
But then this was it, it was a totally foreign country, different culture.
无先例可鉴,也没有书册可阅
And there was no reference, there was no book,
无人解释我知要点样做
there was nothing explained to you how you do these kind of things.
只能凭想像去做
Just need to imagine and do it.
原尾先生,谢谢
Thank you, Harao - san.
日产的重要数据反映一个事实
The key facts about Nissan point to one reality.
日产业绩欠佳
Nissan is in bad shape.
简单来说,他计划偿清二百亿美元债务
His plan was basically to turn 20 billion in debt
在几年内转亏为盈
into a profit in a couple of years.
老实讲,这是闻所未闻的
I mean, it was unheard of.
这项措施会召集供应商...
This effort will gather suppliers...
他想裁减几万个职位、关闭工厂
He was going to slash tens of thousands of jobs, close factories,
老实讲,此举震惊日本
which frankly was shocking in Japan.
日本是不会炒人或裁员的
You know, people don't get fired or laid off in Japan.
民众的反应是:“哗,太无情了”
The reaction was "Wow, this is brutal."
他来势汹汹