世纪犯罪（2021）

主要将目光聚焦在
It focused on Appalachia
阿巴拉契亚和弗吉尼亚州最西部的狭长地带上
and the westernmost sliver of Virginia
这块儿屯子就像刀子一样
that points like a knife
戳在肯塔基州北部和田纳西州的中心地带之间
between the heartlands of Kentucky and Tennessee.
在圣查尔斯镇
In the town of St. Charles,
Barry Meier了解到了一场
Barry Meier discovered a citizens' crusade
保护当地居民免遭奥施康定
to protect local communities
侵害的起义活动
against the assault of OxyContin （doge)
带头的是一位医生
led by a doctor
名叫Art Van Zee.
named Art Van Zee.
如果你是住在小县城
If you're in a small town,
还正好开了家医院
and you have a hospital practice,
而且干了四十来年的
and you're involved in a lot of things
内科大夫
in internal medicine for 44 years,
你就能做很多
you do get to do a lot of things
对你来说有意义
that are meaningful to you
和回报的事情
and rewarding.
这么多年的行医生涯
How many babies do you suspect
您一共接生过多少孩子？
you delivered in that time?
哎呀俺不不干产科
Oh, I don't deliver babies.
但是我确实看着不少孩子长大
So I've seen a lot of young people grow up,
我也和很多家族几代人有过交集
and I've been involved with multiple generations
照顾他们的身体啊什么的
of some families, you know, in terms of their care,
但是俺这儿没产科
but, yeah-- but we don't deliver babies.
大概是99年，00年吧
It was 1999, 2000
那会儿奥施康定就跟台风一样
when OxyContin really came like a tsunami
冲到我们这了
into the coal fields.
有9%的初一学生
9% of the seventh graders
最起码都试过一次奥施康定
had tried OxyContin at least once
有25%的高二学生也用过
and 25% of the 11th graders.
这就是吗♥啡♥
It's morphine.
就跟嘬吗♥啡♥上头一样
It's being, like, on a morphine high. （小伙你咋知道吗♥啡♥上头啥感觉的）
人都麻了
You're kind of numb.
灵魂得到了解放一样
You're free, and you're like, "Ah,"
但是会浑身痒
but you're itching.
有的时候我二半夜还会被叫走
I was going in after midnight sometimes
去照顾那些因为吸食奥施康定过量
to take care of young people overdosed
不得不上呼吸机的小年轻
on OxyContin, on respirators.
说实话我根本就想象不到会这样
I was really, in many ways, unprepared for this.
这些药都是哪儿来的？
Where were these pills coming from?
哪儿搞不到啊
They're everywhere.
在调查的早期
Early on in the reporting,
就是我们跟踪调查医生
when we were tracking down doctors
还有那些药剂师的时候
and tracking down pharmacists,
我和Art打过电♥话♥
I spoke to Art by phone,
然后我俩就
and we began to chat
聊啊聊的
quite a bit.
普渡对奥施康定的推广模式
He was increasingly freaked out
都快把他气疯了
by how Purdue was marketing the drug.
然后他就把给普渡发的
And he would supply me with
资料转发给我
materials that he had sent to Purdue.
是写着实际情况的
Letters and some emails
信和电子邮件
about what we were seeing.
尊敬的Haddox大夫您好
Dear Dr. Haddox, I'm writing you
我这封信是写给作为普渡首席医疗官的您的
as medical director at Purdue Pharmaceuticals
好为您提供更多的信息
to give you further information.
在过去的两年里
Over the last two years,
我们看到了数量巨大的年轻对
we've seen numerous young people abusing
奥施康定滥用并上瘾
and becoming addicted to OxyContin.
经常性的吸食过量，感染
Frequent overdoses, infections,
囊肿，因注射毒品
abscesses, Hepatitis C
引发的丙肝
related to intravenous drug abuse.
县里有70%的犯罪都和
About 70% of serious crimes in the county
毒品有关
are now drug related.
在缅因州其他的县里也有着类似的情况
Some counties in Maine are experiencing similar problems.
处理这种棘手的
These problems are enormous ones
毒品问题对于我们这种相对落后贫困
for poor rural areas such as ours
缺少资源的
with minimal resources
县镇来说是无比困难的
for dealing with hard-core narcotic addiction.
我很期待能尽快与您能
I would look forward to having a dialogue with you
进一步讨论上述情况
further about this.
您真诚的Art Van Zee.
Sincerely, Art Van Zee.
他们就说他们很担忧
They indicated they were concerned about it.
当普渡给Van Zee大夫回信的时候
When Purdue wrote back to Dr. Van Zee,
信里有两位在普渡任职的
the correspondence included two former FDA officials
前药监局员工
who now work for Purdue.
其中一位还是
One of them was the man
当年推动奥施康定过审的人
who had pushed through the approval of OxyContin,
虽然回信的语气很温和
While the tone was conciliatory,
但是内容却很直白
the message was clear:
普渡才不会去管这些事儿
Purdue wasn't gonna fix the problem.
所以范大夫准备打持久战
So Van Zee dug in for a longer battle.
我更投入了，不只我
I became more involved, but, I mean, it was
整个镇对这个事儿都更上心了
the whole community that was becoming more involved.
我们当时在县高中举办了
We had a community-wide meeting at the high school
一场面向全县的关于
to address and speak to
奥施康定危害的宣讲会
the OxyContin problem.
当时来了有大概八百人
There was something on the order of 800 people
人山人海啊
that--it was an overflow crowd.
说实话以前除了县高中
I mean, you couldn't get 800 people
打进州决赛或者其他类似
in that high school auditorium for any other thing
级别的事儿以外根本就不会
except maybe the high school football state championship
有这么多人来
or something like that.
那次宣讲会之后没多久
Not too long after that, we got a call
Haddox就给我们打电♥话♥了
from Dr. Haddox.
他想和我们见一面
He wanted to know if he could meet with me.
我们一直在积极的引导医生
We've been very actively educating physicians
和其他的相关从业人员
and other healthcare practitioners
树立正确的标准
on appropriate selection criteria
为正确的患者提供合适的药物
to get the right drug to the right patients.
我们在弗吉尼亚州达菲尔德
We met in Duffield, Virginia
某个小旅馆碰面了
at a motel there.
他们想给我们10万美元
They offered us $100,000
去处理之前说的那些问题
to try to deal with-- to deal with the problem.
我们扭头就走
And we just felt, you know, at the time,
因为我们觉得他们不怀好心
that it just kind of been a setup.
我们觉得相比解决问题
We thought it was more of a publicity deal
他们的真正意图更像是
than a real attempt to
那种做公♥关♥
deal with the problems.
我们开始了请求
We started on a petition
药监局召回奥施康定的活动
to ask the FDA to recall OxyContin,
因为这个药造成的伤害和
that it was causing an unordinary amount
痛苦太严重了
of harm and suffering,
没有理由继续销♥售♥它
and that it should be recalled.
普渡药业称去年共花费2600万美元
Purdue Pharma reportedly spent $26 million
在对医生进行奥施康定相关的培训上
last year educating doctors as to the wonders of OxyContin,
但是范大夫觉得这个药被过度推广了
but Art Van Zee believes the drug was overpromoted
而且现在被过度的开给病人
and is now being overprescribed.
奥施康定的销量
They've very heavily marketed
是在以前从来
to the extent that no other
没有出现过的
narcotic has ever been marketed.
范大夫决定
Dr. Van Zee decided
把这个问题捅到国会去
to take the matter to Congress.
毫无疑问，这些国会议员
Surely U.S. senators would be concerned
对这起造成
about a drug epidemic
全国成千上万人丧生的毒品危机
that was costing tens of thousands of lives
非常关注
all over the country.
我实际上挺害怕
I was pretty much terrified
在公众面前
about speaking publicly
在议员面前讲话的
and speaking before the Senate.