了解宇宙是如何运行的（2010）

How the Universe Works S01E03

Part 5 April 18, 2021, 7:56 p.m.

And so you're seeing whole
clusters of these things.
SDSS显示出大规模的银河地理
SDSS is showing galactic
geography on a vast scale.
科学家更进一步
Scientists have taken it even further.
在超级计算机里制♥造♥了整个宇宙
They've built the whole
universe in a super computer.
在这里见不到个别的星系或星系团
Here, you can't see individual galaxies,
you can't even see galaxy clusters.
你见到的是超星系团
What you can see are super clusters
在广大的宇宙网络里连成丝状结构
linked together on filaments
in a vast cosmic web.
当你开始从浩大的宇宙往后退
As one begins to come back from
the whole scale of the universe.
就会见到这些丝状结构
one begins to reveal
a filamentary pattern,
这宇宙网络包含星系和星系团
a cosmic web of containing
galaxies and clusters of galaxies
这些星系燃亮宇宙
that light up the universe
where there's many galaxies
遍布在不同的方向
in that direction as that direction,
as that direction and that direction.
以较大的规模看, 宇宙有点像海绵
And, in fact, on larger scales, the
universe kind of looks like a sponge.
每个丝状结构里有数百万个星系团
Each of the filaments is home
to millions of galaxy clusters,
全部被暗物质束缚在一起
all bound together by dark matter.
在这计算机仿真里
In this computer simulation,
暗物质沿着丝状结构发光
the dark matter glows
along the filaments.
暗物质决定星系在宇宙哪位置形成
Dark matter affects where in
the universe galaxies will form.
当我们观察星系
When we look at galaxies,
就见到它们不是随意地散布的
they're not sprinkled around at random.
它们趋向形成细小的群体
They actually tend to
form in little groups.
这其实反映了暗物质的大规模分布
And that's really reflecting the
large-scale distribution of dark matter.
暗物质是黏合宇宙超级结构的胶水
Dark matter is the glue holding together
the whole superstructure of the universe.
把星系、星系团和超星系团黏起来
It binds galaxies and clusters
and clusters In super clusters.
它们互相被锁紧在丝状结构里
All these are locked together
in a web of filaments.
若没有暗物质
Without dark matter,
宇宙的整个结构就会散开
the whole structure of the
universe would simply fall apart
这是我们的宇宙大观
This is the big picture of our universe.
这是一个巨大的宇宙网络
It's a giant cosmic web.
银河系隐藏在一个丝状结构的深处
And hidden deep in one of these
filaments is the Milky Way.
银河系已存在了差不多120亿年
It's been around for
nearly 12 billion years.
不过在未来
But in the future,
它会在一场巨大的宇宙碰撞中灭亡
it's going to be destroyed in
a gigantic cosmic collision.
星系是庞大的恒星王国
Galaxies are vast kingdoms of stars.
有些是巨球, 有些是复杂的螺旋形
Some are giant balls and
others complex spirals.
最重要是它们永远在变
The thing is, they never stop changing.
我们观察银河系的时候
While it may seem when
we look out at our galaxy
以为它是静止的
that our galaxy is static
以为它一直存在, 其实不是的
and been here forever, it's not.
我们的银河系是一个动态的地方
Our galaxy's a dynamic place.
它的特性在宇宙的时间里一直在变
Its very nature has been
changing over cosmic time.
星系不只会变, 还会移♥动♥
Galaxies not only
change, they move as well.
有时会互相碰撞
And sometimes, they run into each other.
在碰撞下会吞食对方或被吞食
And when they do, it's eat or be eaten.
宇宙是一个星系动物园
There's a zoo of galaxies
that you can find out there.
这个动物园会跟动物园的其它成员
And this entire zoo
can interact or collide
互捐影响或碰撞
with any of the other
members of the 200.
这是NGC-2207
This is NGC-2207.
看起来像一个巨型双螺旋星系
It looks like an enormous
double spiral galaxy.
不过这其实是两个星系在碰撞中
But it's actually two
galaxies colliding.
碰撞持续几百万年
The collision will
last millions of years.
到了最后, 两个星系会变成一个
And eventually, the two
galaxies will become one.
这种碰撞在宇宙里无处不在
Collisions like this happen
all over the universe.
我们的银河系也不例外
Our own Milky Way is no exception.
事实上, 银河系是吞食同类的动物
The Milky Way is, in fact, a cannibal
目前存在的形态…
And it exists in its present form
就是在吞食其它小星系下形成的
by having cannibalised small
galaxies that it literally ate up.
今日我们仍能见到细小的星河
And today, we can see
small streams of stars
那是在吞食下形成银河系的时候
that are left over from
the most recent mergers
遗留下来的痕迹
that have formed the Milky Way galaxy.
不过跟即将发生的事相比却差得远
But that's nothing compared
to what's coming up.
我们将会跟仙女座星系碰撞
We are on a collision course
with the galaxy Andromeda.
对银河系来说, 这是坏消息
And for the Milky Way, that's bad news.
银河系正在以时速大约25万英里
Our Milky Way galaxy is
approaching Andromeda...
撞向仙女座
at the rate of about a quarter
of a million miles per hour.
那就是说在50至60亿年后
Which means that in five
to six billion years,
银河系会消失
it's all over for the Milky Way galaxy.
整个仙女座正在向我们高速飞过来
You would see the entire Andromeda
galaxy speeding towards us,
直撞向我们
really barrelling straight into us.
两个星系互相影响下
As the two galaxies interact
两者都越来越受扰乱且越来越接近
they both become more and more
disturbed and closer and closer together.
这过程开始迅速加快
And the whole process
starts to snowball.
两个星系会展开一场死亡舞蹈
The two galaxies will
enter a death dance.
这是加速了几百万倍下的模拟碰撞
This is a simulation of the future
collision sped up millions of times.
两个星系碰撞
As the galaxies crash together,
气体和尘埃云从四方八面喷射出来
clouds of gas and dust are
thrown out in all directions.
两个星系结合下的引力
Gravity from the merging galaxies
把恒星扯离轨道
rips stars from their orbits
抛进深太空里
and shoots them deep into space.
随着银河系的末日♥逼♥近
As we approach doomsday
for the Milky Way galaxy,
场面会很壮观
it would be spectacular.
我们坐在最前排目击银河系的灭亡
We would have a front row seat on
the destruction of our own galaxy.
最后, 两个星系会穿过对方
Eventually, the two galaxies
will go right through each other
然后退后, 合为一体
and then come back and then coalesce.
奇怪的是恒星不会碰撞
It's strange but the stars
themselves won't collide.
因为它们相隔很远
They're still too far apart.
所有恒星都会互相擦过对方
All the stars are basically just
gonna pass right by each other.
一颗恒星撞向另一颗恒星的可能性
The probability of one individual
star hitting another individual star
基本上是零
are basically zero.
不过恒星之间的气体和尘埃被加热
However, the gas and dust between
the stars will start to heat up.
最后会燃烧
Eventually, it ignites
两个碰撞的星系日发炽热的光芒
and the clashing galaxies
will glow white---hot
所以在某个时候, 天空或会着火
So at a certain point,
the sky could be on fire.
我们认识的银河系和仙女座会消失
The Milky Way and Andromeda, as
we know it, will cease to exist
一个面貌全新的银河仙女系诞生
And Milkomeda will be born and it
will look like a whole new galaxy.
这新的银河仙女星系
This new galaxy, Milkomeda,
会是一个巨大的椭圆星系
will become a huge elliptical galaxy
没手臂或螺旋形状
without any arms or spiral shape.
要发生的事无法避免
There's no escaping
what's going to happen.
问题是地球会怎样?
The question is, what's