了解宇宙是如何运行的（2010）

How the Universe Works S01E01

Part 4 April 18, 2021, 7:55 p.m.

It's like people.
若赶着要去火车站坐火车
If they're excited and running around
fast to catch trains at a train station,
他们会急步走
they'll be moving around quickly.
但最终都会平静下来, 脚步转慢
But eventually, they
calm down and get slower.
我们的宇宙也是这样
That's what's been happening
to our universe in a sense.
分子极速移♥动♥, 到宇宙渐渐冷却
The particles were moving around very
fast. And as the universe cools down,
粒子便放慢速度, 没那么杂乱无章
the particles move more slowly
and in some sense, less randomly.
当宇宙渐渐冷却
As the universe cools,
粒子停止转化为能量
the particles stop
changing back into energy.
亚原子粒子数目上升
Now, there are more and
more subatomic particles,
但宇宙依然灼热非常, 狂暴不堪
but it's still a hot, violent place.
整个过程发生得太快, 难以观测
All this is happening in fractions
of a second too small to detect.
此时, 大爆♥炸♥进入了关键性阶段
But the big bang is moving
into a critical stage now.
物质与一样东西展开大战
A titanic battle between matter
宇宙可能未形成就被破坏
and the one thing that
can destroy the universe
那种东西是反物质
before it even gets started: antimatter.
宇宙万物都是由物质组成
Everything in the universe
is made from matter,
从最小的石子到最大的星球皆然
from the smallest rock
to the largest star,
而宇宙间所有物质
And all the matter there will ever be
都由大爆♥炸♥产生的纯能量制♥造♥出来
was created from the pure
energy of the big bang.
爱因斯坦的E=mc2方程式
Einstein's equation, E=mc2
指的是能量会转化为物质
says that energy transforms into matter.
但它毕竟只是理论
But it was just a theory.
到了今日, 科学家可以加以验证
Today, science is able
to test that theory.
这是欧洲核子研究组织, 位于瑞士
This is CERN, in Switzerland,
全世界最大的机器就在这儿
home to the world's largest machine.
它大如一座城市
It's the size of a city
其功能是重造大爆♥炸♥发生后…
and engineered to
recreate the conditions
数百万分之一秒的环境
millionths of a second
after the big bang.
如果想窥探细小的规模
If we wanna probe
ever-smaller scales...
反常地
paradoxically
我们需要一部巨型机器
we need an ever-bigger machine.
没有其它方法
There's just no other way of doing it
用大机器做小物理实验
So big machines means small physics,
研究太初
means early times
可以愈来愈接近宇宙起源
and therefore getting closer and closer
to the origin of the universe itself.
这部巨型机器称为撞击器
This monster machine
is called a collider.
它可以带我们回到大爆♥炸♥后一瞬间
It's designed to take us back to those first
fractions of a second after the big bang.

１２呎宽的水泥圆形隧♥道♥，全长１７哩
It's a 12-foot wide concrete-lined
circular tunnel 17 miles around.
粒子在撞击器里以接近光速…
The collider makes tiny particles
of matter smash into each other
互相撞击
at almost the speed of light.
电光火石之间
For a split second,
撞击产生强劲能量
those collisions generate
turbo-charged energy
与大爆♥炸♥产生的爆♥炸♥力相若
similar to the explosive
force of the big bang.
然后, 纯能量迅速转化为物质
And then, that pure energy
briefly transforms into matter
就和140亿年前一样
just like it did nearly
14 billion years ago.
但庞大机器需要庞大的探测器
But a monster machine
needs a monster detector
观察撞击
to see these collisions.
探测器高五层楼
This detector is five storeys tall,
重7000吨♥
and weighs over 7,000 tons,
7000吨♥是多少
and 7.000 tons,
给大家一个概念
to give you a sense of perspective
相当于艾菲尔铁塔的重量
is the weight of the Eiffel Tower.
虽然探测器硕大无朋
But as big as it is,
但我们看不到新物质的粒子
it can't see the actual
particles of new matter.
它们稍现即逝, 而且活动飞快
They hang around for just a
split second and move so fast,
探测器只能记录其路径
it can only record their trails.
粒子含极高能量, 活动飞快
There's a lot of energy in these
particles. They move very, very quickly,
因此需要非常强劲的探测器
so you need a very
large amount of detector
才能准确记录粒子的活动路径
in order to be able to, to map the, the
path of these particles very precisely.
探测器阵容庞大
So the detector's so big
因为需要更佳分辨率
because you need better resolution.
其运作和摄影机相同
It works exactly the same as a camera.
像素愈高, 图像愈清晰
The more pixels you have,
the better the picture.
探测器亦一样, 这摄影机高五层楼
It's exactly the same here. We
just have a five-storey camera.
科学家希望它揭示出…
Scientists hope that it will reveal
能量如何转化成物质
just how energy transforms into matter.
但并非任何一种物质
But not just any matter,
而是140亿年前太初之时…
the kind of matter that
emerged 14 billion years ago
出现的那些
at the dawn of time itself.
太初是宇宙诞生的关键一刻
But the dawn of time was a critical
moment in the birth of the universe,
因为纯能量亦制♥造♥出…
because pure energy also produced
宇宙一种非常危险的东西
one of the most dangerous
things in the universe:
反物质
antimatter.
对, 反物质, 它确实存在
That's right, antimatter. It's real.
反物质是普通物质的反照
Antimatter is the mirror
image of ordinary matter
但物质是一个极, 反物质是另一极
However, matter has one charge and
antimatter has the opposite charge.
如果反物质中有一个反我
If there was an anti-me
made out of antimatter,
原则上, 那个我可以和我外表一样
that person, in principle,
could look exactly like me,
性格一样, 百分百相同
same personality
quirks, same everything,
当然, 除了我想和他握手
except, of course, when I
decide to shake his hand.
这时候, 我们会在大型核爆中
At that point, we both would
blow ourselves to smithereens
炸得粉碎
in a gigantic nuclear explosion.
带正极的物质与带负极的宿敌…
Matter, with a positive charge,
locks horns with its arch enemy,
反物质展开角力
antimatter, with a negative charge.
宇宙的存留系于这场大战
The fate of the universe hangs in
the balance of this epic battle.
同数量的物质和反物质会互相抵消
Equal amounts of matter and
antimatter will cancel each other out.
这就不妙
Not good.
物质与反物质数量相同的宇宙
A universe with equal amounts
of matter and antimatter
等于一个没有物质的宇宙
is equivalent to a universe
with no matter at all,
物质与反物质彼此抵消, 变回辐射
because the matter and antimatter will
annihilate back into pure radiation,
宇宙变得很没趣, 无人无星无银河
and there'll be nothing interesting, no
stars and galaxies and people in between.
一如玩风险战争太空版
Like a cosmic game of risk,
阵容较鼎盛的一方会赢
the side with the most soldiers wins.
分数非常接近, 但只有一方胜出
The score was very close,
but there was a winner.
这一方有十亿个反物质粒子
For every billion
particles of antimatter,
另一方有十亿零一个物质粒子
there were a billion and
one particles of matter.
那就是天地出现的一刻
That was the moment of creation,
多出一个粒子的一方可以存留
the one extra particle of matter
in each little volume survives,
并足以形成今天星际银河里的万物
survives enough to form all the matter
we see in the stars and galaxies today.
十亿中的一个似乎微不足道
One in a billion might
not sound like much,
但那一个足以制♥造♥出整个宇宙