了解宇宙是如何运行的（2010）

How the Universe Works S01E01

Part 5 April 18, 2021, 7:55 p.m.

but it's enough to build a universe.
我们是残余
We're the leftovers.
信不信由你, 你身边的一切
So believe it or not,
everything you see around you,
你身体的原子, 星球的原子
the atoms of your body,
the atoms of the stars,
都只不过是残余
are nothing but leftovers,
远古时代物质与反物质撞击的残余
leftovers from this ancient collision
between matter and antimatter.
我们很幸运, 因为宇宙有足够残余
Lucky for us, there was enough left over
制♥造♥出所有星球和行星
to make all the stars and planets.
宇宙的岁数至今仍不足一秒
And the universe is still
less than one second old.
但已充满细小的原始粒子
But now, it's swarming with
tiny, primitive particles.
下一步是粒子组成第一批原子
The next stage is assembling those
tiny particles into the first atoms.
在二至三个普朗克时间误差之下
Give or take a couple of Planck times,
宇宙岁数接近一秒, 但依然奇特
the universe is nearly a second
old and still a very strange place.
但物质打败了反物质
But matter has won the
battle with antimatter.
现在是时候建造宇宙了
And now, it's time
to build the universe.
此时宇宙仍很灼热, 而且急促膨胀
It's still extremely hot and
expanding incredibly fast.
当宇宙形成了一秒
When the universe was a second old,
里面的粒子与现时的粒子截然不同
the particles in it were very different
than the particles we see today.
当时尚未有原子
There were no atoms.
今天我们在房♥间里所见的一切
Nothing that we recognise in the room
在当时都不存在
around us today yet existed.
此时, 改变开始出现
Now, all that begins to change.
温度渐渐下降
Temperatures continue to cool.
原始粒子活动减慢
And as the primitive
particles keep slowing down,
并开始结合成第一批元素的原子
they start bonding together to form
the atoms of the first elements.
首先组成的是氢
The first one to form is hydrogen.
然后, 在接下来的三分钟
Then, over the next three minutes,
宇宙开始制♥造♥多两种元素
the universe begins to
create two more elements:
氦和锂
helium and lithium.
宇宙由起初极度细小
We went from a universe
that was infinitely small
变成要用光年来计算大小
to a universe that was
light-years in size.
头三分钟里, 所有奇异的宇宙现象
In the first three minutes,
essentially everything interesting
都出现了
that was going to happen
in the universe happened.
不是这样, 即使你在场亦看不到
Well, not quite. If you were
there, you couldn't see it.
当我们仰望夜空
When we look at the night sky,
可以望到数十亿光年前的过去
we can see literally billions
of years into the past,
心里想: 太空一直是如此模样
and we think, "It's
always been that way."
其实不然
Nope, not true.
大爆♥炸♥发生…
Three hundred eighty thousand years
38万年之后
after the big bang,
宇宙才开始变得清澈
that's when the universe
began to become transparent,
之前, 它本来是一片浑浊
but before then, it was milky.
当时宇宙是充满疏离电子的浑水
There is a milky soup
of loose electrons.
年轻宇宙冷却后电子才会放慢活动
The young universe has to cool down
enough for the electrons to slow down
粘着新生原子
and stick to new atoms.
氢、氦和锂, 需要许多时间
It took a long time for all the
hydrogen, helium, and lithium atoms
才能在宇宙中形成
in the universe to form.
科学家算出, 需要38万年
Scientists calculate
it took 380,000 years
电子活动才够慢
for the electrons to slow down enough
宇宙可以开始大量制♥造♥原子
so that the universe could
start mass-producing atoms.
那时, 浑浊的云才开始消散
When that happens, the milky fog clears.
第一道光照遍宇宙
The first light escapes and
races across the universe.
大约140亿年之后
Nearly 14 billion years later,
新泽西两名年轻科学家
two young scientists in New Jersey
无意中发现到它
pick it up by accident.
196♥4♥年, 阿诺庞西斯和罗拔威尔逊
In 196♥4♥, Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson
正在记录我们银河系的无线电波
were mapping radio
signals across our galaxy.
他们听到背后有一种奇怪的闷响
Everywhere they looked, they
picked up a strange background hum.
他们起初怀疑是天线上有白鸽粪
They first suspected their equipment,
maybe pigeon droppings on the antenna,
所以出现古怪讯号♥
were causing the strange signal.
但清洁过后闷响仍在
But after cleaning the antenna,
the mysterious hum remained.
证明不是鸽粪造成
So much for pigeon toppings.
后来庞西斯在普林斯顿大学演讲
Penzias delivered a talk
at Princeton University,
据说一名后排听众说:
and according to lore, one
person in the back said,
你要么发现到鸟粪的影响
"Either you have discovered
the effects of bird-droppings,
要么发现到宇宙形成的一刻
or the creation of the universe/'
那确实是宇宙形成的一刻
It was, in fact, the moment of creation,
大约140亿年前
nearly 14 billion years ago,
第一批原子与电子结合的时候
when those first atoms
got their electrons.
那时, 浑浊的云逐渐消散
That's the moment when
the milky cloud clears
新宇宙第一次露出庐山
and the new universe comes
into view for the first time.
为了更清晰的拍下这关键事件
To capture better images
of this critical event,
美国太空总署发射…
NASA launched the
宇宙背景探测卫星, 即COBE
Cosmic Background
Explorer satellite or COBE.
他们用它探测太空里的温度
They pointed it out into space where
it took the temperature of the universe.
量度过太空各处的温差
By measuring differences
in temperature across space,
绘制出第一张太初宇宙的地图
they created the first
map of our early universe.
这幅画名为「上帝的面孔」
The images were called
"The Face of God."
我们拍得38万岁初生宇宙的…
We got gorgeous pictures, baby
pictures of the infant universe
精彩照片
when it was 380,000 years of age.
可是美中不足
But there were problems with it
照片影像模糊
The picture was very fuzzy.
COBE的探测结果不理想
The COBE results were
simply not good enough.

己点火，情况理想升空
- We have ignition. Looking good.
- Lift off.
太空总署于是发射更先进的卫星
So NASA launched an even
more advanced satellite,
WMAP
WMAP,
威尔金森微波各向异性探测器
the Wilkinson Microwave
Anisotropy Probe.
好了
All right
2001年, 戴维薛柏葛谏属的团队
In 2001, David Spergel
was part of the team
专责寻找更清晰的太初宇宙影像
looking for a clearer
image of the early universe.
我很兴奋可以去卡纳维拉尔角
It was exciting to go to the Cape.
那一刻
It was one of these moments
我们坐在一起看发射
where we're sitting there watching this.
我和家人一起
I was there with my family,
观看火箭升空
watching the rocket go off.
非常兴奋, 大约一天之内
And it was very exciting
when, within about a day,
便可以收到第一张卫星影像
we were able to get our first
signal from the satellite
知道卫星操作顺利正常
and know it was working,
and working properly.
这是史上最详细的太初宇宙照片
This is the most detailed picture
of the early universe ever taken,
在大爆♥炸♥38万年之后拍的
just 380,000 years after the big bang.
红色和黄色的区域比较热
The red and yellow areas are warmer.
蓝色和绿色则比较冷
The blue and green regions, cooler.
温差是将来宇宙结构的线索