了解宇宙是如何运行的（2010）

How the Universe Works S01E02

Part 1 April 18, 2021, 7:55 p.m.

宇宙里有非常巨大的东西
The universe is home to real monsters.
虽然看不到, 但我们知道它们存在
We can't see them, but
we know they're out there.
黑洞是最大, 最强, 最恐怖的物体
You really can't get anything bigger or
stronger or scarier than a black hole.
黑洞会吞噬任何靠近它的物体
Black holes consume planets and stars,
包括行星和恒星
anything that gets too close.
黑洞令物理学家头痛不已
Black holes give physicists
no end of headaches,
因为它们打破所有规律
because they break all the rules.
但它们主宰宇宙的一切
But they rule the universe.
它们是核心
They are centre stage.
我们现在知道黑洞主导宇宙的进化
We now know they dominate the
evolution of the universe itself.
解读宇宙
How the Universe Works
第1季第2集：黑洞
Black Holes
黑洞是宇宙中最神秘的物体
Black holes are the most
mysterious objects in our universe.
它们的引力是无法抗拒的
Their gravity is absolute.
任何物体都无法逃脱
Nothing can escape.
它们可以吞噬整个星系
They can suck in whole galaxies.
黑洞曾是科幻小说的情节
Black holes used to be science fiction.
但现在我们知道它们确实存在
Now we know they're real.
当我还是博士生的时候
When I was a PhD student,
人们听到关于黑洞的言论会偷笑
people used to giggle when
you hear about black holes.
它们像独角兽或神话的怪兽
"They're like unicorns,
mythical creatures."
我们把黑洞当做笑料
We called this the giggle factor.
人们会说: 把我传送上去, 史葛
People would say, "Beam me up, Scotty."
现在没人再把这当笑话了
Well, no one is laughing anymore.
它们不再是科幻小说的情节
So they're not science fiction.
即使我们从未遇到过黑洞
Even though we've never landed on one,
但有证据证明它们真实存在
we have enough evidence to know
that they're really out there.
这影像对你我而言似乎意义不大
This image might not look
like much to you and me,
但科学家认为是黑洞存在的明证
but to a scientist its
proof that black holes exist.
它记录了黑洞吞噬天鹰座…
It's an actual movie of a black hole
某个恒星的情景
devouring a star in the
constellation of Aquila.
黑洞喜欢狼吞虎咽
Black holes are messy eaters.
你们见到的红点
The red spots you see are gas
就是黑洞吐出来的气体
that's being spit out
of the hole into space.
一百万年后这颗恒星会被完全吞噬
Eventually, over the next million years,
this star will be eaten alive and disappear.
黑洞是万物的终点
A black hole is pretty much...
the endpoint of everything.
恒星的终点, 物质的终点
It's the endpoint of a star,
it's the endpoint of matter,
能量的终点, 引力的终点
it's the endpoint of energy,
it's the endpoint of gravity.
它们是至高无上
I mean, that's really it.
That's the top of the scale.
虽然黑洞有无穷的破坏力
Although they have the power to destroy
like nothing else in the universe,
但它们也促进了星系的形成
black holes also help build galaxies.
它们是宇宙中不可或缺部分
A vital part of the
great cosmic machine,
一些天文学家认为它们甚至可能是
some astronomers think they could
通往平行宇宙的门户
even be gateways to parallel universes.
我们正进入黑洞物理研究黄金时代
We are now entering the golden age
of research in black hole physics.
黑洞可能成为了解宇宙诞生…
They could be the key to understanding
the birth of the universe,
形成和衰亡的关键
its formation, and then its death.
黑洞可以说代表现代天文学的前沿
Black holes really represent, in one
sense, the frontier of modern astronomy.
它们正在改变我们对星系如何形成
They're changing our ideas
about how galaxies form
和宇宙如何运作的认识
and indeed how the universe works.
黑洞的力量来自最原始的力量之一
Their power comes from one of
the primary forces in nature:
引力
gravity.
我教的是天文学
1 teach astronomy,
我们教学生引力最基本的原理就是
and we teach our students that the
fundamental principle of gravity is:
它会吸引
"gravity sucks."
引力使我们能够站在地面上
Gravity keeps our feet on the ground
使行星绕着太阳运行
and our planet orbiting around the sun.
但黑洞的引力强大无比
But in a black hole, the force
of gravity is off the charts,
能够吸入周围一切物质
so strong it sucks in anything nearby.
它甚至能使遥远恒星的光线弯曲
It can even bend the
light from distant stars.
若光线靠得太近将会被黑洞吞噬
And if that light gets too
close, the black hole swallows it.
打一个比喻来解释
Think of it like this:
把黑洞想象成瀑布
Imagine a black hole as a waterfall.
引力就是流向瀑布的河流
Gravity is the river
flowing toward the falls,
光线是一个皮筏
and a beam of light, the kayak.
在河流上游, 水流较缓
Upriver from the waterfall,
the current is weak.
皮筏可以轻易逆流而上
The kayaker can paddle
against it and get away.
但在接近瀑布地方水流变得湍急
But closer to the waterfall,
the current is stronger
皮筏要想逃脱必须奋力挣扎
and the kayaker struggles to escape.
瀑布顶端就像黑洞边缘
The edge of the waterfall is
like the edge of a black hole.
无论皮筏如何挣扎都只能冲下去
No matter how strong the
kayaker is, he's going down.
在太空也是这个道理
It's the same in space.
黑洞具有毁灭性力量是因为…
The way black holes are really devastating
is because when you get close to them,
当你靠近它们时引力会变得巨大
the gravity gets super strong.
强大到可以吞噬光线
So strong that they eat light.
这就是黑洞漆黑一片的原因
That's why black holes are black.
黑洞就像蟑螂酒店, 有入无出
A black hole is like a roach motel:
everything checks in, nothing checks out.
靠得太近的物质都注定要灭亡
Anything that gets too close is doomed:
包括行星, 恒星, 甚至整个太阳系
planets, stars, even
whole solar systems.
不要以为黑洞遥不可及
And don't think this is
some far away phenomenon.
其实它就在我们附近
Black holes are on the loose right
here in our own cosmic neighbourhood.
我们知道它们在银河系中游荡
We now know they are wandering nomads
throughout the Milky Way galaxy,
在星系到处流浪
vagabonds throughout the galaxy
黑洞可能突然出现在你身后
where black holes can
come up right behind you
将你吞噬后连饱嗝都不打一个
and perhaps gobble you up;
and they won't even burp.
若有黑洞靠近你, 当心
If one ever comes close, watch out.
若一个黑洞进入我们太阳系
If a black hole found its
way into our solar system,
它会把我们撕成碎片
it would rip us apart.
任何能够穿过太阳系的黑洞
Any kind of black hole that could
pass through the solar system
都会以比太阳更大的引力吸引行星
would be pulling on all the
planets harder than the sun does,
因此会完全摧毁太阳系的引力平衡
and so it's just gonna totally disrupt the
gravitational balance of the solar system.
黑洞会将行星从各自的轨道上拉开
The black hole would literally
tear planets from their orbits
令行星互相碰撞
and smash them into each other.
这是大灾难, 像公牛闯进瓷器店
It's just an epic disaster.
It's a bull in a China shop.
若它们离开行星够近, 譬如木星
If it got close enough to say, Jupiter,
黑洞会将木星所有卫星扯离木星
it could actually pull the moons of
Jupiter away from the planet itself.
当黑洞穿越太阳系时会把行星猛抛
It would just be flinging
planets left and right everywhere
所经之处一片狼藉
as it whipped through the solar
system, leaving disaster in its wake.
若黑洞接近地球
If a black hole approached Earth,
它的引力会把小行星扯离轨道
all that gravity would rip
asteroids from their orbits
向我们地球投掷过来
and hurl them toward our planet.
地球表面将会变成地狱
The Earth's surface
would become an inferno.
末日随之降临
It would be the beginning of the end.