了解宇宙是如何运行的（2010）

How the Universe Works S01E01

Part 6 April 18, 2021, 7:55 p.m.

And those temperature differences are clues
to the future structure of the universe.
可见到有微量温差
You see tiny variations in temperature.
微小温差反映出密度上有细微差别
Those tiny variations in temperature
reflect small variations in density.
这区物质比较多, 这区比较少
This region has more matter.
This region has less matter.
这图像好比建设我们宇宙的蓝图
Like a blueprint for the
construction of our universe,
显示不同区域物质的多寡
this image shows us where there's
more matter and where there's less.
没有物质的区域会变得空空如也
Regions with no matter
will become empty space.
物质密度较高的地方
Areas with denser matter will
become the construction sites
会有银河系、星球和行球诞生
of galaxies, stars and planets.
这些波动会增长, 最后成为银河系
These are the fluctuations
that will grow to form galaxies.
如果不是密度有微小波动
So if it wasn't for those
little density fluctuations,
今天便没有你和我
you and I would not be here today.
我们的宇宙已经38万岁
Our universe is now 380,000 years old,
宽度更达万万亿哩
and trillions and
trillions of miles across.
氢气云和氦气浮于空间里
Clouds of hydrogen and helium
gas float through space.
要再过2亿年这些气体才变成星球
It will take another 200 million years
before those gasses create the first stars.
第一批星球的光照亮宇宙
First stars ignited the universe
当时的情景
into what must have been
一定如放烟花般灿烂
the most amazing fireworks.
宇宙从黑暗时代走向灿烂世纪
The universe went from the
Dark Ages to an age of splendour
第一批星球把气体照亮
when the first stars illuminated the gas
宇宙变得五光十色
and the universe began to
glow in majestic fashion.
如果当时我活着就好了!
I wish I'd been there.
就像圣诞树亮灯一样
It was like Christmas
tree lights turning on.
宇宙各方开始发亮
The universe began to
light up in all directions
最后形成今天这幅华丽的马赛克
until you formed the beautiful
mosaic we now see today.
愈来愈多星球绽放光华
More and more stars turn on.
大爆♥炸♥10亿年后第一个银河系形成
One billion years after the big
bang, the first galaxy forms.
往后80亿年, 有无数个银河系成形
Over the next eight billion
years, countless more take shape.
然后, 大约50亿年前
Then, about five billion years ago,
在其中一个银河系的宁静角落
in a quiet corner of
one of those galaxies,
地心吸力开始吸引微尘与气体
gravity begins to draw in dust and gas.
渐渐地, 微尘气体积聚起来
Gradually, they clump together
形成一个星球: 我们的太阳
and give birth to a star: our sun.
大爆♥炸♥发生90亿年后
Nine billion years after the big bang,
我们的小小银河系开始出现生命
our tiny solar system springs to life,
地球亦随之诞生
and with it, planet Earth.
天地万象, 皆源于大爆♥炸♥那一刻
Everything there is exists
because of the big bang,
而大爆♥炸♥仍在持续
and it's still going on.
我们的宇宙正不断膨胀
Our universe is still expanding.
但不会了无止境
But it won't just keep going forever.
我们的宇宙有开始, 亦有终结
Our universe had a beginning
and it will also have an end.
大爆♥炸♥发生140亿年后, 银河形成
In the 14 billion years since the
big bang, galaxies have been created.
当中满是星球、行星和月亮
Filled with stars, planets and moons,
期间宇宙仍不断膨胀
and the universe has been
expanding the whole time.
我们已经知道太空广袤浩瀚
We've learned space is quite big,
宽度至少1500亿光年
at least 150 billion
light-years across.
宇宙可能无垠无尽, 甚至永恒不灭
The universe may be infinite.
It might literally go on forever.
一切都不是必然的
The answer is there
doesn't have to be anything.
按原则, 宇宙可以无垠无尽
In principle, the
universe could be infinite
可以没有内外之分
and there's no outside,
又或者自成一体
or it could be closed on itself.
如果我朝那方向一直望过去
It could be such that if I looked
far enough in that direction,
可能会看到我的后脑勺
I'd see the back of my head.
虽然我们不知道大爆♥炸♥产生的宇宙
We may never know if the
big bang produced a universe
会不会永恒不灭
that goes on forever.
但我们知道大爆♥炸♥尚未告一段落
But we do know that the
big bang hasn't stopped yet.
直到如今大爆♥炸♥仍在进行
The big bang is really continuing now.
宇宙继续爆♥炸♥, 可以这样说
We're continuing to bang, if you want,
宇宙正在不停膨胀
in the sense that the expansion
of the universe is continuing.
过去数年最惊人的发现是
One of the most astounding
discoveries in the last few years
我们的宇宙并没有放慢膨胀
has been the realisation that
our universe is not slowing down,
事实与我们的想法背道而驰
like we once thought,
相反, 它正在加速膨胀
but is actually speeding
up, it's accelerating.
换了逃跑模式
It's in a runaway mode.
我们现在相信宇宙有一种叫暗能量
We now believe there's
something called dark energy,
即虚无的能量
the energy of nothing,
它撕裂银河系, 正在扼杀宇宙
that is pushing the galaxies apart
and it's killing the universe.
我们看不到这股破坏力量
We can't see this destructive force
亦不明白它为何存在
and we have no idea why it exists.
但天地万物可能会因它而灰飞烟灭
But it could mean the end of
everything created in the big bang.
若暗能量继续撕裂宇宙
If dark energy continues
pushing the universe apart,
我们的银河系势必变成孤独前哨
our Milky Way galaxy could
become a lonely outpost.
1000亿年之后
A hundred billion years from now,
我们会看不见大部分毗邻的星体
most of our galactic
neighbours will be out of sight.
星球燃烧净尽
Stars will burn out
众银河变得暗淡
Galaxies will grow dark.
即使原子亦被撕裂
Even atoms will tear apart.
造出宇宙的大爆♥炸♥会在瞬间终止
The birth of the universe, the
big bang, was over in a flash.
但我们宇宙之死将会发生得很慢
But the death of our universe
will take almost forever.
伟大的西方哲学家
That great philosopher
of the Western world,
活地亚伦说过:
Woody Allen, once said,
永恒未免太长
"Eternity is an awful long time,
特别是当来到最后
especially toward the end."
宇宙终结和大爆♥炸♥同样是个谜
Figuring out how our universe will end
is as dark a mystery as the big bang.
宇宙可能会像汽球漏气, 逐渐塌缩
It could collapse back in on itself,
like a balloon when the air is let out.
宇宙究竟会在另一次爆♥炸♥中消失
So would the universe
end with a big crunch,
结果与大爆♥炸♥相反
a reverse of the big bang,
抑或不断膨胀, 变得冰冷暗淡?
or was it end by expanding
out and becoming cold and dark?
你想它在灼热中还是冰冷中死去?
If you wish, would
it end in fire or ice,
在爆♥炸♥中消失抑或无声消逝?
or with a bang or a whimper?
宇宙一旦分崩离析
If the universe collapses,
可能会触发另一次大爆♥炸♥
it might trigger another big bang.
说不定这次大爆♥炸♥已经出现
Maybe that's already happened.
我们和无数个宇宙已走上末路
And we're just one in a
long line of universes.
我相信创世持续论
Personally, I believe
in continual genesis.
它指出宇宙互相碰撞、分解
That is there's a never-ending process
形成新宇宙, 永无止境
whereby universes collide, split
apart give birth to new universes,
也许每个宇宙各有不同的物理定律
perhaps with the different laws
of physics within each universe.
也许不是第一次发生
Maybe this isn't the
first time it's happened.
也许会循环不息
Maybe it's cyclic and it
goes round and round again.
最终我们的宇宙会分崩离析
Eventually, we'll collapse
整个过程推倒重来
and the whole thing