大太平洋（2017）

And here, amid the isolated pools,
应该不会受到深海捕食者的攻击
they should be safe from predators of the deep.
黑点裸胸鳝 所有海鳝中最擅长陆生
A peppered moray eel- the most amphibious of all morays.
一般生活在海浪下面的珊瑚礁
It lives on the reef, beneath the waves.
但在这个小岛上 学会了上岸觅食
But on this tiny island, it's learned to feed ashore...
这种行为以前从未被拍摄到过
...a behaviour that's never been filmed before.
海鳝可以短暂呼吸空气
Eels can breathe air for short periods,
只要鳃保持湿润
So long as they keep their gills moist...
是通过在水池里进进出出来实现的
...which it does by dipping in and out of the pools.
利用视觉和嗅觉来捕猎
It uses both sight and scent to hunt.
快脚蟹是否名符其实
But will the Lightfoot crab live up to its name?
不是比赛
No contest.
这种惊人的行为是如何来的
But how did this phenomenal behaviour come about?
同一个池子里还有另一条海鳝
There's another eel in the same pool.
这些动物可以互相学习
Could these animals have learned from each other?
没人能肯定回答
Nobody knows for sure,
海鳝似乎不太热衷于合作
but they don't seem to be too keen on cooperation.
海潮正在转向
The tide is turning.
海鳝是时候溜回原来的地方了
Time for the eels to slink back where they came from...
饥饿会一直持续到下一次退潮
...their hunger satisfied until the next low tide.
大苏尔 加利福尼亚州
在加利福尼亚荒野海岸
On the wild coasts of California...
是耐心回报了太平洋上
...It's patience that rewards one of the Pacific's
最不起眼的食肉动物
most unassuming carnivores.
为了在太平洋的波涛中生存
To survive the Pacific swells,
一生都拴在一块岩石上
it spends its life anchored to a rock.
不是植物 而是巨大的绿海葵
Not a plant but a giant green anemone.
尽管名字有点自夸 这种珊瑚的近亲
Despite its boastful name, this relative of coral grows
只能长到二十五厘米宽
only about 25cm across.
猎物往往与体型相匹配
And its prey tends to match its size-
小鱼和贝类
small fish and shellfish.
就像近亲水母一样
Just like its jellyfish cousins,
会麻痹和不动
it paralyses and immobilises.
但有时
But once in a while,
海葵的眼睛比肚子大
the anemone has eyes bigger than its stomach.
问题是如何得到
It's just a question of how to get one.
双冠鸬鹚和等着喂养的幼鸬鹚
Double-crested cormorants and their ravenous young.
幼鸬鹚太小不能养活自己
Too young to feed themselves.
鸬鹚是熟练的潜水者
Cormorants are skilled divers.
然而 潜水仍然很危险
Yet swimming is still hazardous.
但不是因为海葵
But not because of anemones.
这片海岸经常受到大海涨潮的冲击
This shore is regularly battered by big ocean swells.
鸬鹚父母必须在任何天气捕鱼
But cormorant parents must fish in all weather.
这对海葵 只是时间问题
For the anemone, it's just a matter of time.
抓住经过的死去鸬鹚
It grasps the dead cormorant as it passes.
嘴非常灵活
Its mouth is so flexible,
可以张开和整个身体一样大来吞食猎物
it can open as wide as its entire body to ingest prey.
在嘴后面
Behind the mouth,
强有力的括约肌紧紧抓住了食物
powerful sphincter muscles lock onto the meal.
海葵是一个活的胃
The anemone is a living stomach,
内脏和嘴一样可以扩张
and its gut is as expandable as its mouth.
消化已经开始 几乎在海葵进食的时候
Digestion has already begun, even as the anemone eats.
吃掉肉 然后将骨头排出体外
It will eat the flesh and later expel the bones.
海水的涌浪把食物卷到第二只海葵的手中
The ocean swell pulls the meal into a second anemone's grip...
一场慢吞吞的拉锯战开始了
...a slo-mo tug of war.
很快 鸬鹚身上只剩下
Soon, all that remains of the cormorant...
一根羽毛
...Is a feather.
太平洋沿岸
The shores of the Pacific
是一些最肥沃的水域
are some of its most fertile waters.
科尔特斯海 墨西哥
每年秋天 在墨西哥海岸外
Off the coast of Mexico, every fall,
来自深海的营养物质会被带到海面上
nutrients from the deep are brought up to the surface.
生命大爆发
And there's an explosion of life...
浮游生物大量繁殖
...a plankton bloom...
为太平洋巨兽的幼兽创造育儿所
...creating a nursery for the shyest of Pacific giants.
鲸鲨 世界上最大的鱼
A whale shark- the world's biggest fish.
可以长到长十五米
They can grow 15 metres long,
嘴宽一点五米
with a mouth one and a half metres wide.
这实际上是一头幼鲸
But this is actually a youngster,
只有六米左右
a mere Six metres or So.
鲸鲨是终极的滤食性动物
Whale sharks are the ultimate filter feeders,
甚至超过了蝠鲼
surpassing even the manta ray.
随意游荡每小时可以
While casually swimming, they can filter
过滤掉四分之一奥♥运♥会标准泳池的水
one-quarter of an Olympic swimming pool every hour.
在遇到大量的浮游生物时
But when they hit a plankton mother lode,
会停下来并吸进海水
they stop and turn on the pumps.
一头校车大小的鲸鲨
A shark the size of a school bus,
在海里盘旋 吸食浮游生物
hovering in the ocean, sucking up plankton.
没有其他鱼类能这样利用过滤器吸水
No other fish can pump water through its filters like this,
这种特性和贪婪一样独特
a trait as unique as it is voracious.
一团浮游生物在几秒钟内消失了 就像一股烟雾
A cloud of plankton gone in seconds, like a puff of smoke.
有了如此丰富的食物来源
With such a rich food source
和如此强大的提取方法
and such a powerful way to extract it
鲸鲨就像健美运动员一样强壮
they bulk up like body builders...
每次来这里都会长六十多厘米
...growing more than 60cm for every time they visit here.
当长到八米长的时候
When they reach a respectable eight metres long,
就不再需要这个海洋巨兽育儿所了
they'll no longer need this nursery for ocean giants.
从这里到哪里 如何生存 没有人知道
Where they go from here and how they survive, no-one knows.
卫星追踪标签开始
But satellite tags are beginning to show us
展示鲸鲨的漫游范围
how far and wide they roam.
从科尔特斯海来到广阔的海洋
From the Sea of Cortez, they travel the open ocean,
寻找最丰富的浮游生物
looking for the richest pockets of plankton.
一头鲸鲨横渡到太平洋另一边
One whale shark crossed to the other side of the Pacific,
最后来到比基尼环礁以南
ending up just south of Bikini Atoll...
行程将近九千公里
...nearly 9,000km away.
太平洋的大小令人难以理解
The size of the Pacific is hard to comprehend.
液态宇宙
A liquid universe.
在里面 独特的世界
And within it, unique worlds...
每一个都有觅食的新机会
...each one a new opportunity for finding a meal.
加拉帕戈斯群岛 厄瓜多尔
地球上没有像那样的地方
There's no place on earth like them.
加拉帕戈斯群岛
The Galapagos Islands.
一百多个火山岛屿和岛礁
More than a hundred volcanic islands and outcroppings,
只有四个有人居住
only four inhabited.
进化的大熔炉
An evolutionary cauldron...
孕育奇异的生命
...harbouring bizarre life.
加拉帕戈斯群岛就是以岛上
But the best-known creature in the Galapagos
最著名的生物来命名的
is the one the islands are named after.
“加拉帕戈斯”就是古西班牙语“乌龟”
"Galapagos' is the old Spanish word for 'tortoise'.
看看地球上最大的乌龟
Witness the largest tortoise on earth,
有三个成年人那么重
the weight of three grown people.
一小时能跑三百米
They can cover 300 metres in an hour.
一个人步行大约需要四分钟
This would take a human about four minutes to walk.
也许行动缓慢 就像寓言的近亲一样
They may be slow, but like their cousin of fable,
是赢家
they're winners...
在争夺食物的竞赛中
...In a race for food.
几千年来 这些巨龟已经成为
Over millennia, these giant tortoises have become
这片无情土地上
masters of survival
生存的大♥师♥
in this unforgiving land...
为了寻找最好的食物而随季节迁徙
...migrating with the seasons in search of the best food.
在加拉帕戈斯群岛一座大火山的顶峰
On the summit of one of the Galapagos's great volcanoes,
最近降雨创造了郁郁葱葱的乌龟天堂
recent rains have created a lush tortoise paradise...
一个在茂盛的新草上养肥的机会
...a chance to fatten up on the rich flush of new grass.
加拉帕戈斯象龟
But Galapagos tortoises
每天大部分时间
spend the bulk of their day
都无所事事
doing...nothing.
一天最多十六个小时 持续了一百多年
Up to 16 hours a day, for more than 100 years.
在食物短缺时期 可以靠脂肪生活一整年
In lean times, they can live off their fat for a whole year
不用进食和饮水
without food or water.
缓慢的生活节奏可以节省能量
Life in the slow lane conserves energy...
在这个远离尘嚣的孤岛是个行之有效的策略
...a time-tested strategy in this otherworldly outpost.
直到世界闯了进来
Until the world barged in.