大太平洋（2017）

在大太平洋
In the big Pacific...
有些巨兽必须不停地进食
...some giants must eat nonstop.
有些巨兽可能一年不吃东西
And other giants may not eat for a year.
一支能摧毁森林的嘴大军
An army of mouths that can destroy a forest.
一个有一百张嘴的杀手
A killer with a hundred mouths.
还有海洋中最大的嘴巴
And the biggest mouth in the oceans.
在太平洋 只有吃或被吃
In the Pacific Ocean, it's eat or be eaten.
一亿六千六百万平方公里
166 million square kilometres.
三分之一地球
One third of our planet.
地球上最大的海洋
The biggest ocean on Earth...
胃口最大
...with the largest appetite.
《大太平洋》
贪婪性
圣迭戈 加利福尼亚州
在圣迭戈附近的海域 有史以来最大的动物
In the seas off San Diego, the largest animal to ever live.
蓝鲸
The blue whale.
体长三十米
30 metres long.
比篮球场还要长
Longer than a basketball court.
两百吨♥ 相当于二十八头非洲象的重量
200 tons- the weight of 28 African elephants.
却以最小的猎物为食
But it feeds on the tiniest of prey...
一种回形针大小的甲壳类动物
...a crustacean about the size of a paperclip.
每只磷虾重量不到一克
Each krill weighs less than a gram.
蓝鲸每天要吞下四千万只
The whale needs to swallow 40 million a day.
值得庆幸的是 磷虾成群结队
Thankfully, krill swarm by the billions.
每立方米可达六万只
Up to 60,000 in a single cubic metre.
目标是磷虾最密集的部分
It targets the densest part of the swarm...
吞没了一片海洋
...and engulfs a patch of ocean
与蓝鲸本身的重量相当
that weighs as much as the whale itself.
蓝鲸一张大嘴巴 可以装下一百个人
A mouth so large, a hundred people could fit inside.
蓝鲸没有牙齿
But it's toothless...
舌头有大象那么大
...with a tongue the size of an elephant.
迫使海水通过
It forces the water back out
附着在上颚上
through sieve-like baleen plates
筛子状鲸须板
attached to its upper jaw...
过滤磷虾并将其吞下
...filtering the krill and swallowing it,
一次半吨♥
half a ton at a time.
但要满足这么大的胃口并不容易
But satisfying an appetite as big as this is not easy,
即使是在地球上最大的海洋里
even in the largest ocean on Earth.
每年 蓝鲸必须远行
Every year, the whale must travel
数千公里
many thousands of kilometres
寻找像这样的成群动物
in search of swarms as good as this.
要在大太平洋中生存
To survive in the big Pacific,
需要充分利用每一口食物
you need to make the most of every mouthful.
波纳佩岛 密克罗尼西亚联邦
另一种太平洋巨型动物 蝠鲼
Another Pacific giant- the manta ray.
五米宽 一吨♥半重
Five metres across, one and a half tons.
体型巨大 猎物却比蓝鲸的更小
It grows huge on prey even smaller than the blue whale's.
浮游生物如此微小 就像水中的一片薄雾
Plankton so tiny, it's just a haze in the water.
为了在这种微小的汤里生存
To survive on this microscopic soup,
几乎要不停地进食
it feeds almost constantly.
与蓝鲸不同的是
Unlike the whale, it's not limited
不受一口食物的限制
by what fits in a single mouthful.
蝠鲼通过鳃从水流中
A ray breathes by extracting oxygen
吸取氧气来呼吸
from water flowing through its gills.
为了保持呼吸 不停地移♥动♥
To keep breathing, it keeps moving,
利用不断流动的水来进食
exploiting the continuous flow of water to feed...
用羽状筛板鳃耙过滤鳃
...filtering plankton with feather-like rakers
深处的浮游生物
deep within its gills.
有时很幸运 收集了丰富的食物
Sometimes it gets lucky- a rich aggregation of food.
这看起来像优雅的旋转动作
What looks like a graceful pirouette
实际上是在浓密的浮游生物中疯狂进食
is really a feeding frenzy, amid a dense cloud of plankton.
在这个甜蜜地方不停工作 直到全部捞光
It'll work this sweet spot until it's all scooped up.
太平洋巨兽如此贪婪
One Pacific giant IS SO voracious,
一张嘴是不够的
a single mouth won't do.
黄海 中国
看起来不太像
It doesn't look like much-
一个米粒大小的盘子
a disc the size of a grain of rice,
漂流在黄海中
drifting through the Yellow Sea.
但不到一年就会长得
But in less than a year, it'll grow bigger
比一个成年人还要大
than an adult human.
但现在 只有一张嘴
Right now, however, it's little more than a mouth,
直径只有一毫米
a mouth just 1 mm across...
比针头还小
...Smaller than a pinhead.
胃口已经很可怕
But its appetite is already monstrous.
会吞食任何东西
It devours anything that comes its way,
只要是微小的
so long as it's microscopic.
一卡路里接一卡路里的增加
But calorie by calorie, its diet adds up.
六个月来 暴饮暴食一直持续
For six months, the rampage of gluttony continues,
直到转变完成
until the transformation is complete.
野村水母
The Nomura's jellyfish.
两米宽
Two metres across.
像雄狮一样重
As heavy as a male lion.
不仅是太平洋上最大的水母
Not just one of the largest jellyfish in the Pacific
也是地球上最大的
but on the entire planet.
生来只有一件事
And it's built to do one thing...
成长
...grow.
没有骨头需要滋养 没有复杂的器官需要维持
No bones to nourish, no complex organs to maintain,
漂流消耗的能量也很少
and very little energy wasted on swimming.
只会随波逐流
It just drifts with the currents,
尾随死亡
trailing death in its wake.
数以百计的触须上长着成千上万的刺胞
Hundreds of tentacles bristle with thousands of nematocysts,
细小的倒钩可以将麻痹剂注入猎物体内
tiny barbs that inject a paralysing brew into its prey.
尽管看起来很致命 但只有八人死于
Deadly as it looks, only eight people have died
与野村水母的冲突
from a run-in with a Nomura.
野村水母不吃人
We aren't on its diet.
即使是小鱼也太大了
Even small fish are too big.
相反 水母触手倒成为
Instead, they find shelter from predators
躲避捕食者的庇护所
within its tentacles...
只要能避开致命的倒钩
...So long as they dodge the lethal barbs.
野村水母以微小的浮游生物为食
No, the Nomura feeds on microscopic plankton.
因为巨型水母有一点不会变大
Because one thing about the giant that doesn't get bigger
那就是嘴
is its mouth.
为了变得这么大 制♥造♥出更多的嘴
To get this big, it makes more mouths,
每一个都和开始时一样大小
each as tiny as the one it first started with.
等完全长大了
By the time it's fully grown,
触手上就长出了几百个
its arms brim with hundreds of them...
非常小 肉眼几乎看不见
...So tiny, they're virtually invisible to the naked eye.
这些嘴一起吞下了奥♥运♥会标准泳池
But together, they swallow an Olympic-size pool
富含浮游生物的水
of plankton-rich water...
每一天
...every day.
这些巨兽属于
These giants belong
地球上最古老的血统之一
to one of the oldest lineages on the planet,
数百万年来一直没有改变
surviving unchanged for millions of years.
但每个生命都是短暂的 只有四季
But each life is brief, just four seasons.
出生
It's born.
成长
It grows.
繁殖
It breeds.
死亡
It dies.
在此之前 每只雌性都会释放
But not before each female releases
超过十亿个卵子
more than a billion tiny eggs
进入太平洋
into the Pacific...
继续延续狼吞虎咽贪婪循环
...lo renew the voracious cycle of chowing down...
和膨胀
...and bulking up.
在大太平洋寻找觅食
But size isn't everything
体型并不能决定一切
when it comes to finding food in the big Pacific.
马绍尔群岛
在马绍尔群岛偏远的环礁岛
On this remote atoll in the Marshall Islands,
一种狡猾的捕食者违反逻辑
a cunning predator defies logic,
从深海中冒出来在陆地上捕猎
emerging from the deep to hunt on dry land.
这不是捕食者
No, this isn't the predator.
这些是寻找食物的快脚蟹
These are Lightfoot crabs in search of food.
随着海潮退去 丰富的海藻也暴露了出来
As the tide ebbs, it exposes rich pickings of seaweed.
这里 在孤立的水池中