大太平洋（2017）

The eggs are fertilised inside his pouch
然后浸泡在羊水里
and bathed in amniotic fluid.
雄性照顾这些卵近一个月
He'll carry them for a close to a month.
宫缩类似于哺乳动物的分娩
His contractions resemble labour in mammals.
第一个后代
First offspring.
又一个
Another.
每一个完全成形
Each fully formed.
在几分钟内产下七百个
Up to 700 in minutes.
小海马逃到海草中寻求安全
They flee into the seagrass for safety.
微小幼体非常容易受到捕食者的攻击
The tiny newborns are so vulnerable to predators,
一窝只有三个幼体能活到成年
as few as three of the entire brood may make it to adulthood.
这可能解释了雄性在生育方面的优势
Which may explain the advantage to males giving birth.
科学家认为这会加速繁殖
Scientists think it accelerates reproduction.
雄性在发育第一代
While the male develops one generation,
雌性已经在为另一代产卵了
the female is already producing eggs for another.
繁殖速度非常快
They reproduce so fast,
有些雄性可以在早上分娩
some males can give birth in the morning
晚上再次怀孕
and be pregnant again by evening.
加强合作和繁殖速度
Heightened cooperation and speed
是这个物种生存的关键
are keys to this species' survival.
大腹海马就是其中一种
The big-bellied seahorse is one of a kind.
在大太平洋
But in the big Pacific...
性别可以像大海一样变幻莫测
...gender can be as fluid as the sea.
小丑鱼
The clownfish.
可爱 著名 最出名的是
Cute, famous, and best known for its partnership
和海葵的伙伴关系
with its anemone.
海葵是珊瑚和水母的近亲
Anemones are relatives of the coral and jellyfish...
活生生的陷阱 用有毒的触手
...living booby traps, waiting to snare passing fish
诱捕路过的小鱼
with their venomous tentacles.
小丑鱼皮肤上一层黏液能对宿主产生免疫
A layer of mucus on its skin immunises it against its host.
这种免疫力会在离开海葵后迅速消失
That immunity quickly fades while away from the anemone.
可以再次获得免疫
It re-immunises itself
通过露出尾巴和鳍来吸收毒液
by exposing its tail and then its fins to the venom.
这是生命的避难所
It's a living sanctuary.
作为回报 小丑鱼保护海葵不受
In return, the clownfish defends the anemone
入侵者的伤害
from intruders.
可以清洗垃圾
It takes out the trash.
甚至提供食物残渣
It even delivers scraps of food.
没有小丑鱼 海葵通常会死亡
Without clownfish, anemones often die.
这是双赢 共生的关系
It's a win-win, live-and-let-live relationship.
但是小丑鱼家庭并不幸福
But the clowns are not a happy family.
这是小丑鱼成功的关键
And that's the key to their success.
和许多珊瑚礁鱼一样 小丑鱼天生都是雄性
Like many reef fish, all clownfish are born male.
在合适的条件下 可以变成雌性
But under the right conditions, they can turn female.
压力决定性别
Stress determines gender.
只要有压力 就保持雄性
As long as they're under pressure, they stay male.
在小丑鱼群体中 压力是恒定的
And in a clownfish colony, pressure is constant.
所有的雄性都由一只大雌性统治
All the males are ruled by a single large female-
海葵女王小丑鱼
the queen of the anemone.
没有雌性对手 喜欢用一大群雄性
Without female rivals, she enjoys a horde of males
来照料海葵王国
to tend to her anemone empire.
通过不停骚扰确保小丑鱼保持雄性
She ensures they stay male by harassing them nonstop,
使其保持压力和秩序
keeping them stressed out and in line.
动物在压力下会释放一种荷尔蒙皮质醇
Animals under stress release the hormone cortisol,
这种荷尔蒙会阻止小丑鱼变成雌性
which prevents the clownfish from turning female.
在女王死后
But when the queen dies
身边的小丑鱼因没有首领而觉醒
and her entourage wakes up without a good scolding,
其中体型最大的转变为雌性
the biggest of them transforms.
在没有压力情况下 皮质醇水平下降
In the absence of stress, his cortisol levels fall
变成雌性
and he changes into a female.
小丑鱼有连续的性别
Clownfish have consecutive genders.
不是雄性或雌性 而是先雄性再转雌性
It's not boy OR girl. It's boy THEN girl.
在短短几周后
And in just a few weeks...
王国有了新的女王
...the kingdom has a new queen.
女王本能地寻找雄性臣民
Instinctively, she hounds her subjects.
和雄性领袖交♥配♥
She breeds with the alpha male.
在有生之年 雌性会产生数百个后代
In her lifetime, she'll produce hundreds of offspring.
这些小王子都不会继承王位
None of these little princes will inherit her throne.
卵会孵化 鱼苗将随波逐流
The eggs will hatch and the fry will drift away on the current.
一周后 变成幼鱼
After a week, they change to juvenile fish
回到海底寻找新的海葵
and return to the bottom to find a new anemone.
多亏一只叫尼莫的小丑鱼
Thanks to a fish called Nemo,
小丑鱼已经成为了国际明星
clownfish have become international stars.
这部好莱坞大♥片♥传达了保护环境的信息
The Hollywood blockbuster carried a conservation message.
现在小丑鱼非常受欢迎
But clownfish are now So popular,
每年有一百万条珊瑚礁小丑鱼
a million a year are taken from coral reefs
被用于水族馆贸易
for the aquarium trade.
我们所知的三十种小丑鱼都濒临灭绝
All 30 species of clownfish we know of are endangered.
相关联的十种海葵也是如此
So are the 10 species of anemone they're bound to.
珊瑚的减少加速了
The loss accelerates the destruction
太平洋珊瑚群落的毁灭
of coral communities in the Pacific.
最需要的是人类的保护
What they need most is human protection.
不是所有的太平洋生物繁殖得如此缓慢
Not all of the Pacific's creatures breed so slowly.
有些在一夜之间完成繁殖
Some multiply overnight.
乌波卢岛 萨摩亚
在夏威夷和新西兰之间
Halfway between Hawaii and New Zealand,
萨摩亚群岛附近 今晚将上演一场奇观
off the islands of Samoa, a spectacle unfolds tonight.
就在今年第十一次满月一周后
Exactly a week after the 11th full moon of the year,
一个种族从海底喷发出来
a horde erupts from the sea floor.
矶沙蚕产卵
The spawning of the palolo worms.
在洞隙里呆上一年后
After spending the year buried in burrows,
这些三十厘米蠕虫开始变形
the 30cm worms transform.
长出一条只有身体一半长的尾巴
They sprout a tail half as long as their body,
叫做生殖节 里面装满了卵子或精♥子♥
called the epitoke, packed with eggs or sperm.
这些蠕虫呆在珊瑚家园里
The worms remain in their coral homes,
但尾巴会脱落并游向海面
but their tails snap off and swim towards the surface.
原始眼睛帮助其游向月光
A primitive eye helps it navigate toward the moonlight.
为了最大化繁殖 每条蠕虫都同步
To maximise reproduction, every worm is synchronised
在同一晚上 同一时间产卵
to spawn on the same night, at the same time...
数以百万条
...millions strong.
这是世界上最大的种群产卵
It's one of the world's greatest mass spawnings.
在海面附近 生殖节裂开
Near the surface, the epitokes split open...
倾倒无数的卵子和精♥子♥
...dumping countless eggs and sperm
疯狂的繁殖
in a frenzy of breeding...
和盛宴
...and feasting.
在萨摩亚 这些生殖节是美味
In Samoa, the epitokes are a delicacy.
在这样的大规模事件中 岛民减少不了多少数量
In such a mass event, islanders can hardly dent the numbers.
几个小时后 狂欢结束了
A few hours later, the extravaganza ends.
数以百万计的受精卵漂落
Fertilised eggs drift away in the millions
到海底定居 并无休止地重复这个循环
to settle on the sea floor and endlessly repeat the cycle.
在这样的交♥配♥漩涡中
In such whirls of mating,
太平洋正处于最热烈的时刻
the Pacific is at her most passionate.
在墨西哥炎热的沙滩上 没有哪里比这更狂热了
But nowhere is it so frenzied as on the hot sands of Mexico.
科尔特斯海 墨西哥
开始是一股海潮 冲向加利福尼亚湾
It begins as a tide, rushing toward the shoreline,
海岸线的沙滩
high in the Gulf of California.
成群结队的鹈鹕在寻找涌入者
Squadrons of pelicans search for the invaders.
海鸥和燕鸥加入搜寻队伍
Gulls and terns Join the reception committee.
鱼儿来了
And here they come.
成千上万银色身体在墨西哥阳光下闪闪发光
Thousands of silvery bodies, glinting under the Mexican sun.
滑皮银汉鱼产卵潮
The grunion run.
大自然最壮观的景象
One of nature's grandest spectacles.
生与死的爆发
An explosion of life and death.
没有其他鱼如此大胆地♥产♥卵
No other fish spawns so boldly.
滑皮银汉鱼产卵潮每隔几周发生一次
The grunion run happens every few weeks
跨越春季和夏季
across spring and summer.
雌性先上岸
Females make landfall first,
在潮湿的沙滩上冲浪产卵
surfing onto the wet sand to deposit their eggs.
为了避免被冲回大海
To avoid being washed back to sea,
会把尾巴扎进沙子 然后站住
they dig their tails in and make a stand.
这是一场盛宴
It's a feast for the taking.
离开水 银汉鱼不能呼吸