大太平洋（2017）

But to maximise the opportunity...
蝰蛇可以吞下三只鸟
...they can swallow up to three birds...
一只接一只
...one after another.
进食的机会如此短暂
The window for food is so brief,
蝰蛇不停地捕食
the snakes hunt nonstop.
在接下来的两周里 遵循着致命的惯例
For the next two weeks, they follow the deadly routine.
黎明时分爬起来 等着送餐
Climb up at dawn and wait for a meal to be delivered.
等到迁徙重新开始的时候
By the time the migration resumes,
岛上居民已经被填得满满的了
the islanders are stuffed to bursting.
整个冬天 蝰蛇都会冬眠
All through the winter months, they'll rest...
直到春天
...until spring,
迁徙者返回北方旅程的时候
when the migrators return on their journey back north.
在大太平洋的其他热点地区
At other hotspots in the big Pacific,
死亡是日常生活的事实
death is a daily fact of life.
蓝碧海峡 印度尼西亚
在印度尼西亚的蓝碧海峡
In Indonesia's Lembeh Strait,
一股强大的洋流阻止了珊瑚礁的形成
a strong, constant current keeps reefs from forming.
生命依然生机勃勃
But life still thrives.
不仅蓬勃发展 而且欣欣向荣
It not only thrives, it teems.
在一条宽约五百米的水道上
Thousands of species compete for space and food
成千上万的物种在争夺空间和食物
in a waterway about 500m wide.
由于洋流的影响
Because of the current,
这里大多数生物必须生活在海床或靠近海床
most creatures here must live on the seabed or close to it.
就像把一栋高楼里的所有居民
It's like cramming all the residents of a high-rise
都挤在一楼
on the ground floor.
这几乎随时会
But almost every neighbour
成为邻居的食物
wants to eat you.
创造了一场进化军备竞赛
It's created an evolutionary arms race,
一场失去控制的掠夺性竞争
a predatory competition running out of control.
这里的动物进化出了自己
Animals here have evolved their own gimmicks
捕猎或躲藏的技巧
for hunting or hiding.
捕食者就藏在眼前
One hunter hides in plain sight.
躄鱼粗短的鳍进化成了脚
The frogfish's stubby fins have evolved into feet,
但与真正的天赋相比
but that's just a toe in the water
那只是在水中的脚趾
compared to its real talent.
到达目的地时
When it reaches its destination,
会混在与自己分身相似的海绵旁边
it blends in next to its doppelganger sponge
等待着
and waits.
有十多种躄鱼
More than a dozen species of frogfish
生活在蓝碧海峡
live in the Lembeh Strait...
包括条纹躄鱼
...Including the hairy frogfish.
捕食的鱼躲在火海胆
The fish it preys on seek protection
有毒的刺中寻求保护
among the venomous spines of fire urchins.
于是 条纹躄鱼变黑 带刺
So the hairy frogfish turns dark and spiny,
变成了一只火海胆
becoming just another urchin himself.
现在投下了诱饵
Now he casts his bait,
像虫子一样的诱饵
a worm-like lure.
致命的祭品
A deadly offering.
在如此恶劣的环境下
In a neighbourhood this rough,
即使有坚固的外壳也不能保证安全
even a fortified body can't guarantee protection.
所有捕食者都吃螃蟹
Crabs here are on every menu.
为了生存 人面蟹采取了绑♥架♥的手段
To stay alive, the carrier crab resorts to kidnapping.
特殊的手臂从下面铲起海胆
Special arms scoop the urchin up from below,
避开危险的刺
avoiding the dangerous spines.
载着那不情不愿的人♥质♥到处走
He hauls his grudging hostage everywhere
捕食者都不予理睬
and predators leave him alone.
如果竞争造就卓越
If competition breeds excellence,
蓝碧海峡确实是致命的卓越
Lembeh Strait is lethally excellent indeed.
太平洋被火山带环绕着
The Pacific is encircled by the Ring of Fire...
环太平洋火山带
四万公里的暴♥力♥弧线
...a 40,000km arc of violence...
拥有世界上四分之三的活火山
...containing three-quarters of the world's active volcanoes.
超过四百五十个自然熔岩的出口
More than 450 outlets for nature's molten temper.
所有这些剧烈的喷发
All this seismic fury is caused
都是由地球上最大的
by the ceaseless grinding
板块不断磨擦造成的
of the Earth's largest tectonic plate...
太平洋板块
...the Pacific plate.
火山带可以毁灭生命
The Ring of Fire can destroy life.
也可以创造生命
But it also creates it.
怀特岛 新西兰
距离新西兰四十八公里
48km off New Zealand,
怀特岛不定时喷发而热气腾腾
White Island rumbles from constant indigestion.
火山顶端已经活跃了十五万年
The tip of a volcano that's been active for 150,000 years.
火山口壁的裂缝 被称为火山喷气孔
Cracks in the crater walls, known as fumaroles,
像喷气发动机一样喷出热气
blow hot gas like a jet engine...
留下有毒的硫磺沉积物
...leaving behind toxic sulphur deposits.
一些地球上最顽强的动物 在火山口湖里
Some of the hardiest animals on earth, in the crater lake,
在五十摄氏度的温度下冒泡而出
bubbling away at 50 degrees Celsius.
湖水的酸性至少是纯醋的十倍
It's at least 10 times more acidic than pure vinegar.
绿色♥色♥调来自于极端微生物
Yet its green tinge comes from extremophiles-
原始微生物能在不利于
primitive microbes that can survive
正常生活的环境中生存
in conditions hostile to normal life.
这里的微生物可以中和酸
The microbes here can neutralise the acid
进行生命周期
and carry out their life cycles
在会杀死大多数生物的温度下
in temperatures that would kill most living things.
但对这些微生物
But for these microbes,
这种情况并不是什么新鲜事
conditions like these are not new.
大约四十亿年前
Nearly four billion years ago,
地球和怀特岛一样不适宜居住
when Earth was as inhospitable as White Island,
第一批进化的生命
the first life to evolve
看起来非常像这些极端微生物
looked very much like these extremophiles.
在地狱里生存可能是微生物的归宿
Survival in hell may be a homecoming for microbes...
但更大的动物也有同样的能力
...but bigger animals have developed the same ability.
龟山岛 台♥湾♥
龟山岛位于
Turtle Mountain Island sits
两个板块碰撞的地方
where two tectonic plates collide.
在乳白色的表面之下
Beneath its milky surface
是迷宫般的热液喷口
is a labyrinth of hydrothermal vents,
一座巨大的水下火山喷发
the exhaust of a gigantic underwater volcano
喷出的水温度超过沸腾点
that pumps out water above boiling
一百一十六摄氏度
at 116 degrees Celsius
并不断喷出含硫气体
and a constant spew of sulphurous gases.
这是地球上毒性最大的环境之一
This is one of the most toxic environments on the planet.
然而生命依然存在
And yet life persists.
这些是乌龟怪方蟹
These are sulphur vent crabs.
生活在喷口的边缘
They live along the edge of the vents
那里的水没有沸腾
where the water doesn't boil
但对其他生物仍然毒性太大
but is still too toxic for any other life.
进化出了一种独特的
They've evolved a unique ability
分解和中性化硫酸的能力
to break down and neuftralise sulphuric acid.
不仅能在这片死角生存下来
Not only do they survive in this dead zone,
还能充分利用这一点
they use it to their advantage.
有毒气体会立即杀死路过的浮游动物
The poisonous gases instantly kill passing zooplankton.
就像一场海里的雪
It falls like a marine snow.
钳子上扁平的尖端
The flattened tips of their pincers
是独一无二的 可以用来收集食物
are uniquely adapted to gather the morsels.
乌龟怪方蟹是太平洋的生存大♥师♥
The vent crabs are one of the Pacific's masters of survival,
但不是所有的危险都很容易被克服
but not all of her dangers have been so readily conquered.
在中国 甚至人类也在学习如何充分利用
In China, even humans are learning to make the most
暴♥力♥的太平洋
of the violent Pacific.
杭州湾 中国
九月
September,
杭州湾等待一年一度的
and Hangzhou Bay waits for the annual return
古老海怪归来
of an ancient sea monster.
寺庙被建造来供奉
Temples were built to worship it
宝塔被建造来安抚
and pagodas were built to placate it.
几个世纪以来 被称为“银龙”
For centuries, it's been known as the 'Silver Dragon'.
一堵可预测又具有潜在破坏性的水墙
A predictable yet potentially destructive wall of water
发展成为世界上最大的潮汐波
that grows into the world's largest tidal wave.
与由地震引发的海啸不同
Unlike tsunamis, which are triggered by earthquakes,
这种罕见的现象是由月球周期引起的
this rare phenomenon is brought on by the lunar cycle...
海湾逐渐变窄
...and forms where the bay narrows
形成漏斗式入潮
and funnels the incoming tide...