大太平洋（2017）

太平洋充满了奇迹和神秘
The Pacific Ocean is full of wonder and mystery.
海边同时出现大量的游泳者
Synchronised swimmers that appear out of the blue
还有独一无二的航海家
and a navigator like no other.
拯救古老生命的竞赛
A race to save ancient life.
还有死而复生的生命
And life that comes back from the dead.
神秘的代表
Mystifying masterpieces.
及其吸引力
And their magnetic appeal.
在这里 我们找到了未解之谜
Here we find unanswered questions
和未发现的宝藏
and undiscovered treasures.
这是一次探索海洋之谜的旅程
This is a journey to plumb the ocean's riddles.
一亿六千六百万平方公里
166 million square kilometres.
三分之一地球
One third of our planet.
地球上最大的海洋
The biggest ocean on Earth...
等待解密
...with secrets to fathom.
《大太平洋》
神秘性
奥斯蒂欧娜 哥斯达黎加
九月在哥斯达黎加的奥斯蒂欧娜海滨
September on Ostional Beach in Costa Rica.
大自然日历上最壮观的时刻开始了
And one of the grandest moments in nature's calendar begins...
阿里巴达现象 海龟筑巢潮
...the arribada, a turtle-nesting tide.
在接下来的十天里
Over the next 10 days,
将有五十万只丽龟抵达海滩
up to half a million olive ridley sea turtles will arrive.
都是雌性丽龟
All females.
体长只有六十五厘米
At just over 65cm long,
是世界上体型最小
they're the smallest of the world's sea turtles
数量最多的海龟
but the most abundant.
有些丽龟可能穿越半个太平洋来到这里
Some may have crossed half the Pacific to get here.
返回出生地
It's a homecoming.
和其他海龟一样 这只年轻雌性丽龟出生在这片海滩
Like all the others, this young female hatched on this beach.
出生之后 一直生活在海上
But ever since, she's been at sea.
十二年来 这是第一次离开海面上岸
In 12 years, this is the first time she's left the water.
海龟如何再次找到这个海滩
How she found this beach again
为何这些海龟能同步到达这里
and arrived in sync with her sisters
目前还不完全了解
is not fully understood.
几千公里的旅程
The journey of thousands of kilometres
在几米外结束
ends a few metres away...
在涨潮上面的干沙上
...in the dry sand above the high tide.
挖三十到六十厘米深的洞来保护卵
She must dig a hole to protect the eggs, 30-60cm deep.
过程需要三个小时
It can take up to three hours
丽龟爬上海滩
for an olive ridley to travel up the beach
产完卵 回到海里
to lay her eggs and retreat.
雌龟会在海上交♥配♥一次
She will have mated just offshore a single time
并把精♥子♥储存在体内
and stored the male's sperm within her
以供整个繁殖季节使用
for use throughout the nesting season.
今年足以参加三次阿里巴达现象
Enough for her to join three arribadas this year
产下三窝卵
and lay three clutches of eggs.
每窝至少有一百个卵
At least a hundred eggs per nest.
并不是所有的卵都能孵化
But not all will survive.
美洲黑秃鹫和野狗
American black vultures and feral dogs
都在享用新鲜的龟卵
all feast on fresh olive ridley eggs.
自然因素造成了这些损失
But nature factors in the losses.
在整个繁殖季节
Across a breeding season,
这片海滩容纳多达一百万个巢穴
this single beach will harbour up to a million nests.
总共有一亿个丽龟蛋
Up to 100 million eggs in all.
以巨大的数量
Overwhelming the threats to survival
压倒了生存的威胁
with sheer weight of numbers.
这叫做淹没捕食者
It's called predator swamping.
在同时的筑巢
Between the simultaneous nesting,
大量的巢以及大量的蛋
the abundance of nests and the glut of eggs,
足够后代生存下来继续繁衍
enough young will survive to carry on the species.
海龟如何在大太平洋上航行仍是个谜
How the sea turtles navigate the big Pacific is a mystery.
对于我们 海洋是无边的蓝色
To us, the ocean seems a mapless blue.
对于海洋居民 到处都是高速公路和路标
But to its inhabitants, it's full of highways and signposts.
甚至有自己的全球定位系统
They even seem to have their own GPS.
哥伦比亚马尔佩洛岛
Malpelo Island, Colombia.
一座前火山喷发于三千六百米海洋深处
A former volcano erupting over 3,600m from the deep.
像海洋中的其他山峰一样
Like other pinnacles amid the ocean,
吸引了一大群不同寻常的鲨鱼
it attracts an unusually large crowd of sharks.
双髻鲨
Hammerheads...
丝鲨
...Silky sharks...
鲸鲨
...whale sharks.
其中一些来自几千公里之外
Some of them drawn from thousands of kilometres away.
这些鲨鱼会聚集几天 几周 甚至几个月
They congregate for days, weeks, even months.
为什么
But why?
一些科学家怀疑
Some scientists suspect
这个岛是个大本营
that the island serves as a base camp.
每天晚上鲨鱼都会去深海区打猎
Each night they leave to hunt in deeper water...
然后返回绕岛滑行
...then return to circle the island,
顺着扫过的洋流滑行
gliding on the currents that sweep past.
另一个谜团是
The other mystery is
鲨鱼是如何来这里的
how do they find their way here?
关键可能
The answer may lie
在地质学和生物学的联♥系♥
at the crossroads of geology and biology.
鲨鱼媲美任何物理实验室
Sharks rival any physics laboratory
可以感应到微小电效应
for sensing tiny electrical effects
微弱到十亿分之一伏特
as weak as one billionth of a volt.
不管海豚或蜜蜂 都有同样的特征
Animals from dolphins to bees share the same trait.
双髻鲨宽大的鼻子里
These hammerheads' broad noses
有可以感知电场的特殊器官
hold special organs that can sense electrical fields...
比如捕捉猎物微弱的电♥信♥♥号♥♥
...like the faint electrical signatures of their prey.
赤魟和其他鱼藏在沙子下面
Stingrays and other fish hidden beneath the sand.
每一次肌肉抽动 每一次心脏跳动
With every twitch of a muscle, with every beat of its heart,
猎物都会释放出一种鲨鱼能够探测到的电荷
the prey emits an electrical charge the sharks can detect.
同样 地球也有强大的磁场
Likewise, the earth has a powerful magnetic field
在地球表面从一极传到另一极
that travels across the surface from pole to pole.
研究鲨鱼迁徙的科学家
Scientists who study shark migration
怀疑鲨鱼可以探测到地球磁场
suspect they can detect the earth's magnetic fields
就像探测到电场一样
just as they detect electrical fields.
像马尔佩洛这样的顶峰
Pinnacles like Malpelo
突出可能形成地磁异常
may stand out as a magnetic anomaly...
因而成为磁性地标
...and thus a magnetic landmark,
鲨鱼的灯塔
a beacon for sharks.
科学仍在探索这个谜团
Science is still plumbing the mystery.
在太平洋近二十米的海底
Nearly 20m beneath the Pacific,
另一个谜团已经破解
another enigma has been cracked.
奄美大岛 日本
1995年 潜水员在日本奄美大岛
In 1995, divers discovered delicate patterns
附近的海床上发现了精细的图案
furrowed into the seabed off Japan's Amami Island.
短暂的存在 很快就被洋流冲散
They were short-lived- the current would sweep them away.
又会出现在其他地方
And they'd reappear elsewhere.
是谁或什么干的
Who or what did this?
这种神秘造型困惑着业余探险家
The cryptic designs baffled amateur explorers
和经验丰富的科学家
and seasoned scientists alike.
这个谜团持续了十多年
The mystery lingered for more than a decade.
然后 在2011年
Then, in 2011,
科学家观察海床将近一年
scientists watched the seabed for almost a year.
不仅发现了艺术家
They discovered not just the artist
还发现了一种全新物种
but a brand-new species...
窄额鲀
...the white-spotted pufferfish.
难以捉摸 很少被拍摄到
So elusive, it's rarely been filmed.
这只八厘米长的雄性鱼目标是收集细沙
The goal of this 8cm artist is to gather fine sand...
为配偶的卵筑一个床
...to build a bed for his mate's eggs.
其他鱼筑巢 没有创造艺术
Other fish build nests but none create art.
在源源不断的水流中收集细沙
Gathering fine sand in a perpetual current
就像在风中收集烟雾
is like collecting smoke in the wind.
这是工程上的胜利
In an engineering triumph,
圆形沙圈减少了近两成五的水流冲击
these sand circles reduce the apparent current by almost 25%.
放射状辐条引导水流
The radial spokes channel the current
把最细的沙子
to sweep the finest of sand
扫到爱巢的中心
into the centre of the love nest.
辛勤耕耘 扬起沙子
His diligent ploughing lifts the sand
使之落入巧妙的陷阱