PBS. 新星.平行世界-平行生命（2007）

So what's going on here? Bohr has come to give a lecture?
是什么事情 玻尔来做讲座吗
Yeah,he'd come to give a lecture.
是啊 他来做讲座
So this is where talks would be given.
这就是谈话开始的地方
This would be the place where Bohr
这就是玻尔
would've given his talk that evening,
那天晚上本来要演讲的地方
where we had the photograph from.
也就是我们拍照的地方
I was sitting over in,I think,a soft seat here,
我当时就坐在 应该是这里的一个软座上
and Bohr was sitting about here,
玻尔大概坐在这里
and I was just snoring over in the corner.
我就在角落里打呼噜
If Hugh's old pal Harvey had managed to stay awake,
如果休的老朋友哈维当时没睡着的话
he may have heard "the world according to Bohr."
他可能会听到"玻尔眼中的世界"
Bohr proposed that everything be divided into two categories.
玻尔认为万事万物可以分为两类
Big stuff—like tennis balls,apples falling off trees
大物件 例如网球 树上掉下的苹果
—obeys the classical laws of physics;
它们都遵循经典物理学规律
however, small stuff—about the size of atoms
然而 像原子大小的小东西
—obeys the crazy laws of quantum mechanics.
遵循量子力学的疯狂法则
Bohr didn't stop there.
玻尔的理论不止于此
He described what happens when you look at something very tiny.
他描述了当你观测微粒时的情况
At that exact moment,the particle stops behaving so weirdly.
就在这个时刻 粒子的表现不再奇怪
Instead of being in a smeared out wave—in many places
它们不是分布在各处
at once—when observed,it's in just one place.
当粒子被观测到时 它只会出现在一点上
It's now a nice well-behaved little particle.
现在它变成了一个乖乖的小粒子
The whole shebang was called the "Copenhagen Interpretation,"
这一理论被称为"哥本哈根诠释"
and thanks to Bohr,became the established view.
多亏了玻尔 它成为了公理之一
Oh,by the way,Copenhagen was Bohr's hometown.
顺便说一下 哥本哈根是玻尔的故乡
But the young and ambitious Hugh thought
然而 年轻而雄心勃勃的休认为
It was all most unlikely.
这是不可能的
How can just looking at something affect its behavior?
观测怎么会影响到微粒的行为呢
Hugh was convinced that Bohr had it all wrong,
休确信 是玻尔弄错了
and so he decided to start on his own radical theory,
于是他决定建立自己的全新理论
Helped,on most evenings,by a sherry or two.
大多数晚上 雪利酒都帮了他的忙
Harvey? Yes,please.
哈维要吗 好的 谢谢
For a while we had fairly regular sherry meetings
有一段时间 我们有定期的雪利酒聚会
before dinner,very cheap sherry.
晚餐前 喝着很便宜的雪利酒
Toast to Hugh.
敬休
Hugh,yeah,great.
休 真棒
Which room was my dad's?
哪一间是我爸爸的房♥间
It's the room up there with the open window.
就是上面那间 窗户开着的
Wow,that's,like,the penthouse.
看起来就像是顶层套房♥
Did they put the smartest guys up at the top?
他们是不是让最聪明的人住顶楼
Is that how it works?
是这样吗
Yeah,probably.
是 有可能
Is that the room where he wrote his theory?
他就是在那间屋子写出理论的吗
Yeah,it must have been.
应该是的
Wow,that's pretty exciting.
真令人兴奋
So what year would this have been, when you lived here?
那是哪一年呢 你住在这里的时候
'53?
53年吧
1953?
1953年吗
Yeah,'53 to '54.
是的 53到54年左右
Let's come into my father's bedroom.
来我看看父亲的房♥间
So if you lay in the bed in this room,
据说如果你躺在这间屋子里的床上
it's said that you will come up with crazy theories.
脑袋里就会产生疯狂的理论
This is exciting,like,in the music world,
真令人兴奋 这就好比音乐界的
this would be like going to the Abbey Road Studios or something.
艾比路录音室之类
Interestingly enough,
很有趣的是
I didn't inherit any of his mathematical genius.
我一点儿都没有遗传他的数学天才
I have trouble adding up the tip at dinner.
我在餐馆算小费都有困难
I wonder what you feel you understand about your father's theory?
我想知道你觉得你对父亲的理论了解多少
I understand that up to the point of
我了解的程度就是
"anything that can be happening is happening somewhere."
这里所发生的任何事可能在别处正在发生
The somewhere part is the hard part to wrap my brain around,you know?
就是这个"别处" 让我绞尽脑汁都很难理解
I feel like I'm in a science show now.
感觉就像在参加科学知识竞答节目
A meeting with Max Tegmark,an astrophysicist
和天体物理学家
and a big fan of Hugh's theory,
休的理论的忠实粉丝马克斯·泰格马♥会♥面
is set to bend Mark's brain further out of shape.
必然会让马克更加头晕
Hi.
嗨
Hey. I'm Max.
嗨 我是马克斯
Nice to meet you.
很高兴见到你
It is a real honor to get to meet you
见到你真的很荣幸
because your dad has been such an inspiration to me.
因为你父亲对我启发太大了
When I was a grad student,in Berkeley,
当时我在伯克利读硕士
I found,in this old bookstore,
在一家旧书店里
A copy of this 137-page paper that your dad wrote,
我发现你父亲所写的这本137页的论文
and I was like,wow,it suddenly all made sense.
我感觉就像 一切都有了意义
And since then,I've spent many years
从那时起 我花了许多年
working on your dad's theory and various implications of it.
研究你父亲的理论和它的各种不同内涵
Mark's father wasn't the only one
马克的父亲并不是唯一一个
who found Bohr's theory difficult to swallow.
认为玻尔的理论难以接受的人
So did the physicist Erwin Schrodinger.
物理学家欧文·薛定谔也有同感
As Schrodinger himself pointed out in a famous article,
薛定谔自己就在一篇著名文章中指出
that there is something really weird about
把世界一分为二的想法
this idea of dividing the world into two parts,
有些奇怪
because,you know,you are made out of atoms,
因为 你知道 你就是由原子构成的
so if an atom can be in two places at once,
如果说一个原子可以同时在两个地方
so can you,right?
你也能 是不是
Schrodinger had devised an experiment to expose this absurdity.
薛定谔发明了一个实验来揭示其中的荒谬
He came up with the most famous feline experiment in science,
他想出了科学史上最著名的有关猫的实验
"Schrodinger's cat."
薛定谔的猫
It goes like this: A cat is penned up in a steel chamber
实验大致如下 一只猫被关在铁盒子里
along with a radioactive substance such as uranium,
里面有放射性物质 比如铀
a Geiger counter attached to a quick-release hammer,
还有一个关联到榔头起落的盖革计数器
and a flask of poison gas,hydrocyanic acid.
以及一小瓶毒气 氢氰酸
No!
不
He doesn't even have legs and now you're going to poison him.
它甚至都没有脚 而你现在竟然要毒死它
Don't blame me,blame Schrodinger.
别怪我 要怪就怪薛定谔去
Schrodinger was never diabolical enough to do this for real,
薛定谔还没那么狠毒 要将实验付诸实际
it was just a thought experiment.
这只是一个思想实验
At the heart of it all is a quantum event.
本质上则是一起量子事件
Every now and then,completely randomly,
完全随机性地
there's a chance of a uranium atom decaying
每个铀原子有一定衰变几率
and emitting radiation.
然后产生辐射
This radiation is enough to
而这辐射又足以
trigger the counter that sets off the hammer
触发盖革计数器引起榔头动作
that breaks the vial that poisons the cat.
打破毒气瓶毒死那只猫
But if none of the uranium atoms decay
但如果在实验期间
over the duration of the experiment,
没有任何铀原子衰变
the cat will live.
那只猫将活着
What's so disturbing about this is the fate of a single atom,
令人极度困惑的是 单个原子的命运
determines the fate of a cat.
决定了猫的命运
According to the Copenhagen Interpretation,
按照哥本哈根诠释
until the experiment is observed by peering inside,
在揭开铁盒观察实验结果之前
the entire contents of the box exist in two possible states.
这铁盒里面的情况存有两种可能状态
Each uranium atom both has and has not decayed.
每个铀原子既衰变了又没衰变
And still further,the poisonous
进一步来说 瓶中的毒气
gas has both killed and not killed the cat.
既杀死又没杀死那只猫
And this is the paradox:
这就出现了悖论
a single cat that is both dead and alive at the same time.
在同一个时刻一只猫既死了又还活着
That's what Schrodinger couldn't buy and neither could Hugh.
这是薛定谔无法认同的事 休也一样
In the winter of 1954,sometime
在1954年的冬天
after the Bohr lecture,
在玻尔演讲之后的某个时刻
fortified by some sherry and a chat
在和玻尔的助手奥格·彼得森
with Bohr's assistant Aage Petersen,
一席谈话以及雪利酒的催化下
Hugh came up with the theory of parallel universes.
休设想出了平行宇宙的理论
Hugh argued that everything in the universe,big and small,
他主张在这宇宙的每件事 不论大小
obeys the laws of quantum mechanics.
都遵守量子力学的规律
And instead of the observer,
作为观测者的替代
Hugh introduced the notion of splitting.
休引进了一种分♥裂♥的概念
Splitting occurs every time a quantum event happens,
分♥裂♥在任一量子事件发生时都伴随发生
and this is how parallel universes are created.
平行宇宙也就因此产生了
How does my father's theory solve
我父亲的理论是如何解释