野性英伦（2023）

苏格兰高地的喀里多尼亚松林
The Caledonian pinewoods of the Scottish Highlands.
是凯恩戈姆国家公园最古老的土地之一
This patch in the Cairngorms National Park is one of the oldest
这片古老的野生森林遗迹
remnants of this ancient, wild wood.
同样是一部古老的戏剧舞台
It's the stage for an equally ancient drama.
林地金雕
Woodland-dwelling golden eagles.
这些鸟显然在空旷的原始森林
These birds are clearly at home amongst the open,
落地安家
old-growth forest.
金雕曾经飞往英国及爱尔兰的大部分高地
Golden eagles once flew across much of the uplands of Britain
但现在许多地区都见不到了
and Ireland, but are now absent from many areas
由于人类的迫♥害♥
due to human persecution.
所以它们巨大的三米高巢穴就在这个边缘
So, their huge, three-metre nest on the edge of this
木材现在已是稀罕之物
wood is now a rare sight.
这个巢是两只成年雏鸟的家
The nest is home to two fully-grown chicks
对金雕来说不同寻常
unusual for golden eagles,
在80%的巢穴中 强壮的雏鸟会杀死弱小的雏鸟
whose stronger chick kills the weaker in 80% of the nests.
今天 雏鸟们只分到一只小黄鼠狼
Today, the chicks have only been given a tiny weasel.
这可能是告诉它们该离开的一种方式
It could be a way of telling them it's almost time to leave.
这些原生松树林只剩下1%
Only 1% of these native pine forests are left,
所以当幼鸟长出羽毛
so when the chicks do fledge,
它们找到属于自己巢穴的机会很小
their chances of finding a woodland nest of their own are slim.
像这样的古老林地现在非常稀少和珍贵
Ancient woodlands like these are now rare and precious.
这棵壮观的橡树对我来说是一棵非常特别的树
This magnificent oak is a very special tree for me.
我知道已经有70多年了
I've known it for over 70 years.
这听起来可能很长
That may sound a long time,
但这只相当于这棵树生命的十分之一
but it's only about a tenth of the life of this tree.
它可能有700多年的历史了
It's probably over 700 years old.
仅在英格兰 我们拥有的古橡树就比整个英国都多
In England alone, we have more ancient oaks than the whole
是欧洲其他国家的总和
of the rest of Europe put together.
自从我出生以来 我们已经失去了几乎一半的原始林地
But since I was born, we have lost almost half of our ancient woodland,
现在欧洲是森林覆盖最少的国家之一
and now we are one of the least forested countries in Europe.
森林仅占不列颠群岛的13%
Woodland covers only 13% of the British Isles,
人类的影响随处可见
and human influence can be seen in every single bit of it.
但尽管如此 林地里还是有很多不同的物种
But despite this, there's a remarkable variety in the woodland
仍然存在
that remains.
北方的松树
Pines in the north
南方阔叶林
broadleaved woodlands in the south
还有西部海岸的温带雨林
and even rainforests temperate ones along our western shores.
在这期节目中 我们将带你进行一次季节性旅行
In this episode, we'll take you on a seasonal journey,
来观察动植物如何应对生命的挑战
to see how animals and plants respond to the challenges of life
在我们不断变化的林地里
in our ever-changing woodlands.
我们的旅程从迪恩森林开始
Our journey starts here in the Forest of Dean.
现在是冬季
It's winter.
微弱的太阳光带来的温暖很少
The low, weak sun brings little warmth.
对一些动物来说这是睡觉的时间
For some, this is a time for slumber.
一只小小的睡鼠正在冬眠
Hidden away, a tiny dormouse is hibernating.
但不是所有的林地居民都能睡上一整个冬天
But not all the woodland residents can sleep throughout the winter.
其中有一个特别的问题
And one, in particular, has a problem.
知更鸟
The robin.
白雪覆盖了大地
With snow blanketing the ground,
知更鸟最喜欢的食物蚯蚓够不着
the robin's favourite food earthworms are out of reach.
幸运的是 在这片森林里 救援就在眼前
Luckily, in this forest, help is at hand.
或者更确切地说是鼻子
Or rather, at snout!
野猪曾经在英国各地的林地中游荡
Wild boar once roamed woodlands right across Britain,
但到了17世纪它们就灭绝了
but they were pushed to extinction by the 17th century.
现在它们回来了
Now they're back,
尽管它们的回归并不受欢迎
and although their return hasn't been welcomed by all
但对这只知更鸟来说 它们是无价之宝
for this robin, they are invaluable.
野猪用它们强壮而敏感的鼻子刨开冻土
The boar use their strong, sensitive snouts to rip up the frozen ground.
这暴露了蚯蚓 它们是知更鸟的食物
This exposes worms and they are food for the robin.
这是一种古老关系的恢复
It's the restoration of an ancient relationship
也可能是知更鸟在花♥园♥里跟着我们的原因
and probably the reason why robins follow us around in the garden.
对它们来说 一个拿着铁锹的人只是一只两条腿的猪
For them, a human with a spade is just a pig on two legs.
当冬天松开它的束缚 花朵绽放
As winter loosens its grip flowers emerge.
雪花莲首当其冲
Snowdrops are first,
这是春天即将来临的迹象
a sure sign that spring is just around the corner.
不久 更多的花朵出现 每一朵都为黑暗的森林地面
Soon, more blooms appear, each adding a little colour
增添了一点色彩
to the dark forest floor
吸引昆虫传播花粉
and inviting insects to spread their pollen.
但当地面上的树木成为焦点时 上面的树木
But while those on the ground take centre stage the trees above
同样上演一场戏剧化的花展
put on a flower show that is just as dramatic.
柳絮在早春吸引昆虫
Willow catkins attract insects in early spring
但鸟儿也会来拜访
but small birds also visit,
享用富含蛋白质的花粉
feasting on the protein-rich pollen.
黄色的粉末从一棵树被带到另一棵树
Yellow smudges of it are carried on their foreheads from tree to tree.
柳树有雄有雌
Willow trees are either male or female,
红豆杉也是这样
and yews are like this, too.
苏塞克斯郡的这群树是英国最古老的树之一
This group in Sussex are some of the oldest trees in Britain
它们传播花粉的技术也不一样
and they have a different technique to spread their pollen.
在温暖的春天
On warm days in spring
雄树的花开了
the flowers of the male tree open
释放出巨大的花粉云
and release huge clouds of pollen.
数量如此之大
The quantities are so great
当地消防队有时会接到报告
that the local fire brigade is sometimes called out by reports
森林正在燃烧
that the forest is burning.
随着花粉的飘散
As the pollen drifts away,
有些可能会落在雌紫杉上
some of it may land on a female yew
使其受精
and, so, fertilise it.
在苏格兰高地
In the Highlands of Scotland,
有别的东西在松林中漂荡
something else drifts through the pine forests.
一只雄性松鸡的声音
The voice of a male capercaillie.
在这些支离破碎的林地里只剩下大约500只
With only around 500 left in these fragmented woodlands,
这是不列颠群岛最稀有的鸟类之一
this is one of the rarest birds in the British Isles.
现在是四月中旬的繁殖季节
It's mid-April, breeding season,
这只火鸡般大小的雄松鸡在它的竞技场里昂首阔步
and this huge, turkey-sized male is strutting around his arena.
在树上 一只雌松鸡来了
In the trees above, a female, or hen, has arrived.
雄性的松鸡会这样表演
The male, or cock, will perform like this
每天早上超过六个小时
for over six hours, every morning.
而且很管用
And it works.
几只母松鸡聚集在周围
Several hens have gathered around the prancing,
跟随雄性
preening alpha male.
但是巨大的成功也伴随着巨大的危险
But with great success comes great danger.
到目前为止 其他雄性一直保持距离
Until now, the other males have kept well away
但却被装满松针的胃所驱动
but powered by a stomach full of pine needles,
一个对手进入竞技场
a rival enters the arena.
它几乎有一米高
He's almost a metre tall
体重超过四公斤
and weighs over four kilos.
两只雄性互相打量着对方
The two males size each other up,
先初步试探
with a few preliminary pecks.
但有这么多母鸡要争夺 战斗要开始了
But with so many hens to fight for battle commences.
像这样的比赛很容易以骨折甚至死亡告终
Contests like these can easily end in broken bones and even death.
对手开始处于下风了
The rival is starting to lose face
它头上的羽毛被扯掉了
literally. Some feathers have been torn from around his head.
它尝到失败 并从阿尔法的领地撤退
He senses defeat and retreats from the alpha's territory.
伤痕累累 它的时代还没有到来
Bruised and battered, his time has not yet come
但至少它还能活下来继续战斗
but at least he will live to fight another day.
阿尔法返回战斗开始的地方
The alpha returns to where the fight started,
疲惫但胜利
tired but triumphant.
它的奖励就是和所有的雌性♥交♥配
His reward is to mate with all the females,
然后将它的基因传给下一代
who will then pass on his genes to the next generation.
然而 作为一个整体 这个物种正在失去
The species as a whole, however, is losing its battle
它在苏格兰高地生存的战斗
to survive in the Scottish Highlands.
松鸡曾经在英国就灭绝过一次
Capercaillie became extinct in Britain once before,
在18世纪
back in the 18th century
现在又受到外来干扰
and now a combination of disturbance,
捕猎和劣质的生存环境
predation and poor-quality habitat
再一次把这些鸟推到了悬崖边上
is pushing these birds to the brink once more.
不久后这些非凡的景象和声音
Soon these extraordinary sights and sounds may disappear from
可能会消失林地之间
our woodlands for a second time.
在伦敦郊外的一片落叶林里
In a deciduous woodland just outside London,
春天的阳光使树木焕发出生机
the spring sun causes the trees to burst into life.