野性英伦（2023）

在英国和爱尔兰 我们有着欧洲最富饶的海域
Here in Britain and Ireland, we have some of the richest seas in Europe.
多样的海岸线 如果算上所有的近海岛屿
Our varied coastline, if you include all the many offshore islands,
将超过22000英里长
is over 22,000 miles long,
我们很多人住在离海不超过70英里的范围内
and none of us live more than 70 miles away from the sea.
然而 我们中却很少有人见过海滩之外
Yet few of us have seen the wonders beyond the beach
海浪之下的奇观
and beneath the waves.
本期节目中 我们将带您
In this episode, we will take you
从地球的最南端
from the most southerly point of the
到英国最北端
United Kingdom to the furthest north,
来展示为什么我们的海洋如此富饶多产
to explain why our seas can be so productive
揭示它如今所面临的种种威胁
and reveal the threats that they face today.
每年的冬季 一股暖流 墨西哥湾流
Every winter, a warm ocean current, the gulf stream,
在大西洋上掀起了巨大的风暴
drives huge storms across the Atlantic
远离加勒比海 直奔我们的海岸线
away from the Caribbean and straight towards our shores.
每年冬季 它都会如期袭击岛屿的西海岸
There, every winter, they batter the west coasts of our islands.
整个海洋中所积累起来的能量波浪
Waves with energy built up across an entire ocean
被抛向我们的海岸
are hurled at our coasts.
十多米高的海墙
Walls of water more than ten metres tall
不断地撞击在岩石上
crash repeatedly onto the rocks.
当海底深水被搅动时
And as the water at depth is churned,
它将营养物质带到了表面
it brings nutrients up towards the surface.
这些营养物质与墨西哥湾流的温暖结合
These nutrients, combined with the warmth of the gulf stream,
是海洋生物在这里繁衍生息的原因
are the reason why marine life here proliferates
各式各样的物种 如此丰富多样
with such extraordinary richness and variety.
每年秋季
Each year, in autumn,
海洋资源丰富的证据就会展现在陆地上
evidence of this marine abundance appears on land.
13000只灰海豹栖息在诺福克的布莱克尼角
13,000 grey seals haul out on Blakeney Point in Norfolk.
是英格兰最大的海豹聚居地
It's the largest seal colony in England.
雌海豹一年中大部分时间都在富饶的水域觅食
Females, having spent most of the year feeding in our rich waters,
正准备繁衍它们的后代
are preparing to produce their young.
刚出生的幼崽很无助
Newly born, the pups are helpless
在最初的几周里 完全依赖母亲
and for their first few weeks, entirely dependent on their mothers.
海豹的奶脂肪含量超过50%
Seal milk is more than 50% fat
幼崽们一天能增重两公斤
and the pups put on two kilos a day.
一开始父母和幼崽形影不离
At first, parent and pup are inseparable.
但几天后 小海豹就开始自♥由♥探索
But then, after a few days, the youngsters start to explore.
其它雌海豹无法容忍♥
Other females don't tolerate the appearance
不相关的幼崽在她们的地盘上
of unrelated pups on their patch.
比雌海豹威胁更大的
Posing an even greater threat than the females
是雄海豹
are the males.
体长3米 重达350公斤
Three metres long and weighing 350 kilos
它们来这里求偶
they have come here to mate.
它们知道幼崽出生后不久
They know that soon after the pups are born,
雌海豹会再次接受交♥配♥
the females will become sexually receptive once again.
这只雄海豹试图控制所有的雌性
This big male tries to control all the females
在这片海滩上
on this stretch of the beach.
但它有个对手
But he has a rival.
大块头雄海豹警告挑战者不要靠近
The big male warns off the challenger,
但入侵者根本不理会
but the intruder takes no notice.
只有一个办法解决
There's only one way to settle this.
暴♥力♥
Violence.
当雄性打斗时
When the males fight,
它们不会理会任何挡道的小海豹
they take no notice of any pup that gets in their way.
小海豹的妈妈介入了
The pup's mother intervenes
她让幼崽安全离开
allowing her pup to wriggle away.
最后 战局扭转
Finally, the battle turns.
入侵者开始向大海撤退
The intruder starts to retreat towards the sea.
现在 体型较小的雄性也加入了追逐
Now, the smaller males join the chase.
这只大块头保留了交♥配♥的权利
The big male has retained his right to mate.
尽管经历了这些战斗 布莱克尼角仍然为幼崽提供了
Despite these battles, Blakeney Point still provides the pups
一个良好的人生开端
with an excellent start in life.
每年有5000只海豹在这里出生
5,000 are born here each year.
占世界上灰海豹数量的40%
A remarkable 40% of the world population of grey seals
在不列颠群岛附近生活
lives around the British Isles.
这是我们海洋资源丰富的有力证据
Impressive evidence of the richness of our seas.
在水面之下 财富是显而易见的
Beneath the surface, that wealth is very evident.
来自北方的冷而富含营养的洋流
Cold, nutrient-rich currents from the north
与墨西哥湾流的温暖海水相混合
mingle with the warm waters of the gulf stream,
供养着种类惊人的动植物
and support an astonishing variety of plants and animals.
这里有超过1♥0♥0♥0♥0♥种不同的物种
There are more than 10,000 different species here.
墨西哥湾流的影响是最明显的
The effect of the gulf stream is felt most keenly
在锡利群岛的最南端
at our southernmost point, around the Isles of Scilly.
这里生长着世界上最大的海草
Here grows one of the biggest stretches of seagrass
在英国和爱尔兰水域随处可见
to be found anywhere in British and Irish waters.
海草在全球范围内很重要 因为它收集碳的速度
Seagrass is important globally because it collects carbon
比热带雨林快35倍
up to 35 times faster than a tropical rainforest.
但我们已经失去了将近90%的海草
But we have lost nearly 90% of our seagrass,
主要原因是海底受到污染和干扰
mainly because of pollution and disturbance of the seabed.
然而这些海洋牧场
Nonetheless, these marine meadows
是各类小动物的家园
are home to a wide variety of small animals.
包括这个也许有点令人惊讶的动物
Including this perhaps somewhat surprising one.
刺海马
A spiny seahorse.
这是生活在我们水域的两种海马之一
One of just two species of seahorse that live in our waters.
它们在湾流带来的温暖中茁壮成长
They thrive in the warmth brought by the gulf stream.
海草为它们提供了
The seagrass provides them
隐蔽的环境 便于求偶
with the seclusion they prefer for their courtship.
它们求爱之舞的关键
A crucial part of their underwater dance
尾巴会轻轻缠绕在一起
involves a gentle entwining of their tails.
这种典型的象征性行为
It's behaviour you might think to be more typical
在温暖的地中海很常见
of the warm, balmy waters of the Mediterranean.
还有另外一种生物
And there is another creature
也常常在温暖水域见到
that is also more usually found in warmer waters.
乌贼
The common cuttlefish.
它是所有乌贼种类中最靠北端的
It's the most northerly of all cuttlefish species.
这只怀孕的雌乌贼大约橄榄球的大小
This pregnant female, about the size of a rugby football,
正被一只雄性守护着 准备产卵
is being guarded by a male as she prepares to lay her eggs.
首先 她清理她的巢穴
First, she cleans her chosen site
在海藻上喷射水柱
by squirting jets of water over the seaweed.
有几十个卵已经在这了
Several dozen black eggs are already here,
这是前一天刚产下的
having been laid the previous day.
现在她又增加许多
And now she adds more
一个接一个 直到有3000个左右
one by one, until there are up to 3,000 or so.
一个月后
A month later
在夜里 卵开始孵化
during the night, the eggs start to hatch.
一只完美形态的小乌贼 不比豌豆大
A perfectly formed baby cuttlefish, no larger than a pea.
几周之内
Within a few weeks,
一只雄性已经长到六厘米长
a male has grown to a length of around six centimetres
已经是一个潜行的猎手
and is already a stealthy hunter.
它的视力非常敏锐 能在月光下捕猎
His eyesight is so sensitive that he's able to hunt by moonlight.
但是当月亮消失的时候
But when the moon disappears
连它都看不见
even he cannot see
黑暗通常会结束狩猎
and the darkness usually brings hunting to an end.
但每年只有几个晚上
But on just a few nights each year
一些不寻常的事情发生了
something extraordinary happens.
微小的发光藻类 创造出巨大的生物发光云
Tiny light-producing algae create vast clouds of bioluminescence.
水中任何突然的举动都会促进它们
They're stimulated to switch on by any sudden movement in the water.
即使是小螃蟹呼吸时产生的轻微漩涡
Even the slight swirl produced by a tiny crab as it breathes
也产生效应
has an effect.
猎人必须非常平稳地移♥动♥
The hunter must move very smoothly,
避免给自己制♥造♥灯光秀
to avoid creating a light show of his own.
水藻发出的微光使它能够看到猎物
The light of the algae has enabled it to see its prey
所以整个晚上都在捕猎
and so hunt throughout the night.
一年后 乌贼完全长大
A year later, the cuttlefish are fully grown
这只雄性正在寻找伴侣
and this male is now looking for a female.
但传统的繁殖地却空空荡荡
But the traditional breeding site is empty.
聚集在这里繁殖的乌贼
The cuttlefish that gathered here to mate
都被一个捕鱼笼给抓到了
have been caught in a fishing pot.
它们可能是海洋中最聪明的动物之一
They may be among the most intelligent animals in the sea
但它们却被一个简单的陷阱给骗了
but they've been fooled by a simple trap.
一旦进入其中 就无法逃脱
And once in it, there is no escape.