野性英伦（2023）

这可能会造成严重的伤害
could do serious damage.
这次挑战者撤退了
This time, the challenger retreats.
传统品种的马现在正逐渐被重新引进
Traditional breeds of horses are now being gradually reintroduced
穿越英伦三岛与世隔绝的草原
to isolated grasslands across the British Isles.
通过扩大和连接这些保护区
By expanding and connecting these reserves,
我们就能恢复大♥片♥我们失去的荒野
we could restore large swathes of our lost wilderness,
如果我们愿意的话
if we wanted to.
当野草被允许生长高大
Grasses, when allowed to grow tall and wild,
可以隐藏很少人能看到的动物
can conceal animals that few people get to see.
这里有一个隐藏的小径网络
Here, there is a network of hidden trails,
由英国数量最多的哺乳动物创造
made by Britain's most abundant mammal.
然而 尽管英国有5000多万人
Yet, despite there being more than 50-million of them
这种小啮齿动物也很难被发现
this little rodent is tricky to spot.
不是老鼠
It's NOT a mouse.
这是田鼠 一种小型啮齿动物 牙齿特别适合
It's a vole a small rodent with teeth specially adapted
用来嚼草
for chewing grass.
这只雌鼠很着急
This female is in a hurry
因为是时候喂饱她的孩子了
because it's time to feed her babies.
有六只
She has six.
它们才出生十天
They're just ten-days-old
依然得靠她来提供乳汁和体温
and still reliant on her for milk and body heat.
每次她不会离开她的孩子
She doesn't leave them
超过半个小时
for more than half an hour at a time.
但要养活它们和她自己
But to feed them all and herself,
她必须吃下几乎和她体重一样重的草
she must eat almost her entire body weight in grass
每一天
every day.
她知道迷宫中的每一个过道
Knowing every turn in her maze of trails,
可以在不被发现的情况下到达它最喜欢的觅食点
she can reach her favourite feeding spots without being seen
但她能被听到
but she can be heard.
短耳猫头鹰的听力极好
Short-eared owls have excellent hearing,
它们的食谱田鼠占了90%
and field voles make up 90% of their diet.
只要有一点点危险的迹象
At the slightest hint of danger,
母田鼠会展开最好的防御
the mother vole deploys her best defence.
她僵住了
She freezes.
短耳猫头鹰能听到胡须刮擦草地的声音
Short-eared owls can hear a whisker scratching against grass.
但她必须尽快回到她的孩子身边
But she must get back to her babies.
当草没有被剪短时 田鼠能成功繁殖
Field voles breed successfully when grasses aren't cut short,
意味着猫头鹰的下一顿饭就有着落了
meaning the owl's next meal won't be far away.
在英格兰南部 有几个珍贵的
In southern England, a few precious pockets
白垩草原 数千年来一直保持不变
of chalk grassland have remained unchanged for thousands of years.
轻度的牲畜放牧保持了它们丰富的植物种类
Light grazing by livestock maintains their rich variety of plants.
在多切斯特附近的山坡上
On a hillside near Dorchester,
一个看似空的蜗牛壳正在移♥动♥
an apparently empty snail shell is moving.
一只石匠蜂
A mason bee.
在英国有十几种不同种类的石匠蜂
There are a dozen different species of mason bee in Britain.
大多数都在洞里筑巢
Most nest in holes.
但这一只双色石匠蜂
But this one, the two-coloured mason bee,
更喜欢在蜗牛壳里抚养她的家人
prefers to rear her family in snail shells.
当然 其中许多仍然被占领
Many of those, of course, are still occupied.
她需要帮助
She needs help.
萤火虫的幼虫总是很饿
Glow worm larvae are always hungry.
这些小昆虫可能行动缓慢
These little insects might be slow
但这不重要
but that doesn't matter
当你利用它捕猎蜗牛时
when you're hunting a snail.
这顿饭可能要吃一个星期
The meal may take a week,
但一旦完成 剩下的就只是一个空壳
but once it's finished, all that is left is an empty shell.
那就太完美了
And that is perfect
为了小蜜蜂
for the bee.
新鲜的贝壳是最坚固的
Fresh shells are the strongest
能给她的孩子最好的生存机会
and will give her young the best chance of survival.
她开始往里面装花粉
She sets about filling it with pollen,
当她产下的卵孵化时 能为孩子提供食物
food for her young, when the egg she lays inside hatches.
用碎石和嚼碎的树叶制成的胶水
Using tiny pieces of rubble, and glue made from chewed-up leaves,
她小心地把前门封上
she carefully seals the front door.
但这位母亲的护理并未结束
But that isn't the end of this mother's care.
而她最后一个 是非凡的魔术
And her last trick is extraordinary
因为这只蜜蜂是个女巫
because this bee is something of a witch!
英国有250多种野生蜜蜂
There are more than 250 species of wild bees in Britain,
但这是唯一一个会骑扫帚的
but this is the only one that rides a broomstick!
她收集了成百上千的干草茎
She's collecting hundreds of dry grass stems
用来隐藏她的蜗牛壳巢穴
to hide her snail-shell nests.
她可能会搭建20多个这样的巢穴
She may build up to 20 of them.
我们大约三分之一的食物来自蜜蜂授粉的植物
About a third of our food comes from plants pollinated by bees,
但由于栖息地的丧失和杀虫剂的使用
but due to habitat loss and use of pesticides,
野生蜜蜂的种类正在逐渐减少
wild bee species are in decline.
我们可以帮助它们恢复
We can help them recover,
通过恢复我们集约化管理的田地和野生区域
by restoring wild areas between our intensively-managed fields.
如果草原要变得丰富多样 就必须放牧
If grasslands are to be rich and diverse, they have to be grazed.
我们要感谢罗马人和诺曼人带来的
And we can thank the Romans and the Normans for bringing with them
自然界最好的割草机
one of nature's best lawnmowers
兔子
rabbits.
不像它们较大的表亲
Unlike their cousins,
野兔
the larger hares,
它们挖隧♥道♥
they dig tunnels.
巢穴至关重要
Bolt holes are essential
如果你是鹰最喜欢的食物的话
if you're the favourite food of a buzzard.
一个脚步声就会引起警报
A foot-thump raises the alarm.
但并不是每个人都注意到这一点
But not everyone pays attention.
少了一个年轻人
One less youngster,
但兔子很擅长繁殖
but then, rabbits are rather good at breeding.
一只公的
A male a buck
会给母的两种礼物
offers a female two kinds of gift.
第一 香水
First, perfume.
它下巴下面的腺体产生一种混合信息素
A gland under his chin produces a cocktail of pheromones.
它的第二份礼物就没那么浪漫了
His second gift is rather less romantic.
它在她身上撒尿
He pees on her.
它独特的气味帮助她决定是否
His particular smell helps her decide whether or not
让它做孩子的父亲
she will let him father her babies.
然而 她选择了离开
His choice of aftershave, however,
还没能说服她
hasn't yet convinced her.
悠闲的黑夜也不能
Darkness does nothing
降低它的热情
to dampen his enthusiasm.
最后 雄兔是幸运的
Finally, the buck is in luck!
这个多塞特郡
This giant warren in Dorset
是英国最大的大杂院
is one of the largest in Britain.
这里是一千多只兔子的家园
It's home to more than a thousand rabbits
到了晚上它们都信心满满
and at night, they all feel sufficiently confident
离开了洞穴
to leave their burrows.
狐狸也知道这点
And foxes know that.
所以这是它们通常捕猎的时间
So this is when they usually hunt.
那只是田鼠
That was just a vole.
回到巢穴
Back at the den,
雌狐正在照顾它们四只饥饿的幼崽
his vixen is looking after their four hungry pups.
是五只
Make that five!
兔子们密切地注视着狐狸
The rabbits watch the fox closely.
只要它们能看到它
As long as they can see him,
它们就能跑得过
they can outrun him.
但它们躲不了
But they can't hide.
认为在地洞里总是安全的想法是错误的
It's a mistake to think that you are always safe in a burrow.
如果只有一条出路
If there is only one way out,
隧♥道♥可能会变成陷阱
a tunnel could become a trap.
兔子的生活充满了危险
A rabbit's life is full of danger.
一个大杂院每年会损失几百只
A big warren can lose hundreds each year,
但狐狸和鹰倒没有损失
but without losses to foxes and buzzards,
兔子很快就会把自己吃得饿死
rabbits could soon eat themselves into starvation.
随着农业的发展
As farming has intensified,
我们大部分传统的草地都消失了
most of our traditional meadows have disappeared.
物种丰富的草原现在只占土地的1%左右
Species-rich grasslands now occupy only about 1% of the land.
它们数量减少的原因之一
Their reduction in numbers is one of the reasons
是我们有一半的蝴蝶物种现在面临灭绝的危险
why half of our butterfly species are now at risk of extinction.