野性英伦（2023）

成百上千的鱼卵被粘在褐藻的茎干内部
Hundreds of them are glued to the interior of a furbellow's stem
它们就快要孵化了
and they're almost ready to hatch.
这对它来说是时候担起重任
It's quite a responsibility for him.
它整天都在为它的鱼卵扇动
All day long, he fans fresh, oxygen-rich sea water
新鲜富氧的海水
across the eggs.
定期检查它们
He inspects them regularly
并移除不育或死亡的卵
and quickly removes any that are infertile or dead.
但它的托儿所正受到攻击
But his nursery is under attack.
海胆在吞食褐藻
Sea urchins are devouring the furbellow.
它们强有力的下颚正在摧毁喉盘鱼的家园
Their powerful jaws are destroying the clingfish's home.
它的孩子们仍然被困在育儿室的墙上
His babies are under threat, still stuck to the walls of their nursery.
没有退路
There is no escape.
它们的小父亲立马采取行动
Their tiny father takes action.
它试图通过拍打尾巴来赶走海胆
He tries to drive the urchins away by beating his tail.
但没什么作用
But it makes little difference.
是时候更换策略了
Time for another strategy.
海胆身上长满了锋利的刺
The urchins are covered in sharp spines
所以勇敢的小父亲咬着海胆敏感的带管脚
so the brave little father nips the urchins' sensitive tubed feet.
最后 入侵者放弃了 去寻找更易到手的食物
Finally, the urchins give up and go in search of easier meals.
这条小公鱼救了它的孩子
The little male clingfish has saved his young.
它也是这个社区至关重要的一员
He is part of a crucial community
维持着海洋森林的生态平衡
that maintains the balance in this marine rainforest.
在盛夏时节 太阳的能量结合了
At the height of summer, the power of the sun combines
潮汐和波浪的搅动
with the stirring action of the tides and the waves
海洋绽放生机
and the ocean blooms.
这些漂浮的花朵
The creators of these blooms
是无数微小的藻类
are myriads of floating, microscopic algae.
它们是广阔海洋中整个食物链的基础
They are the basis of the entire food chain in the open ocean.
当条件合适时 它们会以惊人的速度繁殖
And when conditions are right, they multiply at an astonishing rate.
它们不断地繁衍 也是英国和
Their repeated blooms are one of the main reasons
爱尔兰的海域如此富饶主要原因之一
why the seas around Britain and Ireland are so productive.
漂浮的藻类供养着一个巨大的动物群落
The floating plants support a great community of tiny floating animals,
浮游生物
the zooplankton.
微小的生物在洋流推动下 漂浮在巨大的云层中
Tiny creatures that drift in great clouds driven by the ocean currents.
其中有微小的桡足类甲壳动物
Among them are copepods, tiny crustaceans
以漂浮在它们旁边的藻类为食
that feed on the microscopic algae floating alongside them.
其它大多是掠食者
The rest are mainly predators.
其中也有体型较小的
Many of these are also tiny.
像龙虾和螃蟹这样的底栖动物的幼虫
The larvae of bottom-living animals like lobsters and crabs,
有些只有5毫米长
some only 5mm long.
还有球栉水母
There are also sea gooseberries,
它们在水中推进
which propel themselves through the water
有一排排颤动的短须
with rows of pulsating bristles.
它们看起来很脆弱 但它们却是令人惊讶的高效猎手
They may look fragile, but they are surprisingly effective hunters.
它们伸出长长的线状触须
They extend long, thread-like tentacles.
其它被缠住的漂流者 会被卷起来吃掉
Other drifters that get entangled are reeled-in and eaten.
当然球栉水母本身
The sea gooseberries themselves, of course,
也是大型掠食者的猎物
are also prey for larger predators
比如瓜水母
such as the melon comb jelly.
它的嘴巨大无比
It has a particularly large mouth.
当它打开嘴时产生的吸力
When it opens it, the suction it creates
直接把猎物拉进肚子里
pulls its prey straight into its stomach.
尽管我们的海洋资源丰富
Despite the richness of our seas,
气候的变化正使浮游生物的数量骤减
climate change is seriously reducing the amount of zooplankton.
而这对整个海洋食物链都有影响
And this has an effect on the entire marine food chain,
其中包括海洋巨兽
right up to real giants.
我们水域中最大的鱼 有一辆双层巴士那么长
The largest fish in our waters is as long as a double-decker bus.
姥鲨
The basking shark.
它利用鳃上的特殊筛状结构
It uses special sieve-like structures on its gills
过滤掉浮游生物
to filter out the zooplankton.
它们不吃其它东西
And they feed on nothing else.
夏天 这些庞然大物靠近我们岛屿周围的海岸
In summer, these giants come close to the coast all around our isles.
它们通常是独居的
They're normally solitary,
但当浮游生物达到其数量的顶峰时
but when the plankton reaches the peak of its abundance,
鲨鱼们会聚集在一起
the sharks come together.
它们保持队形
They swim in formation.
从这张嘴逃出来的浮游生物 会被下一张嘴捞起来
Plankton that escapes one mouth will be scooped-up by the next.
在英国和爱尔兰的西海岸
In just a few special places
为数不多的几处特定海域
along the western coasts of Britain and Ireland,
姥鲨会聚集在一起觅食和繁殖
basking sharks gather in large numbers to feed and breed.
每年都有成千上万的姥鲨来到这里
Thousands find their way here each year
占全球姥鲨种群大多数
a major part of the global population.
浮游生物有各种尺寸
Plankton feeders come in all sizes.
沙鳗只有30厘米长
Sand eels are only 30 centimetres long,
但它们总成群结队现身鱼群中
but they occur in vast shoals.
像许多物种一样 过度捕捞和海洋变暖
Like so many species, overfishing and warming seas
已经大大减少了它们的数量
have drastically reduced their numbers.
它们是各类顶级掠食者的基本猎物
They are essential prey for a wide range of top predators.
海豚在广阔的海域中搜寻鱼群
Dolphins scour vast areas of the open ocean to track down the shoals.
随着海豚而来的是一个海洋传奇
And following the dolphins comes an ocean legend
蓝鳍金枪鱼
bluefin tuna.
重达700公斤
Weighing up to 700 kilos
最高时速超过40英里
and with a top speed of more than 40mph,
这些强大的掠食者能够迅速解决整个鱼群
these powerful predators can make quick work of the shoal.
蓝鳍金枪鱼已经在我们的水域消失了50多年
Bluefins have been absent from our waters for more than 50 years.
直到最近才现身
And they have only recently returned.
如果想要留住它们
If they are to stay,
我们的海域必须停止过度捕捞
the overfishing of our seas will have to be stopped.
海天之上
In the sky above
鲣鸟正在寻找鲭鱼和鲱鱼等鱼类
gannets, looking for fish such as mackerel and herring.
它们以每小时60英里的速度入水
They hit the water at over 60mph.
冲击力是巨大的
The impact is enormous.
为了避免折断翅膀 它们把翅膀折起来
To avoid breaking their wings, they fold them back
变成流线型的身躯
and turn themselves into streamlined arrows.
世界上有65%的北鲣鸟
65% of the world's population of northern gannets
在我们的海洋中寻找食物
find their food in our seas.
但也许最依赖富饶水域的鸟类
But perhaps the bird that depends most on the still-rich waters
在英国和爱尔兰附近 一种叫大西洋鹱的鸟
around Britain and Ireland is the Manx shearwater.
每年 几乎全世界的大西洋鹱
Every year, our coasts are visited
都会造访我们的海岸线
by almost the entire global population of this sea bird.
在威尔士中部的卡迪根湾
Here in Cardigan Bay off central Wales,
它们聚集在一起
they gather in their thousands,
被我们丰富的海洋所吸引
attracted by the richness of our seas.
每年夏季 有35万对大西洋鹱
Each summer, 350,000 pairs all return
来到了彭布罗克郡海岸的斯科默小岛
to this tiny island of Skomer off the Pembrokeshire coast.
这是世界上最大的海鸟繁殖地
This is the largest breeding colony in the world
岛上大部分地方都是蜂窝状的洞穴
and most of the island is honeycombed with their burrows.
今晚 在夜色的掩护下
Tonight, under the cover of darkness,
它们的幼鸟开始了第一次
their chicks are starting to leave these burrows
离开巢穴
for the very first time.
见此场景 将令人永生难忘
Watching them do so is an unforgettable privilege.
这只小鸟刚从窝里出来
This young bird has just emerged from its nest hole,
也许是它第一次
maybe for the first time.
即将开始它生命中最重要的旅程
It's about to make the most important journey of its life.
而且它需要在起飞前 把握好每一英寸的高度
And it needs to get every inch of altitude before it takes off.
我能看到周边的动静
I can just see beyond me
它们还有很只
there are more of them.
一 二 三 四
One, two, three, four.
它只是在锻炼翅膀
It's just exercising its wings
为这次重要的飞行做准备
in preparation for this extraordinary flight
它将穿越6000英里的海洋
which will take it 6,000 miles across the oceans
前往南美洲 到达巴西和阿根廷
to South America, to Brazil and Argentina.
然后 大约四年后
And then, after some four years,
它将再次踏上漫长的海洋之旅
once again it will set out on a long oceanic journey,
飞越6000英里 回到这个叫斯科默的小岛上
a further 6,000 miles back to this one small island of Skomer.
你要出发了吗?
Are you going to go?
它在犹豫 有谁能责怪它呢?
It's hesitating and who can blame it?
一旦它从这里起飞 等待它的将是一段漫长的旅程
An enormous journey awaits it once it takes off from here.
这是这个惊人物种的发源地
This is the headquarters of this astonishing species
我们是它的监护人
and we are its custodians.