与摩根·弗里曼一起穿越虫洞（2010）

Through The Wormhole With Morgan Freeman S01E07

Part 6 April 19, 2021, 2:25 p.m.

他们必须回到
they have to go back to the beginning
宇宙创世之初
and re-create the first moments of the Universe.
就在大爆♥炸♥刚发生之后
In the first moments just after the big bang happened,
难以置信的炎热
it was incredibly hot --
万亿亿度的高温
billions of billions of degrees.
热量就是能量
And heat is energy.
而能量凝结成物质形式
And the energy congealed into forms of matter,
其中许多种我们已经解开了
many of which we have already discovered,
我们只需相信
many of which we only believe exist
因为我们的公式已经证明了
because of our equations.
其中的大多数
Most of these things only lived
只存在几百亿分之一秒
for a trillionth of a second themself.
它们被创造，又死去
They were made, they died away
但是留下了儿子，孙子等等
and left children, grandchildren, and so forth.
稳定物质中
This cascading down
这种短命粒子的级联效应
from these ephemeral particles
发生的非常快
into the stable stuff took place very quickly.
稳定物质最终凝结成为
The stable stuff then ends up congealing
今天组成你和我的各种物质
to make the stuff that you and I and everybody's made of today.
我们所作的
So, what we're doing
就是在实验室中重现宇宙创始的时刻
is re-creating in the lab the first moments of the Universe,
环绕着碰撞位置
and then by surrounding the site of the collisions
布置了特别的相机，探测器
with these special cameras, detectors,
我们可以记录发生了什么事
we can record what happened.
我们正在模拟大爆♥炸♥后的情形
And so we are simulating just after the big bang,
制♥造♥迷你大爆♥炸♥如果你愿意，在实验室里
making mini bangs, if you like, in the lab.
通过研究成果
And from what we find there,
在150亿年之后
we begin to get a sense of how matter,
我们开始对物质的组成
the stuff that we ultimately, 15 billion years later,
开始有了概念
are made of, first came to be.
乔恩·巴特沃思是一个物理学家
Jon Butterworth is a physicist
供职于伦敦大学学院
at the University College of London.
亚当·戴维森是一个博士后
Adam Davison is a postdoctoral student.
他们是在欧洲粒子物理研究所做研究的
They're two of the 6,000 scientists
六千名科学家中的两位
conducting experiments back at CERN,
欧洲粒子物理研究所，欧洲原子能研究机构
the European organization for nuclear research.
欧洲粒子物理研究所本身——是的，并不是非常可爱
CERN itself is quite -- yeah, is not terribly pretty.
它看上去像是某人在地面上倾倒了一堆锈迹斑斑的砖块
It looks like someone dropped a load of rusty bricks on the ground.
我对欧洲粒子物理研究所缺乏建筑计划的作风
I get the impression that there was never much
印象深刻
of an architectural plan for CERN.
但当你深入地下，当然
Until you go underground, of course,
它看上去像是007敌人的什么设施
and then it's like something out of a James Bond villain set.
这些，作为工程成果是一个奇迹
This, as a piece of engineering, is a miracle.
这是我们时代的金字塔
It is the pyramids of our time.
欧洲粒子物理研究所的核心是大型强子对撞机
The heart of CERN is the Large Hadron Collider,
价值上百亿美元，17英里长的粒子加速器
a $10 billion, 17-mile-long Particle Accelerator.
这也许是有史以来
It is quite possibly the most sophisticated
最为精致的科学实验设备
scientific instrument ever built.
大型强子对撞机创造了最原始的爆♥炸♥
The LHC creates the primordial explosions,
沿着加速器布置的四个巨大探测器
then four enormous detectors along the accelerator ring
拍下了碰撞的过程
take pictures of the collisions.
两个最大的探测器叫做Atlas和CMS
The two largest detectors are called Atlas and CMS.
麻省理工的斯蒂夫·纳恩领导着一个小组
M.I.T.'S Steve Nahn leads a team
帮助设计和运行CMS探测器
that helped design and now runs the CMS detector.
我们建造的探测器
We build our detectors to take pictures of the events
能够记录每25纳秒发生一次的事件
which happen once every 25 nanoseconds.
也就是每秒钟4千万次
That's 40 million times a second
我们有一个想要记录的交互作用
we have an interaction that we want to take a picture of.
我们的探测器是由几个不同的摄像机组成
and our detector is made out of several different cameras.
你可以把它看成是
you could think of it as having, like,
X光摄像机、红外线摄像机
an x-ray camera and an infrared camera
紫外线摄像机和普通摄像机
and an ultraviolet camera and a regular photo camera
在同一时刻拍摄事件的
all at the same time taking pictures
不同方面的照片
of different aspects of the event.
硬盘记录了1T又1T的数据
So, with this terabytes and terabytes of data on disk,
我们必须编写程序
we have to write algorithms
来筛选和寻找研究对象
which sift through and find that event,
千万里挑一亿里挑一
that one in 10 million, one in 100 million,
十亿里挑一
one in a billion event that you're looking for.
在大型强子对撞机的另一端
On the other side of the LHC,
巴特沃思和戴维森开♥发♥了一种方法
Butterworth and Davison have developed a way
从CMS产生的海量的数据中
to comb through the enormous amounts of data
挑选出所需内容
generated by CMS's archrival, the Atlas detector.
这两个人试图绘制
The two men are trying to create maps
描述亚原子世界
of what they think the subatomic Universe looked like
创造出来一秒钟之后情况的地图
just seconds after its creation,
然后与实际情况对照
then matching their imaginary maps up to reality.
通过这样的方法他们希望能找到希格斯粒子
Somewhere in there, they hope they'll find the Higgs.
就像是环绕某个不知名乡村的边界
It's kind of like a border around an unknown country.
我们知道它就在那儿
And we know that it's there.
我们已经进行了能量足够大的实验
We've had experiments that have gone to high enough energy
实验证明具有边界以及超越边界的领地
to tell us there is a border and there is a land beyond it,
但我们还不能看到那片土地
but we've not had really much of a glimpse of the land.
大型强子对撞机将使我们穿过边界
So, the LHC really is gonna let us over that border
让我们看到那片土地测量它，观察它
and let us have a look at this land and survey it and see.
这就是为什么当人们问道
And this is why people, when people ask,
你知道我们会找到什么
you know, what we're gonna find,
“你什么时候会的诺贝尔奖？”
"when are you gonna get your nobel prize?"
我们不知道
We just don't know.
我们知道的是如果希格斯粒子存在
We know that if the Higgs exists,
它会在边界的那边
it will be in that country somewhere,
而我们的设备足够好有能力发现它
and our kit is good enough to find it.
也许需要几年时间但是我们能找到它
It might take a few years, but we'll find it.
回到美国费米实验室并未放弃
Meanwhile, back in America, Fermilab hasn't given up.
这是一场找寻希格斯粒子的竞赛
It's a race against the clock to find the Higgs
在欧洲粒子物理研究所的大型强子对撞机运行之前
before CERN's LHC powers up.
当然我们在芝加哥
Of course, we're here in Chicago,
我们很希望在芝加哥有这样的设备
and we'd love to have that machine in Chicago.
所以我们看着欧洲同行的成功
So we look at the success of our European colleagues
心中五味杂陈
with mixed feelings.
就像是看着你的丈母娘
It's a little bit like watching your mother-in-law
开着你的“宝马”冲下悬崖
drive off a cliff in your BMW.
2008年9月
September 2008.
物理学家们屏住呼吸
The physics world holds its collective breath
大型强子对撞机首次运转
as the LHC powers up for the first time.
第一次低能量的粒子束
The first low-powered beams
穿过17英里长的轨道一切正常
shoot through the 17-mile ring, and all is well.
他们准备好揭开宇宙的面纱
They're ready to tear the veil off the Universe
试图发现希格斯粒子
and try to catch sight of the Higgs.
现在他们提高了能量
Now they raise the power --
达到7万亿电子伏特
one more notch on the way up to 7 trillion volts.
然后
And then...
大型强子对撞机爆♥炸♥了
...The LHC explodes.
2008年9月
september 2008.
爆♥炸♥贯穿了大型强子对撞机所在的
explosions rip through the 17-mile-long tunnel
17英里长隧♥道♥
housing the large hadron collider,
欧洲的大爆♥炸♥机
europe's big-bang machine.
巨大的爆♥炸♥摧毁了
An enormous blast destroys
几百个超导磁控管
hundreds of the superconducting magnets
它们将质子束射过加速器
that shoot protons through the accelerator.
- 很戏剧性 - 是的，必须的
- It was pretty dramatic. - Yeah, absolutely.
花了一年的时间修复
It took a year to fix.
一道电弧
It must have been quite an electrical arc
融化了
to melt through the --
想想那个打开门的
imagine the face of the guy
哥们儿的表情吧
who opened the door to the tunnel.
吔，我能想象当时等着进去的心情
Yeah, I can imagine waiting to get in there right then.
他肯定非常非常紧张
He must have been really, really nervous
想要看看发生什么事
to see what had happened.
你知道，极其令人失望
You know, it was desperately disappointing