与摩根·弗里曼一起穿越虫洞（2010）

Through The Wormhole With Morgan Freeman S01E04

Part 5 April 19, 2021, 2:24 p.m.

我们的三维世界
this idea of our three-dimensional world
是嵌入在一个膜世界的
being embedded in a brane world
若干膜世界沿着一个额外的空间维度分布
separated by a small gap from another brane world
彼此之间存在很小的间隙
along an extra spatial dimension.
我们坐在那里心中出现了同样的想法
And as we sat there, we both had the same thoughts...
那就是，如果你假设
...Which is, if you imagine
这是真正的宇宙结构
that this is really the structure of the Universe,
就会有一个关于大爆♥炸♥的
there's a new possible interpretation
新的解释
for what is the Big Bang.
我们从未这样考虑过，你知道吗？
What have we not been facing up to, you know?
屋里的大象是什么？
What is the elephant in the room?
第一号♥问题就是奇点
And the number-one question was the singularity.
我们从问题的两端接近伯特
We both sort of approached Burt from both ends...
在伯特的讲座结束时，将他逼上绝路
...And cornered Burt after his lecture...
我们补充完整了彼此的看法
...And each of us finished the sentence of the other...
说，“你知道，呃
...And said, "you know, well,
如果这些东西碰撞会怎样？
"what about if these things collide?
会发生啥事情？”
What would happen then?"
“是否有可能，大爆♥炸♥不是开始
"And is it possible the Big Bang is not a beginning,
而是一次碰撞？”
but is a collision?"
他的回答是，“也许”
And his response was, "maybe."
会议很快结束了
The meeting soon broke up,
但这三个人都被邀请参加
but the three men had all been invited
当晚于伦敦上演的一出戏
to attend the same play in London that evening.
我们在火车站台碰面
We met at the train platform,
我们开始认真设想更多的细节
and then we began to really imagine this idea in more detail
如果大爆♥炸♥不是开始
about what it would mean if the Big Bang were not a beginning
而是一场碰撞
but the Big Bang were a collision.
然后，我们登上去伦敦的火车
And then we had a train ride to London,
我们用非常松散，非常非结构化非常非数学化的方式
where we just brainstormed about this
头脑风暴了一把
in a very loose and unstructured and unmathematical way.
我们问自己这样的问题“我们能发现新东西
We asked ourselves the question, "could we invent something
与膨胀的说法不同
"which was different than the inflationary picture,
与标准说法不同的东西吗？”
that was different than the standard picture?"
我们有了某种原始的想法
We had some rough ideas how to do it,
但一切还不太明朗
but it wasn't at all obvious.
火车前进，时光飞逝
Time was flying past us as the train was moving along.
这是难得一遇的时机
It's one of those rare occasions
你和别人讨论
when you're having a conversation
然后感到某种令人激动想法渐渐成形
and you feel like a really exciting idea is emerging --
第六感告诉我
sort of that sixth sense
一些重要的事情正在发生
that something important is happening.
和这些原始的想法一起出现关于事物运行的规律
Coming up with this rough idea for how things might work
当然，很激动人心
is, of course, exciting.
但有这样一个想法
But in having an idea like that,
并打算继续研究它
and then deciding to really pursue it,
你等于把自己投入若干年的苦难
you are condemning yourself to years of misery,
因为你必须给它充实血肉
because you now have to flesh this out.
为了解决这个神秘问题，尼尔和保罗
And to solve this mystery, Neil and Paul
会进行人类意识最困难的
would turn to one of the toughest mental challenges
挑战之一
of the human mind --
11维空间的难以置信的怪异世界
the incredibly strange world of 11-dimensional space...
而且许多宇宙平行于我们的宇宙
And Universes parallel to our own.
爱因斯坦是一个令人敬畏的思想者
Albert Einstein was a formidable thinker.
他关于相对性的理论是开创性的进步
His theories of relativity were groundbreaking developments
为一个世纪的宇宙学研究提供了启示
that triggered a century of cosmic insights.
但更为基本和重要的是
But even more fundamental
他意识到时间和空间是纠缠一体的
was his realization that time and space are intertwined.
空间的三个维度
The three dimensions of space
实际上是一个被称为“时空”的
are really part of a four-dimensional fabric
四维构造的一部分
called "space-time."
现在，在理论物理学有一个新进展
But now there's a new movement in theoretical physics.
称为“弦理论”
It's called "string theory."
从弦理论中派生出了“M理论”
And out of string theory comes "m-theory."
在M理论中，没有四维
In m-theory, there are not four,
而是令人震惊的11维
but an astounding 11 dimensions --
空间的10个维度加上时间维
10 dimensions of space plus one of time.
啊，什么是M理论？啊，好
Uh, what is m-theory? Uh, okay.
嗯，啊，M理论是一个尝试，啊
So, uh, m-theory is an attempt to, uh --
让我再来一遍
let me start again.
三维的无限世界拉伸
Three-dimensional infinite worlds stretching off --
啊，让我再来一遍
uh, let me start again.
为什么一个人会考虑
Why would one even think about --
到底怎么做才能说完2句话而不会让人觉得偶发疯？
how does one make that not sound crazy in two sentences?
哦，M理论是
So, m-theory is a...
有希望成为，一统的理论
Promising, unified theory
统一我们在自然界发现的
of all the fundamental forces and constituents
所有的基本作用和组分
that we observe in nature.
某种意义上，你可以这样描述它
In a sense, you could describe it
作为整个20世纪，理论物理学
as the culmination of all the developments
研究成果的总高♥潮♥
in theoretical physics over the 20th century.
为了建立这个理论
In order to make this theory work,
需要比通常的三维空间更多的维度
one needs to have more than the usual three spatial dimensions,
所以在M理论中关键的一点是
so a key idea behind m-theory
我们身处的空间
is that there are more than the three dimensions of space
是超过三维的
that we experience.
有隐藏的维度
There are hidden dimensions.
实际上，有7个更多的维度
In fact, there are seven more,
我们感觉不到它们的原因是
and the reason we're not aware of them
它们是如此，如此微小我们需要一个威力十分巨大的
is that they are so, so tiny that in order to see them,
显微镜才能看到
you'd need an enormously powerful microscope
一个前所未有的显微镜
far more powerful than any we have.
我们的三维世界存在于一个表面
Our three-dimensional world lives in a surface
表面嵌在空间中该空间具有额外的空间维度
embedded in a space with an extra spatial dimension
在这个维度上，该表面与其它表面彼此分开
that separates it from another such surface.
从这些额外维度中出现了一种可能性
One possibility that springs from these extra dimensions
也许另一个三维世界
is that this other three-dimensional world
就藏在我们身边很近的地方
could be just a fraction of a centimeter from ours
而我们却看不到
and yet hidden from our view.
这些表面被叫做“膜”
These surfaces are called "branes,"
就像是“细胞膜”
standing for "membrane,"
是为了提醒我们这些表面是弹性的
which is to remind us that these surfaces are elastic.
它们能够拉伸，扭动，弯曲
They can stretch, they can wiggle, they can warp.
它们能够沿额外维度移♥动♥
They can move along this extra dimension.
我们发现的所有粒子
All of the particles we're made of
实际上是由微小的膜卷成的
are actually curled-up little branes.
我们身处其中的空间
And all the dimensions of space we travel in
所有的维度都是由膜组成的
are comprised of branes themselves.
宇宙中的万物
And so everything in the Universe
都是由这些几何物体组成的
is composed of these geometrical objects.
我不知道我是否能够重复刚才所说的话
I don't know if I can repeat that again.
注意
Caution --
你们刚进入了“膜世界”
you have entered a place called "brane world."
我们像苍蝇撞上苍蝇纸一样，陷入了我们的膜世界
We're stuck like flies on fly paper on our brane world.
我们只是找不到额外维
We simply can't reach out into the extra dimension --
即使其他的膜世界仅在10的负30次方厘米之外
even 10 to the minus-30 centimeters --
我们也无法触摸到
to touch the other brane world.
这个膜世界理论还很粗糙
It was through this world of branes
保罗和尼尔
that Paul and Neil
坎坷前行，试图建立一个有潜力的激进的新理论
stumbled onto a potentially radical new theory
新理论能够解释在宇宙起始之前发生了什么事
of what happened before the beginning.
这样，在这儿我有一块布料
So, here I have a piece of material,
看上去像是一个2维物体
and it looks like a two-dimensional object,
一个维度向上
because one of the dimensions goes up
另一个从一边到另一边
and one goes side to side.
但是，如果我们凑近一些看
But if we look a little bit closer at this object,
从这个方向看你会发现，实际上
and look at it from the side, you'll see that actually
有两块布料
there are two pieces of material,
被一个微小的缝隙分开
separated by a tiny gap.
你可以把这个缝隙
And you could think of this gap