宇宙（2007）
The Universe
第二季
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宇宙（2007）
The Universe S02E18
Part 3
April 23, 2021, 10:08 a.m.
原子核被压在一起
fusing them,creating new nuclei...
聚合产生新的原子核
and, in the process, transformingsome of that matter...
在此过程中将部分物质
some of that mass, into the radiatedenergy that we see and we feel.
部分质量转换成我们能看到 能感觉到的辐射能
And the same processis going on...
同样的进程还在宇宙中的活跃的恒星上继续
in all the active starsin the universe.
Now, as this charcoal is burning,the fuel is getting used up...
现在 随着这块木炭的燃烧 燃料正逐渐耗尽
and you can actually see that.
你可以看得一清二楚
lt's turning into a gray color.
其颜色正在变成灰
lt's turning into ashes.
正在变成灰烬
ln a similarway,stars use up theirfuel.
同样道理 恒星在耗尽自己的燃料
They fuse hydrogen into helium,and so, with time...
它们将氢聚合成氦 这样 随着时间的推移
there's less and lesshydrogen to fuse.
氢燃料将变得越来越少
And the ashes haveless energy content...
灰烬中的能量很少
and, thus, are eitherharder to burn...
因而 要么难以燃烧
or release less energyduring the burning process.
要么燃烧时释放很少的能量
This is the eventual fateof our own Sun.
这就是我们的太阳的最终结局
As it ages, it bloats and heats.
随着年长 它会膨胀和升温
The Earth will be fried to a crisp.
地球会烤成炸土豆片
Oceans will boil away,all plants and animals will die...
海洋沸腾 动植物通通完蛋
rocks will start vaporizing...
岩石气化
because the Sun will be producingso much light, so much energy.
因为太阳会发出强烈的阳光 剧烈的能量
That'll be a pretty gruesome deathfor the Earth.
那对地球可谓是万世之劫
All through the universe,stars that are like the Sun...
纵观宇宙 太阳之类的恒星
are going to be facingthe same challenges...
都将面临我们太阳所面临的下场
that our own starwill face.
They're running out offuel,they're swelling up...
它们在耗尽燃料 它们在膨胀
and they're causing problemsfor the planets that orbit them.
它们在对围绕自己的行星制♥造♥麻烦
So it's not hard to imaginethat there are many locations...
所以不难想象许多地方
where life has evolvedand flourished...
生命曾经进化和繁育的地方
and is now being extinguished.
现在正在步入死亡
Just as each star suffersthe effects of entropy...
正如所有的恒星遭遇熵的影响
so, too, will the restof the universe.
宇宙的其它地方也难逃厄运
But stars naturally increasethe entropy of the universe...
然而恒星自然而然会通过散发光和热
by giving off light and heat...
来增加宇宙的熵
just like this fireof burning charcoal...
就像这木炭燃烧的火
naturally increasesthe entropy of the universe.
在自然而然地增加宇宙的熵一样
Right nowwe're kind ofin a steady period in the universe...
眼下我们正处于宇宙的一个稳定期
where stars are born,live out their lives, die...
恒星诞生 度过星生 消亡
give some of that gas backto the next generation...
留下部分气体给下一代
and you have anothergeneration of stars.
又有了新一代的恒星
But that rate of star formationis gradually decreasing with time.
不过恒星形成的速度会随时间逐步减缓
And as stars use uptheirfuel and burn out...
随着恒星的燃料的耗尽
there aren't enough new starsbeing formed to replace them.
将没有足够的新恒星形成 来替代它们
But the moment we run outof gas to make new stars...
但是此刻我们耗尽了形成新恒星的气体
it means for every dead starin the rolls, in the ranks...
这意味着对于在册排队的每一颗死亡之星来说
there's not a star to replace it.
并没有替代之星
And so that's a badsituation to be in...
因此那就是有朝一日的糟糕情况
the day that happens.
So, effectively, galaxies,giant collections of stars...
因此 实际上 星系 恒星的巨大集♥合♥体
are growing progressivelydimmerwith time on average.
普遍会随着时间逐渐暗淡下去
And, eventually,when the universe...
最后 当宇宙到了100万亿岁以后
is something likea hundred trillion years old...
there will be essentiallyno stars still shining.
将基本上不再有闪烁的星星了
The universe will becold and dark indeed.
宇宙将变得极其寒冷 极其黑暗
Any life that depends on sunlightwill rapidly go extinct...
任何依赖阳光的生命将迅速灭绝
as the universecontinues to age...
因为宇宙在衰老
and as there are fewer and fewersources of life-providing energy...
因为来自母星的维持生命的能源将越来越少
from a host star.
You might thinkthe most massive stars...
你可能会觉得恒星个头最大
the ones with the most fuel,will last the longest.
携带的燃料最多 持续的时间也会最长
ln reality,the more fuel a star carries...
其实 恒星携带的燃料越多
the faster it burns through it.
其燃烧的速度也越快
The final rays of sunlightleft in the universe...
宇宙中最后一抹阳光
will come from starsknown as red dwarfs.
将来自所谓的红矮星
These miniature stars...
这些微型恒星
ten times less massivethan our own sun...
质量比我们太阳小10倍
burn thousandsof degrees cooler.
温度会低数千度
Red dwarf starsare much more miserly...
红矮星非常吝啬自己的燃料消耗
with theirfuel consumption...
and so, even though they haveless fuel to begin with...
因而尽管其一开始的燃料就不多
they last much, much longerthan our Sun will last.
但是它们持续的时间比我们的太阳长得多
A typical red dwarf can livefor as long as 14 trillion years.
典型的红矮星可以存活万亿年
That's a thousand times longerthan the current age of our universe.
比我们现在的宇宙年龄要长上1000倍
Eventually, though,even these stingy little suns...
但是最终 这些吝啬的小太阳也免不了一死
will begin to die off.
So when our Milky Way galaxyis tens of trillions ofyears old...
所以到了我们银河系几十万亿岁时
and there's onlya few red dwarfs remaining...
就只有少量的红矮星在那里苟延残喘
you might imagine thatany surviving civilizations...
你可以想象一息尚存的文明
will realize that the end is nigh...
会意识到末日的来临
and they will start crowding aroundthese few sources of energy...
他们会簇拥在这几个能源周围
trying to scrape outan existence.
竭力掏空以求生存
Red dwarfs could be oases of life...
红矮星可能是广袤 荒芜的宇宙中的生命绿洲
in the vast, inhospitabledesert of the universe.
But for a planet to receiveas much heat and energy...
然而对于需要大量热和能量的行星来说
from its red dwarf host as ourEarth does from the Sun...
从红矮星那里获得和地球从太阳获得的一样多的话
it would need to orbit so closely...
就需要靠得很近
that one full yearwould lastjust six Earth days.
其一年只相当于6个地球日
The sky would be much moresort ofwhitish red...
天空要比地球这里的蓝天红上好多
than our blue skies here on Earth...
because the red dwarfputs out so little blue light...
因为红矮星发出的蓝♥光♥少的可怜
you wouldn't be able to havethe kind of nice blue skies...
你无法看到我们这里看到的蓝天
that we have here now.
However, nothing left in the universewould be hotter or brighter.
但是 宇宙间已经没有更热 更亮的东西了
So, there will bea time in our galaxy...
所以我们银河系终有一朝
when there'sjusta few red dwarfs still glowing...
只有几颗红矮星还在发光
and maybejust then threeand two and one as they blink out.
或许就只有那么三两颗在眨着眼睛
And, gosh, when there'sone red dwarf left...
天哪 当只有一颗红矮星的时候
and supposel'm on the planet circling it...
假设我呆在围绕着它的行星上
l'll think, "Man, oh, man...
我会想 噢 天哪
'what a lonely placethe universe is.
宇宙是个多么寂寞的地方啊
"What a depressing future it holds."
它的未来惨不忍♥睹
What happens after the last red dwarfblinks out of existence?
最后一颗红矮星不复存在后又将如何呢？
21世纪的地球生命生机勃勃
Life in the 21st century on Earththrives within a universe...
that has existedfor about14 billion years...
生活在大爆♥炸♥以后 已经存在了140亿年的宇宙间
since the spark of the Big Bang.
But that's no time at allin the grand scheme of the cosmos.
不过在宇宙的宏伟规划里 那简直就是弹指一挥间
lf the universe is comparableto a human life span...
要是宇宙相对人的寿命
we are still in the infancyof the universe.
我们还处于宇宙的襁褓期
Getting a grasp of the timethat has already elapsed...
领悟过去以及未来的时光让人头大不已
and the time span still to comecan boggle the mind.
To gain a perspectiveof the vast time scales of the universe...
为了获得宇宙时间尺度的远景
let's compress the roughly14-billion-year history of the universe...
让我们来把宇宙的140亿年历史
into one normal calendaryear.
压缩成一个普通的日历
But we'll call thisa cosmic calendar.
不过我们会将其称为宇宙日历
So the Big Bang occurredon NewYear's, January1st.
这样大爆♥炸♥发生在元旦 1月1日
On that scale, our Milky Way galaxyformed near the end of January...
在日历牌上 我们银河系形成于1月末
and our solar system formedaround the beginning ofAugust or so...
我们的太阳系大约形成于8月初
about two-thirds of the waythrough the year.
一年过去了三分之二
Life formed sometimea little bit later in August...
生命出现在8月晚些的某个时间
but humans formedless than a day ago.
不过人类出现还不到一天时间
So, on December 31st sometime,humans finally arose.
所以 在12月31日的某个时间 人类终于出现了
We can also lookinto the future...
我们同样可以展望未来
on the same cosmic calendartime scale.
就利用同一个宇宙日历的时间尺度
Near the end of Januaryof this coming year...
在来年的1月底
our Earth will becomequite inhospitable.
我们的地球变得相当不友好
By around May or so,our Sun will have died...
到了5月前后 我们的太阳行将死亡
but there are some other stars,the low-mass stars...
不过还有其它一些恒星 低质量的恒星
which will livefor much, much longer...
会存活得很长 很长
up to10,000of these cosmic years.
活过这样的宇宙年1万岁
That's 10,000 times longer thanthe entire history of the universe...
那比整个宇宙历史长出了1万倍
before these final longest-livingred dwarf stars die off.
然后那些最长命的红矮星才会退出历史舞台
But then what happens?
那么接下来是怎么个情形呢？
When we talk aboutthe extremely distant future...
在我们讨论极其遥远的未来时
we're talking aboutimmense spans of time...
讨论的是极大的时间跨度
time measuredin quadrillions ofyears...
时间以千万亿年计
and septillions ofyears...
宇宙（2007）
The Universe
剧集 | 宇宙（2007） | 导航列表