宇宙（2007）
The Universe
第二季
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宇宙（2007）
The Universe S02E15
Part 3
April 23, 2021, 10:07 a.m.
或许会穿越数十乃至数百英里
and a few miles tall.
会有几英里高
Often referred toas the Red Planet...
通常一说起红色星球
Mars is a dustyand dismal place.
火星就是个尘土飞扬的荒漠之地
lts surfaceis covered by sand.
其表面覆盖着沙层
Apparently, there isno liquid water on the surface.
很显然 其表面没有液态水
And in this dusty terrain,when the Sun rises, trouble starts.
在这个尘土飞扬的地区 太阳一旦升起 麻烦也就开始了
Dust devils can behundreds ofyards wide...
尘暴可以宽达数百码
and half a mile or more tall...
半英里甚至更高
spinning seventy miles an houracross the surface...
以时速70英里盘旋扫过地表
and they have similaritiesto Earth's own tornadoes.
它们可是地球龙♥卷♥风♥的同类
As far as the basic forcesinside a dust devil...
至于尘暴里的基本力量
they're pretty similarto in a tornado.
非常类似于龙♥卷♥风♥里的
They're both thin vortices that rotateand are low-pressure centers.
两者都是在细长的漩涡里 在低压中心
Yet a tornadois much, much stronger...
然而 龙♥卷♥风♥要强烈得多得多
often by an order of magnitudein wind speed.
往往达到风速的数量级
The power of a tornadois undeniable.
龙♥卷♥风♥的能量是毋庸置疑的
And scientistsat lowa State University...
爱荷华州立大学的科学家
can't seem to get enoughof these violent storms.
似乎没法充分获得过这些暴风
Here they have built the largesttornado simulator in the world...
他们在这里建造了世界上最大的龙♥卷♥风♥模拟器
to understand vortex formation.
来了解漩涡的形成
Understanding the power of a tornadoon a small scale here...
了解小尺度龙♥卷♥风♥的能量
might lead scientiststo understand these beasts...
有可能让科学家了解哪些更大尺度
on a granderor even galactic scale.
甚至星系尺度上的龙♥卷♥风♥
Scientists use dry iceand packing peanuts...
科学家利用干冰和包装的花生
to observe vortex behavior.
来观察漩涡的情形
We have a six-foot-diameterfanon top of me, as you can see...
上方有个6英尺直径的风扇 如你所见
which produces the suction.
它可以产生吸力
And the flow goes up and comesthrough the outer duct...
气流上升 穿过外面的管道
and it's rotating.
旋转起来
And then the flow convergesto the center...
然后气流集中到中心
and again goes up.And as it's going up...
再次升起 在其升起时
it produces the vortexof a certain size, which we can control.
会形成一定规模的旋风 是我们能够控制的
Combined, these elementsperfectly mimic...
这些因素结合起来可以理想地模拟
the formation of a vortex...
旋风的形成
as it swells from its baseand grows to a funnel.
随着它的增强 从底部形成了一个漏斗
Scientists know that,just like tornadoes on Earth...
科学家了解到 和地球上的龙♥卷♥风♥一样
dust devils formfrom the ground up.
尘暴是从地面往上形成的
Sunlight comes downand heats up the surface...
阳光照射 加热地面
and that heatneeds to be convected away...
而热量需要通过热气团来对流
by hot blobs of air.
As these hot blobs move awayfrom the surface, air is drawn in.
热气团从地面离开后 空气会被吸进去
And just like an ice skaterpulling in her arms...
就像滑冰者收拢自己的手臂一样
that air spins up,moving faster and faster...
空气旋转会越来越快
and with those higher speeds...
在高速带动下
kicks dustup into the atmosphere.
会将尘埃卷入大气层
As this hot blob of airmoves away from the surface...
随着热气团在地表的移♥动♥
the dust devil will becometaller and stronger...
尘暴会升高 变得更强
reaching altitudes of severalhundred meters or more...
直到数百米甚至更高
and widths of typicallya hundred meters...
宽度通常有数百米
and will get stronger...
会变得更强
as dust continuesto be injected into its interior.
尘埃会源源不断流入其中
And then, the dust devilwill move off into the distance.
然后 尘暴会消失在远方
However,if a future space colonist...
然而 一旦未来的火星殖民者
was trappedin a Mars dust devil...
被困在尘暴中
it wouldn't be fatal.
是不会危及生命的
The atmosphere on Marsis very thin...
火星上的大气非常稀薄
so the wind could be blowing on you,and you'd barely feel it.
所以风吹到你身上 也几乎觉察不到
The pressure on youwould be relatively low...
你身上的气压相对较低
so you're not going to say,"Oh, what was that?
所以你不会嚷嚷 “噢 怎么回事
"l just got bowled overby a dust devil."
“我居然被尘暴击倒了”
That's not going to happen.
那种情况是不会发生的
The final galactic tornado eventon the countdown is a true mystery.
最后盘点的星际龙♥卷♥风♥事件是个真正的谜团
And it turns theories behindtornado formation upside down.
原来龙♥卷♥风♥形成背后的理论颠倒了
The final tornado on the countdownis double trouble.
最后盘点的龙♥卷♥风♥是个双重麻烦
Venus, once viewedas a romantic planet...
金星 曾经被视为浪漫之星
has some truly horrificweather conditions.
有着非常可怕的天气情况
Oppressive heat witha greenhouse effect gone amok...
温室效应肆虐带来的闷热
this is one planet that isconstantly trying to cool itself off...
这颗行星在不断设法自我冷却
with no success.
没有得逞
Venus isa fascinatingly hostile place.
金星是个迷人的不友好之地
lt's so hostile that evenour machines that we send there...
它非常不友好 以至于即使我们把机器送上去
they work for, like, a few minutes,and then the components melt.
工作上几分钟 零件就会融化掉了
As a result ofthis constant heat,storms are always present on Venus...
由于持续的高温 风暴始终存在于金星上
and this makes for one ofthe mostinteresting vortex events ever observed.
这就产生了一个从未见过的最有趣的漩涡
There's a giant,upside down, twin tornado...
一对巨大的 上下颠倒的龙♥卷♥风♥
permanently existingat the pole ofVenus.
固定不变地存在于金星的极地
Ever since the Venus ExpressOrbiter sent back...
自金星快车探测器发回了壮丽的金星图像以来
magnificent images ofVenus...
scientists have struggledto understand the twin vortexes...
科学家一直致力于了解颠倒运行于
running upside downat her south polar region.
其南极地区的孪生漩涡
ln a sense,it's an upside down tornado...
某种意义上 它是个颠倒的龙♥卷♥风♥
because the air is funnelingfrom the top part of that spiral...
因为空气是从漩涡的顶部漏向地面
down towards the ground...
whereas a typical tornadoon Earth...
而地球上典型的龙♥卷♥风♥
you think of the air kind of risingup through the funnel.
你会看到是通过漏斗往上升的
And the strange thingis that it's a double vortex.
奇怪的是那是个双龙♥卷♥风♥
That is,picture two giant tornadoes...
也就是 反映出两个巨大的龙♥卷♥风♥
sort of rotatingaround each other.
好像是互相缠绕着
And you can see the two lobes,the two halves of it here.
你可以看到两个波瓣 它分成了两半
Scientists believe the vortexes...
科学家认为漩涡是大气中热传导导致的
are a result of heat transferin the atmosphere.
Heat rises atVenus' equator...
热从金星的赤道升起
then sinks at the coolest sectionof the planet.
然后下沉到星球最冷的地方
Like a bathtub draining,where the water is--
宛如浴缸放水 其中的水...
That flow is concentratedon the drain...
水流集中排放 就会形成旋转
and it leadsto this spinning motion.
Why it's a double vortex,we don't really understand that.
为何它会是双龙♥卷♥风♥ 我们确实无法理解
lt's still mysterious.
它始终是个谜
This storm isan enormous presence on Venus.
这个风暴在火星上很庞大
lt's thousands of miles across.
有数千英里宽
The winds it generatesare hundreds of miles an hour...
其产生的风达到了时速数百英里
and these vortexes area permanent fixture on Venus.
这些漩涡是金星上的固定标志
Weather takesmany strange forms in space...
太空中的天气千奇百怪
even rain.
包括下雨
But other planetshave atmospheres...
不过其他行星的大气层
made up of different chemicals.
是由不同的化学成分构成的
ln turn, rain is formed...
话说回来 降雨的成分
from ingredientsthat would be lethal to humans.
对人类将会是致命的
And these toxic rains...
这些有毒降雨
are some of the worstyou'll find anywhere in space.
是你在太空中所见到的最糟糕的
Far out past the rings of Saturn...
远远经过土星之环
lies the second biggest moonin the solar system...
有一颗太阳系里第二大的卫星
Titan.
土卫六
2005年 卡西尼 - 惠更斯探测器穿越土卫六的大气层
ln 2005, the Huygens-Cassini probepierced Titan's atmosphere...
landing on its surface.
登陆其表面
What it discovered was a placewith features eerily similar to Earth's.
发现那是个地貌与地球极为相似的地方
Titan is the only planetarybody in the solar system...
土卫六是太阳系里唯一一个行星体
that has seas like Earth.
具有类似地球的海洋
ln fact, l regard Titanas a deranged version of Earth.
事实上 我把土卫六看作是疯狂版的地球
Scientists were excitedto discover mountains, washes...
科学家兴奋地发现有山有水
even lakes the sizeof Lake Superior.
甚至苏必利尔湖大小的湖泊
And the liquid that fillsTitan's lakes and rivers isn't water.
土卫六江河湖海中的液体不是水
lt's methane.
而是甲烷
l wouldn't want to go swimmingin one ofthose lakes.
我可不想去那些湖里游泳
They're liquid methane,which is extraordinarily cold.
那是液态甲烷 极其寒冷
And that means when condensationoccurs on this planet...
那就意味着一旦冷凝发生在这个星球上
it rains methane.
就会降下甲烷
Rain on Titan isn'tan everyday occurrence.
土卫六的降雨不是每天都会发生的
ln fact, scientists have only witnessedcloud formation a few times.
事实上 科学家也只看到了没几次云的形成
But the evidence is everywhere--
但是证据比比皆是
deep washes as a resultof significant rainfall.
深度冲刷是大范围降雨的结果
Here we are in Tucson.
这里是图森
宇宙（2007）
The Universe
剧集 | 宇宙（2007） | 导航列表