宇宙（2007）
The Universe
第二季
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宇宙（2007）
The Universe S02E12
Part 1
April 23, 2021, 10:07 a.m.
ln the beginning,there was darkness...
创世之初 冥冥之中
and then, bang...
随着轰的一声
giving birth to an endlessexpanding existence...
诞生了无限膨胀的
of time, space, and matter.
时间 空间和物质
Now, see furtherthan we've ever imagined...
现在 所见超乎我们的想象
beyond the limits of our existence...
超越了我们生存的限制
in a place we call "The Universe."
这个空间我们称之为“宇宙”
Cosmic collisions...
宇宙碰撞
they are among the most violent...
它们属于宇宙间最暴戾
and life-altering phenomenain the universe.
最能改变生命的现象
From fender-bendersto high-velocity impacts...
从小碰小擦到高速碰撞
gravity is constantly movingeverything around in space...
引力让宇宙万物不断运动
and so thingsare bound to collide.
致使物体终将碰撞在一起
Asteroids, comets,galaxies, and planets...
小行星 慧星 星系 行星
are some of the objectsinvolved in these energized events.
是涉及这些暴♥力♥事件的一些对象
Yet as violent and destructiveas these collisions sound...
虽然这些撞击听上去很暴♥力♥很恐怖
we may oweourvery existence to them.
但是我们可能得将我们的存在归功于它们
历史频道 - 宇宙 S02E12 宇宙碰撞
Darin Ragozzineis on the hunt for answers...
达林.拉格森正致力于搜寻
to an ancient collisionthat happened far off in space.
很久以前发生在遥远太空中的一次碰撞的原因
Ragozzine has zeroed inon a vibrant gray rock.
拉格森瞄准了一块醒目的灰色石头
lt's the vestigeof an ancient fiery impact...
那是很久以前两个庞然大物
involving two massive objects...
猛烈碰撞的残余物
the largest beingthe size of Pluto.
最大的有冥王星那么大
This gargantuan rock,called 2003 EL61...
这块大石头 名叫2003EL61
is a memberof a collisional family...
是在海王星边上打转的碰撞家族的一员
that orbitsjust beyondthe planet Neptune.
Collisional familiesare groups of objects...
碰撞家族是一群天体
that have very similar shapes,sizes, and tilts...
具有相似的形状 尺寸
as they go around the Sun.
它们围绕太阳旋转的倾角也相似
They stayed ina tight cluster of orbits...
它们簇拥在轨道上
because they camefrom the same objects.
因为它们来自同相同的物体
Objects that camefrom the same parent...
来自同一个行星的物体
should be made outof the same material.
应该是同样的物质构成的
So, by studying the compositionsand verifying that they're similar...
因此 通过研究其成分 核实它们的相同之处
we can know that they camefrom the same origin.
我们可以知道它们是同宗同祖
Billions ofyears ago, 2003 EL61and its family members...
数十亿年前 2003 EL61及其家人
were part of one gigantic bodyover a thousand miles across.
是千里之外的一个庞大天体的组成部分
The mammoth object residedin the Kuiper Belt...
庞大天体♥位♥于柯伊伯带
a repository for objectsthat didn't become planets...
那是未成为行星的天体的仓库
in the outer solar system.
位于外太阳系
But at that time...
然而那时
the Kuiper Belt was buzzingwith loose objects.
柯伊伯带挤满了自♥由♥散漫的物体
The ice-covered rock...
冰覆盖的石块
eventually slammedinto another object half its size...
最后撞上了其一半大小的物体
at a speed estimatedat 3,000 miles per hour.
时速估计达到了3000英里
The impact produced energy equivalentto ten billion atomic bombs.
撞击产生的能量相当于100亿个原♥子♥弹♥
lt also ejected large chunksof ice from the object...
还从物体中弹出了大块的冰
each one rangingfrom 250 miles in diameter...
每一个的范围从直径250英里
down to mere specks.
到眼镜般大小
The fragmented pieces are nowall members of a collisional family...
这些碎片现在都是碰撞家族的成员
with 2003 EL61being the largest piece.
其中2003 EL61是最大的一个
We're here at a clay pigeonshooting range...
我们现在是在陶土飞靶射击场里
because the trajectory of the shardsafter a clay pigeon is hit...
因为陶土飞靶被击中后的碎片的弹道
is very similar to the orbitsthat family members take.
非常类似于那个家族成员的轨道
Once it's hit,the pieces fly out...
一旦被击中 碎片飞出
but they pretty much follow thatsame trajectory as they go down.
但是它们在落下时几乎遵循同样的弹道
ln the case of 2003 EL61...
至于2003EL61
the impact has been sending itrapidly spinning...
碰撞使它快速旋转
like an amusement ride,rotating once every four hours.
犹如乘坐游戏机一般 每4小时旋转一次
lt got hit sideways,and so it was spinning.
它遭到侧击 所以不停地旋转
And because it's spinning so fast,it elongates itself...
由于它旋转得非常快 身子拉长了
pulls itself out, andit's shaped sort of like a football...
身子拔长了 所以其形状有点像橄榄球
except it's more like a footballwhere you let out some of the air...
无非它更像瘪了气的橄榄球
and squash it on one end.
一头有点扁
So 2003 EL61 is the fastest-spinninglarge object that we know...
所以2003 EL61是太阳系里已知旋转最快的大物体
anywhere in the solar system.
There's nothing elsequite like this.
还没有类似的物体
Planetary astronomer Mike Brown...
行星天文学家迈克.布朗
has conductedextensive surveying of 2003 EL61...
对2003EL61这个柯伊伯带中最大最亮的物体
the biggest and brightestknown object in the Kuiper Belt.
进行了广泛的勘察
lt's bright, it's big,but it's also very shiny...
它很亮很大 但又闪闪发光
because we thinkwhen the collision happened...
因为我们认为在碰撞发生时
most of that ice got removedand the things around it.
其周围的大部分冰挪开了
And itjust lefta little, thin layer...
只留下了一点薄薄的一层纯冰
of almost pure icesitting on top of this rock.
在这石块的顶部
And that's whyit's so much shinier...
那就是为何它要比其它物体看上去更加闪亮
than everything elsewe see up there.
lt's that pure icethat's out there.
就在于上头有纯冰
l think that 2003 EL61 isthe largest object out there...
我认为2003EL61 是那里最大的物体
that had a collisionthat formed a family.
是碰撞产生了一个家族
l really do think it's oneof the largest collisions...
我确实认为那是太阳系史上
that occurred in the outer partofthe solar system...
发生在太阳系外部的
in the historyof the solar system.
最大的碰撞之一
The impactnot only created 2003 EL61...
碰撞不仅创造了2003EL61
and its galactic family,it also produced two moons.
及其星系家族 同时也产生了两颗卫星
We're searching for them now...
我们现在在搜寻它们
and something like ten percentof Kuiper Belt objects have moons.
就是柯伊伯带里拥有卫星的10%的物体
But all of these objectsthat we've looked at...
然而我们见到过的所有这些物体
only a few havemore than one moon.
只有少量拥有的卫星超过一个
lnfrared telescopes determinethe size of these objects...
红外线望远镜通过测量其发热
by measuring the heat they emit.
来测定这些物体的个头
Although 2003 EL61is a hundred times larger...
尽管2003EL61 100倍于其家族的第二大成员
than its next biggestfamily member...
this fragmented groupmaintains similar orbits.
但是这个支离破碎的群体依然保持着同样的轨道
The pieces stay togetherand keep following each other...
这些碎片呆在一起 在围绕太阳的轨道上
in their orbits around the Sun.
保持着相互之间的队形
So astronomers can identify collisionalfamilies...
因而天文学家可以通过观察共同的轨道特征
by looking for commonorbital characteristics.
来甄别碰撞家族
So, the distance from the Sun,how elliptical the orbit is.
所以 与太阳的距离决定了轨道的形状
When you shoot a shotgun,the pellets go out...
你扣发猎枪的扳机 射出的霰弹
into similar trajectoriesas the original object.
就会进入散开前的子弹一样的弹道
This is the sameas in collisional families...
同样 太阳系里的碰撞家族
in the solar system...
which follow similar orbitsafter the collision...
碰撞后的轨道会遵循原来物体的轨道
as the original object was under.
And this is howwe're able to identify them.
这就是我们能够甄别他们的道理
So after this collision happens,they are on slightly different orbits.
所以在碰撞发生后 它们都处于少有不同的轨道上
And like runners on a track,if they all stayed in their own lanes...
就像跑道上的运动员 如果他们都是在自己的跑道上
if they all ranabout the same speed...
如果他们奔跑的速度都一样
because the lanes haveslightly different lengths...
由于跑道的长度略有不同
after a while,ifyou looked at the track...
不一会儿 你再看跑道
each runnerwould beat a different place along the track.
每个运动员在跑道上的位置就会有所不同了
And this is the sameforfamily members right now.
碰撞家族成员现在的情况和这一样
So even though they're notnext to each other today...
所以即使它们现在互不挨着
when we look at them,we can still identify each
但我们观察它们时 依然能甄别出来
in terms of the waytheir orbits are...
根据它们运行方式
the way they goaround the Sun.
它们围绕太阳的运行方式
Scientists wonderwhether 2003 EL61...
科学家在揣摩2003EL61是否
could eventually be involvedin another collision.
最终会卷入另一次碰撞
lt seems as though Neptuneis gravitationally tugging on it...
貌似海王星的引力在拽着它
which will eventuallychange its orbit.
最终会改变它的轨道
ln a hundred million years...
在1亿年里
it's going tojust barelycross the orbit of Neptune.
它几乎不会穿越海王星的轨道
At that point, it's hard to guesswhat's going to happen.
在这一点上 很难预料接下来发生的事情
Neptune can either throw itinto the inner solar system...
海王星要么将它抛进太阳系
or it can try to toss it out...
要么将它甩掉
or many different thingscan happen.
要么还有其他情况发生
Objects are periodicallybumped out of the Kuiper Belt...
物体会定期闯出柯伊伯带
and drift in the directionof the inner solar system.
往太阳系内部游荡而来
These icy rocks become comets...
这些冰石变成彗星
as they form long tailsof ice and dust...
拖着长长的冰尘尾巴
when moving towards our Sun.
朝太阳奔来
Eventually, it will work its wayperhaps to Jupiter.
宇宙（2007）
The Universe
剧集 | 宇宙（2007） | 导航列表