宇宙（2007）
The Universe
第二季
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宇宙（2007）
The Universe S02E15
Part 4
April 23, 2021, 10:07 a.m.
lt hasn't rained for days,and it doesn't usually rain...
这里好多天没下雨了 通常不下雨
but, occasionally,it rains very strong...
但是偶尔会下很大的雨
and we get a lot ofwatercoming through this wash...
我们可以看到有大量的水冲刷这里
and eroding this wall.
侵蚀这堵墙
This is the same kindof evidence we see on Titan...
我们在土卫六看到同样的证据
where usually it doesn't rain...
那里通常不下雨
but, occasionally,it produces phenomenal washes.
但是偶尔会造成惊人的冲刷
Rainstorms on Titanmight be pretty violent.
土卫六的暴雨可能非常厉害
We see lots of erosionalpatterns on the surface...
我们看到地表有大量的侵蚀痕迹
that suggestthat some of these storms...
那表明一些暴雨是相当的强劲
have been pretty powerful.
Scientists believe it takes timefor a storm to develop on Titan.
科学家认为土卫六上的风暴的发展需要时间
And every once in a while, enoughclouds build so a rainstorm occurs.
偶尔 大量的云会堆积起来形成暴雨
So what ifwe dosee a storm here?
那么我们真看到风暴又会如何呢？
What would it look like?
会是什么样子的呢？
Well, the big onesare incredible.
大到不可思议
Theywould cover the skyfrom one end to the next...
它们会覆盖整个天空 从这头到那一头
and we would eventually start seeingthese very gently falling drops...
我们会看到和风细雨从天而降
much slower than the rainthat we have on Earth.
要比我们在地球上看到的缓和多了
ln fact, everything wouldseem to be in slow motion.
事实上 整个看上去似乎是慢动作
The winds would bea little bit slower...
风会比较柔和
and the drops would gently land,and theywouldn't be water.
雨滴缓缓落下 那可不是水
They would be natural gas.
它们可是天然气
lmagine a toxic drizzle withthe consistency ofwaxy crude oil...
想象一下 有毒的黏稠原油细雨
all at minus 300 degrees.
一直是零下300度
That's Titan.
那就是土卫六
Back on Venus,there's never an issue...
回到金星上 从来就不存在问题
with getting enough heatfrom the Sun.
因为太阳提供着足够的热量
With carbon dioxide forevertrapped in the atmosphere...
由于二氧化碳永远被困在大气层里
it has a greenhouse effectgone wild.
其温室效应已经失控了
All that heat createscondensation and clouds...
已经到了热产生了冷凝云
thick with sulfuric acid.
充满了硫酸
Here's the irony.
真是个讽刺
Venus is namedfor the goddess of beauty.
金星是以美的女神命名的
The sourceof the beauty ofVenus...
美丽金星的源头居然是科学上最出名的酸之一
is one of the most potent acidsknown to science.
ln otherwords,women are not from Venus.
换句话说 女性并不是来自金星
There seem to be storms andconvection patterns that move around.
那里好像风暴和对流一刻不停
There are placeswithin those clouds...
云层里到处都是一片动荡
that are very turbulent.
Rainstorms on Venus happenthirty miles up from the surface...
金星的暴雨发生在离地30英里处
in the cloud beds,and acid rain falls constantly.
云层底部 持续下着酸雨
The thingabout the acid rain on Venus...
金星的酸雨实际上确确实实是电池酸液
is that it literally is battery acid.
lt's so strong, that acid...
非常强 那酸会腐蚀皮肤 危害极大
that it would eat through skinand do very nasty things.
So whatever's leftofyour body...
所以不管你身体的什么部位
would be burnt intoa charred piece of powder...
都会被硫酸烧成灰烬
by the sulfuric acid.
But the final rainon the countdown...
然而最后盘点的雨
is the most toxic, if notthe most dangerous of all.
是最最有毒的 或许就是最危险的
Throughout the universe,failed stars, called brown dwarfs...
宇宙间 失败的恒星 即所谓的褐矮星
hide in the shadows.
隐藏在暗处
While they're more massivethan our largest planet, Jupiter...
虽然它们比我们最大的行星木星大多了
they are so faint,telescopes have trouble detecting them.
但是它们太昏暗了 望远镜都很难发现
A brown dwarf is a failed star.
褐矮星是失败之星
lt's a wannabe.
它是自残者
lt's a ball of gasthat never quite made it.
它是一个从未完全形成的气球
You have to havea certain amount of gas...
你要有一定量的气体
before you get ignitionand you get a beautiful star emerging.
然后才能燃烧 才能出现一个美丽的恒星
A brown dwarfjust didn't make it.
褐矮星就没有做到
Despite being a failureas a star...
尽管没有成功成为恒星
temperatures on brown dwarfsare still pretty impressive...
但是褐矮星的温度依然相当可观
at over 3,000 degrees Fahrenheit.
达到了3000华氏度
And unlike stars that aretoo hot to have weather...
不同于恒星会热到产生天气
brown dwarfs have cooled enough...
褐矮星会冷到足以经历对流和冷凝
to experience convectionand condensation.
At these temperatures...
在那样的温度下
rain takes on a whole newterrifying meaning.
降雨具有全新的可怕含义
Deep in the atmosphereof a brown dwarf...
褐矮星的大气层深处
it's so hotthat even iron is a vapor.
温度高到铁都成了蒸汽了
lt's a gas like wateris in our own atmosphere.
那种气就像是地球大气层里的水
As iron vapors rise up,they cool, solidify, and turn to sand.
铁蒸汽上升 冷却凝固 变成了沙子
The iron would startto condense...
铁会凝结起来
and you have clouds,big, puffy clouds...
你就看到了云 大团的云
except the clouds would be sand,boiling hot, 1,500 degrees.
只是这云是沙粒 滚烫 温度达到1500度
Because in a brown dwarf...
因为在褐矮星上
you have somethingthe size of Jupiter...
你可以看到木星般大小的东西
but you've packed in 30 or40or 50 times the mass of Jupiter...
然而却囊括了木星30、40甚至50倍的质量
the gravity is very high.
所以阴历非常强
lt could be as high as 300 timesthe gravitywe have on Earth...
其引力是地球的300倍
and so things can falla lot faster.
因此物体的坠落要快得多
The highest moving velocityof a sandblaster...
喷砂机的高速运动
makes it a pretty good analogyfor sand in a brown dwarf.
对于褐矮星上的沙粒来说一点都不为过
ln the atmosphereof a brown dwarf...
在褐矮星的大气层里
the gravity is 300 timeswhat it is here on Earth...
引力是地球的300倍
and these little sand grainsin the cloud would be falling...
云层里的小沙粒会以时速70、80甚至100英里落下
at 70, 80, or100 miles an hour.
lt would be a lot like the sandcoming out of this sandblaster.
非常像喷砂机喷出的沙子
This sheet of stainless steelhas been warped...
这块不锈钢板被喷砂机的力道给扭曲了
by the forceof the sandblaster.
You can imagine the iron rainin the atmosphere of a brown dwarf...
你可以想象褐矮星大气层里的铁雨
coming downat a hundred miles an hour...
以每小时上百英里降下
what it might doto a sheet like this.
其结果就像这块钢板
These drops of liquid iron...
这些液态铁雨滴
they may be 2,800, almost3,000 degrees Fahrenheit...
可能会有2800度 甚至3000华氏度
these drops can really startfalling at high velocity...
这些雨滴实际上落下的速度很高
fifty, eighty,a hundred miles an hour.
时速50、80 甚至上百英里
So you can imagine your umbrellawould be torn to shreds...
所以你可以想象出你的雨伞会
by this hail of molten iron.
被这融化的铁冰雹砸得粉碎
lt would be a real rainstormfrom hell.
那将会是炼狱里的暴风雨
This has got to be the worstweather in the universe.
这成了宇宙中最糟糕的天气
Heat, convection, condensation--the elements ofweather.
热 对流 冷凝 - 天气要素
Alone, they causespectacular rains...
随便哪个 都会造成其它星球上的豪雨
supersonic winds, and heaton other planets.
狂风和热浪
Combine them,and incredible storms are formed.
它们结合在一起 就会形成难以想象的风暴
A storm needsa temperature difference.
风暴需要温差
On Earth, every storm is a resultof uneven heating by the Sun.
在地球上 每个风暴都是太阳不均匀加热导致的
The easiest example is the oceanis colder than the land.
最简单的例子就是海洋要比陆地来的冷
Hurricanes, cyclones, and vortexes...
飓风 龙♥卷♥风♥ 旋风
are the great wondersofweather on Earth...
是地球上天气的集大成者
but also in space.
太空中也一样
And unlike Earth, where stormslast hours or perhaps a few days...
不同于地球上的风暴持续几小时或几天
some storms in spacecan last centuries.
太空中的某些风暴可以持续数百年
These hurricanes would makeour hurricanes on Earth...
那些飓风将使我们地球上的飓风
look like a summer breeze.
看上去就像是夏季的习习凉风
Neptune has the fastest windsin the solar system.
海王星具有太阳系里最快的风
But it also hasa Great Dark Spot...
然而它也具有一个大暗斑
a mysterioushurricane-like storm...
一个神秘的飓风般的风暴
that appears and disappearswith no warning.
出没无常
lt flies around the planetcounterclockwise.
它围绕星球逆时针旋转
Discovered byVoyager ll...
旅行者2号♥发现
it's big withblack and blue features.
它庞大 表现为黑色
lt appears to be a fierce stormabout the size of Earth.
其强烈的风暴如地球般大小
Scientists don't knowwhat causes it to form...
科学家尚不清楚其形成的原因
orwhy it is black.
或为何它是黑色的
lt's a mystery...
它如太阳系里另一个风暴那样神秘
like another stormin our solar system.
Saturn is famousfor its magnificent rings...
土星以其壮观的光环闻名遐迩
but is a little mysteriouswhen it comes to its atmosphere.
但是提起它的大气层就有那么一点神秘了
But sit back and wait thirty years...
然而坐等30年
and Saturn will put on a stormso magnificent...
土星就会出现一个异常壮观的风暴
it would impressMother Nature herself.
会给其母亲星球留下深刻的印记
lt's calledthe Great White Spot...
它称为大白斑
a gigantic storm that develops everythirty years on Saturn's surface...
每30年就在土星表面形成的巨大风暴
宇宙（2007）
The Universe
剧集 | 宇宙（2007） | 导航列表