宇宙（2007）

The Universe S02E06

Part 6 April 23, 2021, 10:05 a.m.

所以引力变得越来越重要
and then dark energytakes over.
于是暗能量有戏唱了
lt's a property of space thatwe don't yet fully understand.
这个空间特性我们尚未完全搞明白
As the universe expanded,astronomers realized dark energy...
随着宇宙的膨胀天文学家意识到暗能量
won its strugglewith dark matter...
赢得了与暗物质的斗争
and started the accelerationfive billion years ago.
在50亿年前开始了加速
So there came a time,about five billion years ago...
所以有一段时间约50亿年前
when the dark energystarted dominating...
暗能量开始主宰宇宙间的有吸引力的物质
over the attractive matterin the universe.
So, in a sense, ifyou plotforce versus time...
所以在这里如果你绘出力与时间矢量表
the gravitational attractionis declining with time...
万有引力一路下滑
the repulsionis increasing with time...
排斥力则一路攀升
and about five billion years ago,the two curves crossed...
约在50亿年前两个曲线交汇了
and that's when the universe startedaccelerating in its expansion.
就在那时宇宙开始加速膨胀了
Dark energy is fundamentalto understand...
暗能量是需要搞明白的关键
because it tells uswhere the universe is going.
因为它会告诉我们宇宙的未来
What's the fate of the universe?
宇宙的结局是什么？
ls it going to expand foreverand get cold and dark?
它是永远膨胀变得又冷又黑吗？
Or is there, you know,some end in sight?
还是有那么一点尽头？
Dark energy now drivesthe expansion of the universe...
暗能量现在驱动着宇宙的膨胀
and it doesn't seemto be stopping.
看似不会停下来
The repulsive effectof the dark energy increased...
暗能量的排斥力增强了
because the more spacethere is between galaxies...
因为星系间的空间越大
the greateris the cumulative effect...
暗能量积累的力量 - 排斥力就越强
of the dark energy,the repulsive effect.
And individual galaxies seemdestined to a lonely existence.
每个星系命中注定将孤单地生存
So it looks as ifthis isthe end of everything.
因此这看上去就像是万物的结局
Surprisingly,the theory of dark energy...
令人惊讶的是暗能量理论
was proposedand discarded long ago...
在很早以前就被物理学上
from one of physics'greatest minds.
一个最伟大的人物提出和抛弃过
He called ithis biggest blunder.
他称它是自己最大的失误
His name was Einstein,and he might have been...
他的名字叫爱因斯坦他可能已经
onto the greatest discoveryof the 21st century...
扎进这个21世纪最伟大的发现
eighty yearsbefore anyone had a clue.
比别人提出早了8年
Science now understands...
科学界现在明白了
that dark energy is creatingand expanding space.
暗能量正在创造和扩展空间
But in the early 20th century...
但是早在20世纪初
astronomers believedthe universe was only as big...
天文学家认为宇宙只有银河系那么大
as the Milky Wayand would never grow in size.
空间永远不会扩展
But Einstein had just formedhis theory of relativity...
然而爱因斯坦就已经形成了自己的相对论
and decided to test iton the static universe.
并决定在静态宇宙里来测试它
But as hard as Einstein tried...
但是爱因斯坦的尝试困难重重
he could not balance his equationto equal a static universe.
他平衡不了自己的静态宇宙的方程式
His calculationsshowed a universe...
他的计算显示出宇宙
that must either expandor contract.
必须要么是膨胀的要么是收缩的
He realized that ifyou hada universe that was smooth...
他意识到如果你看到的宇宙是平滑的
that was uniformlydistributed with stuff...
物质均匀分布的
his theoryunambiguously predicted...
那么他的理论明确预示了
that it should either beexpanding or contracting.
它应该不是膨胀的就是收缩的
So Einstein proposeda repulsive vacuum energy...
因此爱因斯坦提出了一个令人讨厌的真空能
that would hold the universein balance with attractive gravity.
来保证宇宙在引力上的平衡
He called ithis cosmological constant...
他称它为自己的宇宙常数
a constant energy that wouldhold the universe in balance.
一个保持宇宙平衡的恒定的能量
He introducedthe cosmological constant...
他提出了宇宙常数
or dark energy,to hold the universe static.
即暗能量来保持宇宙的稳定
When Hubble announcedspace was expanding...
当时哈勃提出了空间在膨胀
suddenly, Einstein's cosmologicalconstant seemed irrelevant...
突然间爱因斯坦的宇宙常数似乎无关了
and he labeled ithis biggest blunder.
他把它列为自己最大的失误
Now it turns outthat dark energy...
现在结果是暗能量
a concept that he threw awayback in the 1920s, is, in fact...
一个他早在1920年代就抛弃了的概念事实上
the dominant forceblowing the universe apart.
成了将宇宙拆散的主导力量了
Einstein's so-called blunder...
爱因斯坦的所谓失误
will eventually determinewhether or not...
将最终决定宇宙究竟是葬身于冰还是火
the universe dies in fire or ice.
And the betting isthe universe will die in ice.
打赌是宇宙将葬身于冰
ln trying to surveyhow the universe behaves...
在努力纵览宇宙的举止中
Einstein had erroneouslypredicted dark energy...
爱因斯坦错误地预测了暗能量
and what is the total makeupofthe universe.
就是宇宙总的成分
The total amount of stuff inthe ordinary matter and dark matter...
普通物质和暗物质里的物质总量
is not enough to accountfor the curvature of space...
还不足以解释我们所观察到的空间的弯曲
that we observe.
Like looking acrossa horizon on Earth...
如同观察地球的地平线一样
the size of the universeis so great...
宇宙的规模如此之大
the curvature of spaceappears flat.
空间的弯曲表现的很平坦
Add ordinary matter, dark matter,and dark energy together...
普通物质暗物质暗能量加在一起
that makes a predictionfor the curvature of space.
才能做出空间弯曲的预测
And that predictioncomes spot on.
那个预测已有端倪
You get the right answer.
你会得到正确的答案的
Our satellite datanow has revealed the fact...
我们的卫星数据现在已经揭示了这样的事实
that seventy-three percentof the matter-energy content...
宇宙间物质能量的73%是暗能量
of the universeis dark energy.
Dark energy, which wasonce Einstein's blunder...
暗能量这个曾经的爱因斯坦的失误
is now known to bethe dominant force in the universe.
现在已广为人知是宇宙的支配力了
His blundersare our great discoveries.
他的失误是我们伟大的发现
Scientists are at the verybeginning of understanding...
科学家刚刚起步了解
what effect dark energywill have on the fate of the universe.
暗能量将会对宇宙的命运有什么影响
ldeally, we'd like to measure...
理想情况下我们欲测量
how dark energy is behavingas the universe ages.
暗能量在宇宙的成长中是如何表现的
Eventually, when the dark energy...
最终一旦暗能量完全战胜了暗物质
completely dominatesover dark matter...
the universe will enter a stageknown as exponential expansion.
宇宙将进入指数膨胀的阶段
For every given unit of time,it'll double in size...
对于给一个特定的时间段来说都将扩大一倍...
And unless the dark energychanges sign someday...
除非暗能量有朝一日有改变的迹象
and becomesgravitationally attractive...
变成了万有引力
the fate of the universeis to expand forever...
否则宇宙的命运将是膨胀永无止境
more and more quickly with time.
一直越来越快
We don't understandif the vacuum energy is driving...
我们不明白如果真空能正驱动着宇宙的加速度
the acceleration of the universe,why it has the amount it does.
那么为何它会具有那样的量的呢？
That is oneof the deepest puzzles...
那是今天理论物理学有待解决的最大的难题之一
remainingin theoretical physics today.
Trillions ofyears from now...
往后万亿年后
it's going to bea very lonely place.
这里将是一片荒凉的空间
We'll look up in the sky...
我们仰视天空
and the skieswill be practically dark.
天空将暗无天日
The oceans will freeze over...
大海顿失滔滔
and it looks as ifthis isthe death of all intelligent life.
看来仿佛这就是所有智能生命的归宿
lt looks as if dark energyand the laws of physics...
看来仿佛暗能量以及物理定律
are a death warrantto all intelligent life in the universe.
都宣判了宇宙间所有智能生命的死刑
ln discovering dark matterand dark energy...
在发现暗能量和暗物质的过程中
science is one step closerto defining the theory of everything:
科学界向万有理论靠近了一步
One equation that will definethe entire workings of the universe.
一个能界定宇宙整个运作的方程式
Once we havethe theory of everything...
过去我们有过万有理论
we'll be able to answersome of the deepest questions...
我们将能够回答自男人和女人注视天堂以来
ever since man and womenfirst looked at the heavens.
的某些最深层的问题
This could bethe crowning achievement...
这可能是希腊人提出 “万物是什么构成的？”的问题
2000年以来探索自然法则的最大成就
of 2,000 years of investigationinto the laws of nature...
ever since the Greeksasked the question...
"What are things made of?"
For now, dark matterand dark energy...
目前暗物质和暗能量
continue to be the greatestcosmological questions...
是21世纪有待解决的最大的宇宙问题
of the 21st century.
lt's certainly frustrating.
这当然令人沮丧
Yes, l mean, it's humbling,too, to know that...
我的意思是令人感到难为情去了解
you know, all that we knowabout physics...
知道吗我们所有的物理知识
is restricted to normal matter...
局限于普通物质
and yet there's all this otherdark matter and dark energy...
可是所有这些暗物质暗能量
that we really understandvery little about.
我们真的了解甚少
lt's the beginning of a new eraand the mysteries...
这就是揭开宇宙黑暗一面的新纪♥元♥的开始
of the dark sideof the universe.
lt's the Wild Westas far as particle astrophysics...
这里是粒子天体物理学方面的大西部
which is what we call this field.
这就是我们对这个领域的称谓
lt's a property of spacethat we don't yet fully understand.
这就是我们尚未完全了解的空间特性