宇宙（2007）
The Universe
第二季
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宇宙（2007）
The Universe S02E11
Part 1
April 23, 2021, 10:06 a.m.
ln the beginning,there was darkness...
创世之初 冥冥之中
and then, bang...
随着轰的一声
giving birth to an endlessexpanding existence...
诞生了无限膨胀的
of time, space, and matter.
时间 空间和物质
Now, see furtherthan we've ever imagined...
现在 所见超乎我们的想象
beyond the limitsof our existence...
超越了我们生存的限制
in a place we call"The Universe."
这个空间我们称之为“宇宙”
Does our Sun havea deadly nemesis...
我们的太阳是否存在一颗复仇星
that dooms lifeon our planet?
让地球生命在劫难逃呢？
ls it possible to travelthrough time?
有可能穿越时间旅行呢？
lt is oneof the greatest questions.
这是最大的问题之一
What happened to matter'sevil twin?
物质的邪恶孪生兄弟究竟是怎么一回事？
The mind huntsfor an explanation.
脑子里需要有个说法
How did the water on Marsdisappear?
火星上的水怎么会消失的？
And what camebefore the Big Bang?
大爆♥炸♥之前是怎么回事？
This is the greatest mysteryin all of science.
这就是科学上最大的谜团
Big questions,and cutting-edge science.
大问题 又是边缘科学
"The Universe:Unexplained Mysteries."
宇宙之未解之谜
历史频道 - 宇宙 S02E11 未解之谜
Among the unexplainedmysteries in the universe...
在宇宙未解之谜里
one has a particular urgency...
有一个对生活在地球上的我们尤为紧迫
for those of us who enjoyliving on planet Earth.
Do Earthlings have...
地球人真的难以摆脱每隔2600万年一次的灭绝吗？
a regularly scheduled datewith extinction...
once every 26 million years?
And if so, what causes...
要是这样 那么究竟是什么引发
this periodic hard rainof destruction?
这个周期性的毁灭的豪雨的呢？
You have thisenormous explosion.
你会看到这个大爆♥炸♥
Anything within thousandsof miles will be killed.
数千英里之内的东西统统被消灭
You're talking here...
你会看到首先是海啸的冲击波
first of the blast waveof the tsunami.
You're talkingabout the enormous heat.
会看到高温
Fires all around the globe...
大火吞噬了地球
and then darkness.
然后一片昏暗
For millions ofyears...
数百万年以来
enormous objects from spacehave slammed into Earth...
太空中的大量物体撞击地球
with disastrous results.
带来了灾难
One impact in the watersoff the Yucatan Peninsula...
尤卡坦半岛水域遭遇的撞击
is blamed for the extinctionof the dinosaurs...
是6500年前恐龙灭绝的罪魁祸首
65 million years ago.
But this wasn't the firstmass extinction on Earth...
然而这不是地球上第一次大消亡
and it probablywon't be the last.
也不会是最后一次
And it wasn't the biggest massextinction event of all time...
它不是史上最大的灭绝事件
because that onewas the Permean Extinction...
因为在二叠纪大绝灭事件中
in which 95 percent...
有95%的海洋物种和80%的陆地物种惨遭不测
ofthe speciesin the oceans died...
and about 80 percentofthose on land.
So radical extinction eventshave happened.
所以曾经发生过剧烈的灭绝事件
Some scientists believe...
有些科学家认为
these periodsof death and destruction...
这些消亡 灭绝事件曾定期发生过
happen like clockwork.
Some paleontologists founda very strange pattern.
有些古生物学家发现了奇怪的模式
What they found werethe great extinctions...
他们发现诸如灭绝恐龙那样的大灭绝
such as onesthat killed the dinosaurs...
but others, too, didn'thappen at random times...
当然还有其它的 并非随机发生的
but seemed to occuron a regular time schedule.
而似乎是按时间表的安排发生的
That was very strange.
非常奇怪
They were disappearingevery 26 million years.
每2600万年就会发生灭绝事件
lt was beggingfor an explanation.
需要讨个说法
Astrophysicist Richard Mullerbelieves...
天体物理学家理查德.穆勒认为
the explanationfor this periodic destruction...
这种周期性灭绝的解释
is a dim red dwarf star...
就是有一颗昏暗的红矮星
lurking on the edgeof the solar system...
潜伏在太阳系的边缘
a star that he fittinglycalls Nemesis.
他恰如其分地将它称之为 复仇星
According to his theory...
根据他的理论
Nemesis is an undiscoveredcompanion star to our own Sun.
复仇星是我们太阳尚未发现的伴星
lt travels between oneand three light-years...
它以长椭圆轨道穿行于
from the centerof the solar system...
距离太阳系中心1到3光年之间
on an elongatedelliptical orbit.
As Nemesis makes itsclosest approach to the Sun...
在复仇星每2600万年最靠近太阳时
every 26 million years...
its orbit takes itright through the Oort Cloud...
其轨道正好穿过奥尔特云
a collection of an estimatedtrillion comets...
那里聚集着上万亿的彗星
surrounding our solar system.
围绕着太阳系
That's when the orderof the solar system...
到了那时 太阳系的秩序
turns especially chaotic.
会变得特别混乱
When that happens...
此时就会发生复仇星靠近彗星
Nemesis gets closeto the comets...
and perturbs their orbit.
扰乱它们的轨道
According to Muller's theory,the gravitational disruption...
根据穆勒的理论 引力破坏的原因在于
caused by thissmall innocuous star...
这颗无伤大雅的小恒星
causes long-undisturbedcomets...
造成了长♥期♥安分守己的彗星
to break away from theirorbits in the Oort Cloud.
挣脱了它们在奥尔特云里的轨道
Pulled towards the Sunby its gravity...
在太阳引力的牵引下
a billion cometsare sent careening...
十亿彗星冲入太阳系
toward the inner solar system.
A handful inevitablycross paths with the Earth...
少数免不了和地球不期相遇
resulting in massive impactsand mass extinctions.
导致大碰撞 大灭绝
The claim that our Sun...
主张我们的太阳
has an undiscoveredcompanion death star...
有一个未被发现的伴侣 死亡之星
is controversial.
是有争议的
Most scientists believethat the Sun...
多数科学家认为太阳
is a solitary starwith no companions.
是没伴的孤单恒星
But in the universe...
然而在宇宙间
binary or even triplet starsgrouped together by gravity...
双星甚至三星通过引力组合在一起
are the norm.
比比皆是
The majority of starsin our galaxy...
我们银河系里大部分恒星
are parts of eitherbinary or triple stars...
都属于双星或三星
and so the idea that the Sun...
因此太阳不出意料可能是双星的一员的想法
conceivably could bepart of a binary...
isn't crazy from thatpoint ofview at all.
从各方面来看都不为过
lt's an interesting question.
这是个有趣的问题
Even if the Suncould conceivably have...
即使太阳可能存在一个孪生同伴
a binary companion...
astronomers have neverobserved a binary system...
天文学家也从未见到过有这样的双星系
in which the pair of starsare as far apart...
两颗恒星会分得像
as Muller claims our Sunand Nemesis would be.
穆勒所说的太阳与复仇星那么遥远
Muller needed proofthat Nemesis was real.
穆勒需要证明复仇星真的存在
1997年 航♥天♥局的一项使命
ln 1997,a Nasa mission began...
that had the potentialto shed light on the mystery.
有可能揭开这谜团
The Two Micron All-Sky Survey,or 2MASS...
两微米全天监测计划 （2MASS）
used twin infrared telescopes...
利用两台红外望远镜
to scour the universefor previously unknown stars.
来寻找宇宙间先前未曾发现的恒星
2MASS specializedin hard-to-find bodies...
2MASS擅长发现银河系内外难以发现的天体
in and near our galaxy...
and to date, has producedover two million images.
到眼下 已经获得了200多万张图像
lf Nemesis was out there,2MASS should have spotted it.
如果复仇星存在 2MASS应该会发现的
But the surveynever detected anything...
然而观察并未发现任何东西
fitting the descriptionof Muller's death star.
符合穆勒所描述的死亡之星
We've looked.
我们观测过
We've looked real hardfor death star, for Nemesis...
我们致力于寻找死亡之星 - 复仇星
and we can't find it anywhere.
然而我们一无所获
But Muller isn't surprised2MASS didn't find his Nemesis.
穆勒对2MASS未发现复仇星并不感到惊讶
The reason is at the distanceof about one light-year...
原因是在1光年左右的地方
which is the distanceit would have...
也就是它获得2600万年的轨道该处的位置上
in order to havea 26-million-year orbit...
its motion is very little...
它移♥动♥缓慢
and so it would've been missedby the standard surveys...
所以它应该不会错过搜索邻近恒星的标准观察
that look for nearby stars.
Another possibility isthat Nemesis may actually be...
另一种可能就是复仇星有可能是颗褐矮星
a brown dwarf.
These failed stars...
这种衰落的恒星
are much smallerthan red dwarfs...
比红矮星小多了
and with a highlyelliptical orbit...
具有长椭圆轨道
a brown dwarfwould remain farfrom Earth most of the time...
多数时间 褐矮星远离地球
and out of the watchful eyeof astronomers.
天文学家很难观察到
lf that's the case...
如果情况属实
Nemesis could have easilyslipped under the 2MASS radar.
复仇星就有可能轻易逃脱2MASS的雷达
Richard Mullervows to continue looking...
穆勒誓言继续搜寻
and plans yet anothermore detailed study.
计划了另一个更加详细的研究
宇宙（2007）
The Universe
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