宇宙（2007）

The Universe S02E13

Part 3 April 23, 2021, 10:07 a.m.

组装起去火星的飞船
The large rocket is reallya product ofthe desire...
大火箭确实是我们渴求的产物
to ultimately look at Marsin our exploration scenarios.
为了最终关注我们探索方案中的火星
New hardware will also includeOrion, the crewvehicle.
新硬件还包括猎户座 - 载人航♥天♥器
lt will be more thantwo and a half times the volume...
其体积将是阿波罗航♥天♥舱的两倍半还多
of an Apollo capsule.
On its missions to the Moon,Orion will dock with a lunar lander...
在执行登陆月球任务时猎户座将与
sent into spaceon a separate launch.
一个单独发射到太空中的月球着陆器会合
Unlike Apollo's spacecraft...
不同于阿波罗飞船
Orion will orbit the Moon unmannedwhile lunar explorations take place.
猎户座在月球探测期间会自动围绕月球运转
The astronauts will re-dockwith Orion for the return to Earth.
宇航员会再度与猎户座会合一起返回地球
This new crewvehicle willborrow much of its hardware...
这个新载人航♥天♥器将借鉴太空站的许多硬件
from the space station.
And this is a place wherethe future is caught, so.
这里是前景在握之地
1997年前宇航员杰瑞.里宁哲在俄♥罗♥斯♥和平号♥空间站上
ln 1997, retired astronaut Jerry Linengerspent about five months...
nearly the length oftimeit would take to get to Mars...
度过了5个月左右的时间
aboard the Russianspace station Mir.
几乎相当于抵达火星的时间长度
While on the long mission,he overcame many dangers...
在执行长♥期♥任务期间他克服了许多艰险
including the most severe fireever on an orbiting spacecraft.
包括轨道航♥天♥器上有史以来最严重的火灾
A chemical leak ignited a blazethat lasted ninety seconds...
化学品泄漏引发了大火持续了90秒钟
threatening the crew.
威胁到了机组
The things that l thinkpretty much saved our lives...
我认为基本上能挽救我们生命的东西
are these oxygenbreathing devices...
就是这些氧气呼吸器
and during the fire, of course,that had to go on quickly.
火警中当然必须要快速开启
lf anybody knows firsthandhow the hardware...
要是谁直接掌握了硬件
including life support systems...
包括生命支持系统
will work on the spacecraft takingman to Mars, it's him.
那么能坚持在载人火星飞船上的人就非他莫属了
Down here on Earth,you take so much for granted.
在地球上这一切都是不以为然的事情
You know, we're out here...
要知道我们在户外
the sunshine,the fresh air all around you.
阳光新鲜空气围着你
You know, in space,you have to make it.
要知道太空中你不得不制♥造♥出来
You've got to make the oxygen.
你必须制氧
Up there,you're in a closed ecosystem.
上面你身处一个封闭的生态系统
You have to recycle, you know,whatever you can.
你必须尽量循环利用
And the toilet itselfis over this way...
厕所在这边设计极其简单
and it's a very simple design.
For example,we'd take the urine, collect it...
比如小解尿液收集
using a little funnel,little suction device.
是利用一个小漏斗小抽吸装置
For the male orfemaleurination is this tube here.
不管男女都撒尿在这个管子里
We'd collect that up,we'd convert the urine into water...
我们会收集起来将尿液转化成水
water to oxygen,and we would breathe our urine...
水再变成氧我们会呼吸空间站上的
inside that closed ecosystemof the space station.
封闭生态系统里的尿
l hope you've got a feelfor the space station...
我希望大家对我们带你飞过时
as we flewyou through it.
对空间站有个感性认识
New hardware will also provide powerfrom clean, reliable sources.
新硬件还能提供清洁可靠的能源
We're going greento the Red Planet.
我们会保护红色星球的
Solar panels will do thejobon the return to the Moon...
太阳能电池板在重返月球时会发挥作用
but the longerjourney to Mars...
然而在去火星的长途旅行中
will requireanother power source.
就需要另一种能源了
As we get off to Mars,the solar insulation...
在我们启程去火星时远离太阳
the intensity of sunlight at Marsis only about half that at the Earth...
火星上的阳光强度只有地球上的一半
so solar panelsare less effective.
所以太阳能电池板效率不高
We may have to think carefullyabout using nuclear power sources...
我们可能要认真考虑在某些飞船上用上核能
in some of these spacecraft...
and, in fact,people are thinking seriously...
事实上人们正在认真思考月球上利用核能
about nuclear power sourceson the surface ofthe Moon...
in order to generate long-term powerand not have to worry...
以解决长久的能源而不必担心在月球的黑暗期间
about the periods of darknesson the Moon...
where you don't have sunlight...
因没有阳光而不得不携带蓄电池
and you have to bringbatteries up to store power.
But despite all the new hardware,thejourney to Mars...
尽管用上了所有的新硬件火星之旅
will still have its shareof potential hazards...
依然充满着潜在的风险
just like any trekto an unfamiliar place.
就如同涉足任何一个陌生的地方
lmagine you'reon a wilderness camping trip...
设想你去野外露营远离家门
and you leave home...
the familiar surroundingsthat you're used to.
远离你熟悉的环境
You go out on a long trip.
你踏上了长途之旅
Potential dangers, hazards:
潜在的风险危险：
Rock slides, avalanches,getting lost...
塌方雪崩迷路
equipment breakdown,all sorts of possible problems.
装备坏了会出现各种各样的问题
But you want to go anyway.
但是你还是会义无反顾勇往直前
You prepare, you go out.
准备出发
lt could be an adventure.
会是一场冒险
lt could be a disaster.
会是一场灾难
Going to the Moon and Marsis going to be like that, too.
前往月球和火星同样如此
You leave the familiarsurroundings of Earth...
你离开了熟悉的地球环境
you go out in space--
进入太空 -
potential problems, issues,equipment breakdown--
潜在的问题情况设备故障 -
many ofthe same kind of problems...
你在野营中可能碰到的许多类似的问题
that you might haveon a camping trip...
the astronautsmight face on Mars.
宇航员在火星上也可能会碰上
lt could be a challenge.
那会是一场挑战
lt could also be a disaster.
也会是一场灾难
A major hazardthe crewwill encounter...
宇航员会遭遇的主要危险
will be prolonged weightlessnessin the zero-gravity environment.
将是零重力环境中的长♥期♥失重
Easy in, Georgie.
毫不费力乔治
Oh, yes, it's true.
噢是啊真的
Relieved of bearingits usual load...
解除了平日的荷载
the human skeletonstarts to deteriorate.
人体骨骼开始恶化
There's a lossof calcium phosphate...
磷酸钙流失
a chemical criticalto the rigidity of bones...
那是骨强度关键的化学物质
and the number of bone cellsactually decreases.
骨细胞数量会减少
For twenty-four hours a day,you're floating...
一天24小时的漂浮
and your body very smartlystarts physiologically to adapt...
使得你的身体会在生理上聪明地适应新的环境
to that new circumstance.
So, in order to counter that,try to keep your strength up...
因此为了对付这一情况努力保持你的强度
l'd get on a treadmill.
我会用上跑步机
Two one-hour periods a day...
每天两次一小时时间
it's about allyou can muster up there.
让全身振奋起来
ln spite of that, you know, came backat about sixty-five percent...
尽管那样回来时只能达到升空前强度水平的65%
of my pre-flight strength level.
A lot of muscle atrophy...
大量肌肉萎缩
and, more significantly,about a fourteen percent bone loss.
尤为关键的是有约14%的骨质流失
You know, hips, lower spine.
告诉你下半身
You get up in space,you're floating effortlessly...
到了太空中漂浮不费吹灰之力
the bonejust keepsdumping calcium...
骨骼不停地流失钙
and that could be a showstopperon a long-duration flight.
那可能是长♥期♥飞行中的捣乱分子
lt was only through intensephysical training...
在回到地面后唯有经过剧烈的体能训练
after his return to Earth...
that Linengerwas ableto reduce his bone loss...
里宁哲才可以将骨质流失从14%减到2%
from fourteen percentto two percent.
The debilitating effectsofweightlessness...
失重的体虚效应
remain an issuethat must be addressed...
在我们踏足乃至殖民火星之前
before we set foot on Mars,let alone colonize it.
依然是一个必须克服的问题
Research continueson a possible solution.
继续在研究解决之道
A lot of people have lookedtowards artificial gravity...
很多人期待着人造重力
which means you spinthe spacecraft up...
意思是飞船一路盘旋而上
and you end up with a gravity...
最终将获得重力
and that would sort of helpload your bones...
就像是帮助给你的骨骼加载
because when you'rein weightlessness...
your fluids are shifting,your bones are unloaded...
你的血液在流动骨骼没有了荷载
and you lose about two percentofyour bone mass per month.
你每个月会损失2%的骨质
lt would be a large hurdle...
那将是个很大的障碍
because in order for crews to behealthy when they arrive on Mars...
因为为了让宇航员抵达火星时健健康康
they need to be strongfor the entire trip.
就需要在整个航程中得到锻炼
Nobody's ever builta rotating spacecraft before...
之前从未有人建造过旋转飞船
so nobody wantsto be the first person.
因此谁都不想成为第一人
But most people believethat some kind of artificial gravity...
然而多数人相信利用旋转飞船产生的人造重力
with a rotating spacecrafton the way to Mars...
前往火星
is actually the wayto do the mission.
不失为履行使命的方法
Missions headed for Marsalso face dangerfrom solar storms.
火星之旅还面临着太阳风的危害
High-energy particle burstsunleashed from the Sun...
太阳释放出的高能粒子爆发
could wipe out a crew iftheyaren't prepared for the onslaught.
会将毫无防备的宇航员命丧九泉
So radiation is oneof the larger showstoppers...
所以说辐射是一个不小的捣乱分子
in terms of technology...
从技术上说
that needs to be developedfor a future vehicle.
必须开♥发♥出未来的航♥天♥器
The easiest way to deal with thatisjust to make a storm shelter...
最简单的处理方法就是制♥造♥一所风暴庇护所
so that ifyou cansomehow predict...