绿色星球（2022）

it creates a stifling monoculture.
在这里 绢木看起来
Miconia, it would appear,
如鱼得水
is doing very well for itself.
但是今天 它受到了攻击
But today it's under attack.
在地面 一支专门的团队致力于控制绢木的数量
On level ground, a single dedicated team can keep Miconia in check.
但遗憾的是 在人们无法步行到达的地方
But unfortunately, this plant can spread to places impossible
这种植物仍在蔓延
for people to reach on foot.
仅仅一株绢木一年就能产生大约1000万颗种子
Just one plant can produce around ten million seeds a year,
足以覆盖整片地区
enough to cover this entire landscape.
事关重大 团队想出了
With so much at stake, the team have come up
一个非凡的计划
with an extraordinary plan.
直升机在这里降落非常危险
It's too dangerous to land here,
但他们无需冒险
but they don't need to.
一名射击高超的神枪手可以用
A marksman with great skill can shoot the Miconia
装满除草剂的彩弹射杀绢木
with paint balls full of herbicide.
彩弹的最佳目标是绢木的茎
A perfect shot is one that hits the stem,
从而确保除草剂扩散到整棵植物
so ensuring that the herbicide spreads throughout the plant.
这种方法很有针对性
The method is so precise
只需小心地操控直升机准确进行瞄准
that with careful flying and accurate aim,
就能杀死入侵植物而不会伤害其它野生植物
they can kill the intruders without damaging any wild plants.
消灭外来的入侵植物并不是帮助本土植物的
Destroying alien invaders is not the only way to help
唯一方法
the native plants here.
这里是怀卡茂宜保护区 是夏威夷仅存的
This is Waikamoi Preserve, the last surviving fragment
一小片高海拔雨林
of a high-altitude Hawaiian rainforest,
并拥有世界上最稀有的植物之一
and home to one of the world's rarest plants.
刺毛樱莲
Holokea.
野外只剩下57株完全成熟的个体
There are only 57 fully-grown individuals left in the wild.
它们进化出了奇特的花朵
Their peculiar flowers evolved to suit the beak
以适应一种夏威夷独有鸟类的鸟喙
of a bird found only in Hawaii,
镰嘴管舌鸟
the 'i'iwi.
这种鸟现在已经非常稀少了
The bird is now so rare itself that, today,
所以如今这对动植物搭档很难相遇
these partners seldom, if ever, meet.
因此刺毛樱莲实现授粉的机会也微乎其微
So the chances of holokea getting pollinated are very slim.
但一个特殊的新伙伴或许能够拯救它
But a strange new partnership might just save it.
失去一棵植物就好比驾驶飞机的同时取出其中一颗螺丝
I look at losing a plant as flying in a plane and taking a screw out
是的 飞机依然能够起飞 你甚至可以
and, yeah, the plane will fly and you might be able to take a couple
再取出几颗螺丝继续飞
of screws out and keep flying,
但最终这架飞机会坠毁的
but eventually you're going to crash.
汉克知道最后57株刺毛樱莲中每一株的位置
Hank knows where to find every one of the last 57 plants,
而且他每年都会回来充当它们的授粉者
and he returns every year to act as their pollinator.
我们必须伸出援手 充当授粉媒介的角色
We have to step in and play that role as pollinator or matchmaker.
汉克从雄花中采集花粉
Hank collects the pollen from the male flower
刷到另一株植物的雌花上
and dusts it onto a female flower of a different plant.
他不但努力维系着这个物种的生存
He's currently their life support,
还试图让这种植物在没有人工协助下茁壮成长
but his goal is for holokea to thrive without him.
所以 在他离开之前 还会播放镰嘴管舌鸟的叫声
So, before he leaves, he plays the call of the 'i'iwi bird.
汉克希望声音能引来仅存的镰嘴管舌鸟
Hank hopes the sound will attract the living birds,
如果它们来了 就能与仅存的刺毛樱莲恢复联♥系♥
and if they come, that they will reconnect with the last holokea
重新成为合作伙伴
and rekindle their vital relationship.
我相信所有的物种都很重要
I believe all species are important
我们有责任采取行动
and I believe we have a duty to act.
我们不仅需要在野外采取行动
We need to act, not only in the wild places,
就连我们居住的地方
but even in those where we live
耕种的土地 也不能掉以轻心
and where we farm.
像世界上许多地方一样
Like much of the world,
肯尼亚每年有成千上万的本土树木遭到砍伐
Kenya is losing thousands of native trees annually.
这些树木事关当地人的衣食住行
Ones that local people rely on for so much,
尤其是重要的燃料来源
especially fuel.
但是这里的人们想出了一个巧妙的办法
But here, people have come up with an ingenious way to reverse
尽量恢复他们已经损失的一些树木
some of that loss around them.
在内罗毕郊区的一家工厂里
At a factory in the outskirts of Nairobi,
工人们在收集和分类废弃的木炭粉
workers collect and sort waste charcoal dust.
本地树木的种子经过精挑细选与木炭粉制成小球
Seeds of carefully selected native trees are mixed with the dust.
这种碳涂层将保护种子免受饥饿动物的伤害
This carbon coat will protect the seeds from hungry animals
能够坚持到雨季来临
until the rains arrive.
这些是种子球
These are seed balls.
在基布韦济村
In the village of Kibwezi,
金合欢树逐渐变得稀少
acacia trees are becoming scarce,
因为以往几代人都会砍伐它们 用来烧制木炭
cut down by previous generations to make charcoal.
而这所学校的学生们以游戏形式参与到了森林的重建中
But the students at this school make forest restoration child's play.
溶解的木炭粉中含有营养物质
The nutrients in the dissolving char dust
有助于每颗种子茁壮成长
will give each little seed a good start.
哪怕这些种子中只有一小部分长成大树
If only a handful of these seeds grow into a tree,
这样的努力也是值得的
the effort has been well worth it.
每一棵成熟的金合欢树每年都可以结出上千万颗种子
Every mature acacia tree can itself produce thousands of seeds a year.
仅在肯尼亚 人们就撒下了1300万颗种子球
13 million seed balls have been distributed in Kenya alone...
至于散播种子球的方式...
..and the methods by which they're dispersed...
至少可以说
..are ever more inventive,
是越来越有创意了
to say the least.
这种技术多次运用在全球各地
This technique is being repeated around the globe.
这里是种子球作坊
Seed-ball-making workshop.
人们挑选本土树木的种子
People are choosing seeds of local native plants,
帮助它们落地发芽
giving them a little initial help
使一些野生植物重新回到他们的身边
and bringing some wild plants back into the world around them.
但是 我们能否在从事单一作物栽培的土地上
But is it possible, even in our most extreme monocultures,
略微增添一些野生植物
to invite a bit of wildness in
恢复些许大自然的活力呢？
and, with it, a bit of resilience?
我的果园里种植了两种不同的牧草
I have two different kinds of forage growing in my orchard.
在我身后 大♥片♥的芥菜
The yellow that you see behind me is a variety of different mustards.
绽放出了黄色的花朵
And then after the bloom,
芥菜花期过后 苜蓿很快也会开花
we're going to see some clover blossom.
混合种植作物意味着
This mix of plants means the bees can feed
在短暂的扁桃花花期前后蜜蜂都可以得到食物
before and after the brief almond bloom.
摄入的营养更均衡、更健康
And they also get a more balanced, healthier diet.
与此期间 它们将为各种昆虫和蜜蜂提供栖息地
In the meantime, it's going to provide habitat for all sorts
没准还有一些兔子
of insects and the bees, and probably some rabbits.
混合种植有助于建立一个更好更稳定的生态系统
It's a step towards establishing a better, more stable system.
关键在于达到平衡状态
It's about finding balance.
这就是我们在这里的目标
That's what we're trying to do here.
达到一个生态平衡
Find a balance.
人类能否在全球范围内促使野生植物和栽培作物之间
Can humanity globally find a new balance between wild plants
达成一种新的平衡呢？
and those we have domesticated?
农业发展占用了地球上大约一半的可利用土地
Around half the usable land on Earth is taken up by agriculture.
我们真的需要这么多土地吗？
Do we really need that much?
或许并非如此
Maybe not.
有一点值得注意 全球约有80%的耕地
It's a remarkable fact, but around 80% of all cultivated land
是用来饲养供我们食用的牲畜
is used for raising livestock for us to eat.
饲养动物或许是生产食物的一种可持续方式
Raising animals can be a sustainable way to create food,
但在许多地方 要让植物生产等量的蛋白质
but in many places, plants can produce the same amount
培育时所需的土地却比饲养动物更少
of protein on a fraction of the land that animals need.
如果全球范围内素食消耗和肉食消耗的比重对调
What could it mean for wild plants if the global balance
这对野生植物意味着什么呢？
between plant-eating and meat-eating shifted?
听起来可能很矛盾 但实际上我们食用的植物越多
It may sound odd, but the more plants we eat,
留给野生植物的空间就越广阔
the more space there will be for wild plants.
值得注意的是 即使是高度退化的土地
Remarkably, it's possible to restock even highly degraded land
也有可能因野生植物而复苏
with wild plants.
在巴西 养牛业的发展导致大部分森林遭到砍伐
In Brazil, the needs of cattle ranching drive most deforestation.
大约30年前 当时的一位牧场主
30 years ago, the owners of one former cattle ranch
想把拥有的牧场恢复为曾经覆盖整片区域的
wanted to restore their land to the Atlantic rainforest
大西洋雨林
that once covered it.
他们不知道能否实现这个愿望...
They had no idea if it could be done...
面前的这片土地一片荒芜 伤痕累累
..the land was so bare and eroded.
但他们决心试试看
But they were determined to try.
首先 他们清除了外来物种水牛草
First, they cleared the introduced African cattle grasses,
这种入侵植物比大多数的本地植物都要顽强
invasive plants that outcompete most of the native plants.
在附近残存的大西洋雨林中
The grasses were replaced by seedlings grown from seeds
收集的种子用来培育幼苗并取代水牛草
gathered in nearby remnants of Atlantic rainforest.
现在这片牧场被称为泰拉研究所
The Earth Institute, or Instituto Terra,
即地球研究所
as the ranch is known now,
取得初步成果后 研究所进一步扩大了恢复范围
was encouraged by early success and expanded its scope and ambition.
五年后 树木再次覆盖了这片土地