绿色星球（2022）

能够有一个特别长的花期
But when the window of opportunity is brief,
但当机会之窗是短暂的，
even more ingenious tactics are necessary.
更巧妙的战术是必要的
Here in south-western Australia,
在澳大利亚西南部，
summer temperatures can soar to up to 40 degrees Celsius.
夏季气温可能会飙升至40摄氏度
Now, for a brief moment in the cooler spring,
现在，在凉爽的短暂春天，
flowering plants must get busy.
开花的植物必须忙碌起来
And this hammer orchid,with its strange flower,
还有这株锤状兰花，开着奇怪的花，
is doing exactly that.
就是这么做的
It needs to attract a pollinator,
它需要吸引传粉者，
but has no nectar and doesn't even look like a flower.
但是没有花蜜，甚至不像花
Unlike these neighbouring huge grass trees.
不像邻近的那些巨大的草木
These produce thousands of tiny white flowers,
它们会开出成千上万朵小小的白花，
all dripping with nectar.
全都滴着花蜜
But the orchid has a different strategy.
但兰花有不同的策略
It synchronises its emergence with the brief mating season
它的出现与短暂的交♥配♥季节同步
of the thynnid wasp.
膨胀土黄蜂
The flightless female wasp produces pheromones to attract males.
不会飞的雌性黄蜂会产生信息素来吸引雄性
This male detects a scent that seems to be hers...
这只雄性探测到一种似乎是她的气味
..yet flies right on by.
…却飞过
The orchid not only has the same shape and colour as a female wasp,
兰花不仅具有与雌蜂相同的形状和颜色，
but it sits at the same height as she does.
但它和她一样高
It even mimics her smell.
它甚至模仿她的气味
And the beguiled male attempts to mate with it.
被欺骗的雄性试图与它交♥配♥
He hammers against the orchid's pollen sacks.
他用锤子敲打兰花的花粉袋
And the wasp leaves,doubtless a little shaken...
黄蜂的翅叶，无疑有点颤抖
..only to be duped once again.
结果又一次被骗了
The pollen on his back now sticks to this different orchid.
他背上的花粉现在粘在了这株不同的兰花上
And the deception has worked.
这种欺骗已经奏效了
The orchid's imitation is even more intoxicating, it seems,
兰花的仿制品似乎更令人陶醉，
than the real thing.
超过真的
Eventually, the male wasps tire of the orchid's enticements.
最终，雄黄蜂厌倦了兰花的诱惑
And now, the wasps,both male and female,
现在，黄蜂，无论是雄性还是雌性，
find the flowers of the grass trees to feed.
找到草树上的花朵来吸食
And there, at long last...
终于在那里
..they mate.
它们交♥配♥
And as for the hammer orchid?
至于锤兰呢？
Pollination is complete.
授粉完成了
As summer approaches, the need to flower becomes more urgent.
随着夏天的临近，开花的需求变得更加迫切
And nowhere more so than here in South Africa.
在南非，情况最为严重
This is the fynbos,part of the Cape floral kingdom,
这是海角花卉王国的一部分，
a great expanse of open heathlands just north of the cape.
开普敦北边一大♥片♥开阔的荒原
Here there are more different species of plant
这里有更多不同种类的植物
than anywhere else in the world.
比世界上任何地方都好
Nearly 9,000,
many needing pollinators.
将近9000，许多人需要传粉者
They compete with one another for such help
他们相互竞争以获得这种帮助
by flaunting extravagant shapes and vivid colours.
通过炫耀奢华的形状和鲜艳的颜色
All promising nectar as a sugary reward.
所有有希望的花蜜都是含糖的奖励
But there is a plant here that avoids this crowded competition.
但这里有一种植物可以避免这种拥挤的竞争
And the rising temperatures of summer bring just what it needs.
而夏季气温的上升正是它所需要的
This is the first fire here for 15 years.
这是15年来这里的第一场火灾
Nearly all the plants are destroyed.
几乎所有的植物都被摧毁了
Incinerated.
焚化了
It might seem from the smoke and the still-smouldering embers
从烟雾和仍在冒烟的余烬中可以看出
that no plant could survive such an inferno.
没有植物能在这样的地狱中生存
But just four days after the flames...
但就在大火四天后
..rising from the ashes...
…从灰烬中升起
..a fire lily.
…一朵火百合花
It has been lying dormant underground for 15 years,
它在地下休眠了15年，
but now, awakened by the smoke,it flowers.
但现在，被烟雾唤醒，它开花了
The blooms may be small and unshowy,but that's all they need to be.
花朵可能很小，而且不蓬松，但这就是它们所需要的
In this charred landscape,pollinators, such as these sunbirds,
在这片烧焦的土地上，传粉者，比如这些太阳鸟，
can spot these little red beacons from great distances.
从很远的地方就能看到这些红色的小信标
They're the only source of nectar around.
它们是这里唯一的花蜜来源
And the more visitors the flowers attract,
花吸引的到访者越多，
the more likely they are to be pollinated.
它们被授粉的可能性越大
It's just in time.
来得正是时候
Within a few months, the whole landscape is alive once more.
几个月后，整个景观又焕然一新
In fact, all these plants need fire to survive.
事实上，所有这些植物都需要火才能生存
And as competitors return,
随着竞争对手的回归，
the fire lily fades.
火百合花凋谢了
It now returns underground
现在它返回地下
and will rest there as a bulb until another fire awakens it.
它会像灯泡一样停在那里，直到另一团火把它唤醒
By the time the long, hot days of summer arrive,
当漫长炎热的夏天到来时，
wild flower meadows are bursting with life.
野花草地上充满了生机
But autumn is not far away.
但秋天并不遥远
So now pollinated plants must use their remaining energy
所以现在授粉的植物必须利用它们剩余的能量
to produce the next generation.
培养下一代
Seeds.
种子
A dandelion clock contains around 200 seeds...
蒲公英时钟包含大约200颗种子
..each with its own tiny parachute.
每个都有自己的小降落伞
Few seeds can fly as far as these.
很少有种子能飞这么远
Some are known to have travelled over 60 miles.
据了解，其中一些已经行驶了60英里以上
But to travel any distance at all,they need the wind to be just right.
但要走很远的路，他们需要风的恰到好处
However, before they can get away,there is a risk.
然而，在他们能够逃脱之前，有一个风险
Voracious hunters live in this meadow.
贪婪的猎人住在这片草地上
Tiny harvest mice.
小老鼠
They love dandelion seeds.
他们喜欢蒲公英种子
But they don't like to share.
但他们不喜欢分享
Finally, the sun warms the ground
最后，太阳温暖了大地
and a gentle breeze blows in,
微风吹来，
creating an ideal updraught.
创造一个理想的上升气流
Air flowing between the bristles creates a vortex
在鬃毛之间流动的空气形成漩涡
that lifts the seeds up.
这会让种子发芽
Heading off on a gentle breeze,this seed now starts its travels.
随着微风的吹拂，这颗种子开始了它的旅程
Plants use a variety of different techniques
植物使用各种不同的技术
to spread their seeds as far as possible from themselves.
让他们的种子尽可能远离自己
And one of the most remarkable is this one.
其中最引人注目的就是这一次
It's called ecballium,and it's a relative of the cucumber.
它叫ecballium，是黄瓜的近亲
For several weeks now, pressure has been building up inside the pods.
几周来，豆荚内的压力一直在增加
Until now, they're as taut as a well-pumped-up bicycle tyre.
到目前为止，它们就像一个充气良好的自行车轮胎一样紧绷
All they need is just a slight nudge.
他们只需要轻轻推一下
HE LAUGHS
他笑了
The further the plant can fire its seeds, the better.
植物的种子抛射得越远越好
If a seedling germinates close to its parent,
如果幼苗在离亲本很近的地方发芽，
the two will have to compete for nutrients and light.
两人将不得不争夺营养和光线
This Himalayan balsam has seed pods that react rather differently,
这种喜马拉雅香脂的种子荚反应非常不同，
like catapults.
就像弹射器一样
As they dry out, they begin to strain along precisely positioned
当它们干涸时，它们开始沿着精确的位置移♥动♥
lines of weakness.
薄弱环节
And then, just the slightest disturbance,
哪怕是最轻微的干扰，
even a single raindrop, is enough to trigger the mechanism.
即使是一滴雨滴，也足以触发该机制
The east coast of South Africa.
南非东海岸
Summer here brings scorching temperatures.
这里的夏天温度很高
This Ceratocaryum has to get its seeds underground
这种角质植物必须把种子埋在地下
before it gets too hot.
在天气变得太热之前
And it has acquired somewhat unlikely allies.
它还获得了一些不太可能的盟友
Dung beetles.
粪甲虫
They have a particular fondness for antelope droppings.
他们特别喜欢羚羊的粪便
At this time of the year,these beetles bury the dung
每年这个时候，这些甲虫埋藏了粪便
and lay their eggs on it.
然后在上面产卵
And the fresher...
新鲜的
..the better.
更好
Ceratocaryum's spindly stems send their seeds flying.
Ceratocaryum细长的茎使其种子飞扬
They're the same size, shape
它们大小、形状都一样
and even smell remarkably like...
甚至闻起来非常像
..antelope dung.
羚羊粪
The beetles simply can't resist them.
甲虫根本无法抵抗它们
Dung beetles always bury dung balls at the same depth.
粪甲虫总是把粪球埋在同一深度
And it's one which suits the seeds very well.
而且它非常适合种子