七大工业奇迹（2003）

Seven Wonders of the Industrial World S01E04

Part 2 May 23, 2022, 9:42 a.m.

于是他们也寻求时代新闻协助
希望他们的读者提供解决办法
So they also turned to The Times and
appealed to their readers for ideas.
巴瑟杰特的工作是份苦差事
Bazalgette had
the unenviable task of sorting
他得整理137封
自告奋勇的市民写来的信
through a hundred and
thirty seven madcap replies.
这个提案来自一位
重要的书报经销商史密斯先生
Here is a proposal from
the prominent newsagent Mr W H Smith.
他提出创新之举
借由铁路火车将污水送出伦敦
He has the novel idea of carrying the
sewage out of London on railway trains.
这个呢，建议是在泰晤士河下头
打造一条纵长的通道
This proposes the construction of a tunnel
beneath the Thames, lengthways.
我担心这些可能是
痴傻癫狂会做的事
Some I fear have proven to be
the work of cranks and crackpots.
但我不会因此灰心丧志
But I am not downhearted.
巴瑟杰特在铁路拓展的全盛时代
是一名勤奋的工程师
Bazalgette cut his teeth as an engineer
in the heyday of railway expansion.
但是他的执着差一点要了他的命
But his obsession had
almost cost him his life.
他大病愈后不过两年光景
It's only two years
since his terrible illness.
他为铁路的建造耗尽了心力
His efforts on the railways
made his so poorly
我们必须回到乡间休养一年
让他恢复健康
that we had to retire to the countryside
for a year while he recovered.
他打从17岁以来
就一心一意放在自己的工程上
Since the age of seventeen he's
been occupied with his engineering.
几乎没有时间做其它任何事
But he's so little time for anything else.
他非常珍惜自己的孩子
可是又很少见到他们
He loves his children dearly,
but he sees them so rarely.
我有时会想其它工作
应该比到下水道去还要光彩得多
I sometimes think there's a more
glamorous position than being in sewers
但是他却执迷不悟
but he's very dedicated.
在这137项计划当中
没有人提出可以负担又可行的方式
Of all one hundred and thirty seven
plans not one offers an affordable,
将污水排出伦敦之外
practical means of getting
the sewage out of London.
伦敦人数以千计的死去
截至目前仍然达不到共识
Londoners are dying in their thousands yet
still there is no agreement on a plan.
这段期间，霍乱仍然在蔓延当中
All the while the cholera was spreading.
许多人纳闷光是水沟的味道
就足以臭死一个人
Many suspected that the smell of sewage
alone could strike a man dead.
他们相信是都市天空的一层浓雾
在散播这种疾病
They were convinced that the thick fog
hanging over the city spread the disease.
他们将之称之为臭气
They called it the miasma.
芙罗伦丝南丁格尔
与其他医疗相关官员也这么认为
This was believed by Florence Nightingale
and other leading health authorities,
其中包括
艾德温查威克与威廉法尔
amongst them
Edwin Chadwick and William Farr.
这股臭气存在于我们四周
它是从两百万人的口中呼气而成
The miasma is all about us, it rises
from the breath of t millions of people.
来自下水道与污水池
墓园与屠宰场
From sewers and cess pools,
graves and slaughter houses.
有的时候会散播霍乱
其它时候的
In one season it carries cholera,
in another scarletina,
是猩红热，流行性感冒
麻疹或天花
influenza, measles, small pox.
几百年来，它就像死亡使者
在伦敦上空盘旋
For centuries it's hovered over
London like an angel of death.
这很简单，气味都是病源
It is simple, all smell is disease.
艾德温查威克十分确信
这种疾病是由臭味造成
Edwin Chadwick was so certain that
the disease was caused by smell
结果却铸成大错
that he committed a terrible error.
我们确定
We are going to make sure
要将这股味道引出伦敦之外
将下水道的污水冲到河里去
we remove this smell from London
by flushing the sewers in to the river.
如果可以控制这股味道
就能控制霍乱疫情
If we can control the smell
we will control the cholera.
这对一般人来说有什么意义？
查威克先生
What does that mean for
ordinary people Mr Chadwick?
于是查威克开始冲洗
老旧的下水道
So Chadwick flushed out the old sewers.
堆积超过9年的秽物
被冲了出来
Over night years of accumulated
waste were washed
直接流入泰晤士河
and scoured straight in to the Thames,
但是没有用
死亡数目还在持续增加中
but it didn't help,
the death toll continued to rise.
这种疾病
以雷霆万钧之势扫荡受害者
The disease struck its victims
with devastating speed.
霍乱的最初期症状
是严重腹泻
The first symptom of cholera
was acute diarrhoea.
接着是严重脱水现象
导致肝功能衰竭
Severe dehydration followed
causing the liver to weaken.
然后皮肤变成青灰色
The skin turned a greyish blue colour.
病人通常在
病发后48小时内死亡
Death often occurred within
forty eight hours of onset.
墓园的空间开始供不应求
The graveyards started to overflow.
东区经常发生暴♥动♥骚乱
因为穷♥人♥没有能力埋葬死者
In the East end there were riots because
the poor could not even bury their dead.
尸体通常得放上好几个星期
Corpses often had to be kept for weeks.
许多家庭就在死者身旁吃睡生活
Families ate and slept next to their dead.
尸体四周放满了洋葱
以遮掩那股味道
The bodies surrounded
by onions to hide the smell.
我们生活的这个时代
孩童早夭成了寻常之事
We're living in an age
where child mortality is commonplace.
但为什么会这样？
But why should it be so?
我的母亲失去了4个孩子
我两个姐妹与两个襁褓中的兄弟
My mother lost four children,
two of my sisters and two baby brothers.
她的悲伤有时真是痛彻心肺
Her grief at times is almost
too much to bear.
现在我为自己的孩子忧心
Now I fear for my own children.
霍乱残忍♥无情，无法预测
Cholera is ruthless and random.
这座大都市各地的孩子们
莫名的死去
There are children dying needlessly
throughout this great city.
净化伦敦
是目前当务之急要做的事
Cleansing London is the most
pressing concern of the day yet
可是国会就是不肯给我们经费
still parliament will grant us
neither the money
也不肯授权让我们执行这项任务
nor the power to accomplish the job.
这种传染病在1849年冬天消弭之前
Before the epidemic ended
in the winter of 1849
伦敦已经死了1万4千多名人
more than fourteen thousand
Londoners had died.
然而一直没有人了解这种病
And still no one understood the disease.
没有人知道它的起因
如果它再度爆发的话，该如何遏止
No one knew what caused it or how
to stop it spreading should it return.
霍乱是什么？
What is cholera?
它是一种菌类，一种昆虫，一股臭气
还是一种电波干扰
Is it a fungus, an insect,
a miasma, an electrical disturbance,
是臭氧出了问题
是人体内部肠道秽物引发病变
a deficiency of ozone, a morbid
off-scouring of the intestinal canal?
我们一无所知
We know nothing.
经过种种猜测
我们依然没有结论
We are at sea
in a whirlpool of conjecture.
霍乱重挫维多利亚时代
最优秀的医界人士
Cholera had defeated the finest
minds of Victorian medicine.
但是在苏活区
But in Soho one doctor was gathering
一名医生正在收集证据
他对霍乱的起因有新的看法
evidence for a new theory
on the cause of the disease.
约翰史诺
是麻醉学与流行病学的先驱人士
John Snow, pioneer in the fields
of anaesthetics and epidemiology,
他走在时代之前
a man ahead of his time.
陷入昏迷
A drunkard.
史诺是率先怀疑臭气理论的人
Snow was the first
to doubt the miasma theory.
如果疾病扩大散播
通常都会归咎于有毒的气体