了解宇宙是如何运行的（2010）

How the Universe Works S05E08

Part 6 April 18, 2021, 7:47 p.m.

所以看起来当这两个暗物质球碰撞在一起时
So it looks like as these two dark matter balls
形成了一些额外的阻力
have come together, there has been some extra drag.
而这个阻力积累下来
And that drag has deposited,
导致一些暗物质留下了，留在了中间
has left a bit of dark matter kinda sitting in between.
为了产生阻力
To produce the drag,
碰撞星系团中的暗物质
the dark matter in the colliding galaxy clusters
必须相互作用
must have interacted.
如果这个观察结果是正确的
If this observation turns out to be correct,
那就意味着一些暗物质与自身相互作用
it means that some dark matter interacts with itself.
如果这个推论成立
If that signal holds up,
那么它就是一个真正的
then it could be a really smoking gun
暗物质自我相互作用证据
detection of self-interacting dark matter.
这将改变游戏规则
And that would be a game changer.
说不定有暗物质行星
Perhaps there could be dark matter planets
和暗物质生命体
and dark matter living entities.
如果你觉得有一个隐藏的暗物质天体的话
There could be a hidden ... hidden dark matter universe,
那就可能有一个隐藏暗物质的宇宙
if you wish, of ... of hidden dark matter objects.
这个拓展了可能性的极限
It's ... it stretches the limit of plausibility,
并且这个。。。并非是不可能的
but it's ... it's, uh, it's not impossible.
如果这个暗物质真的存在
If this dark sector really exists,
那么甚至可能有暗光
there could even be dark light.
想象一下暗物质宇宙
So imagine you have this dark matter universe
里面存在有暗辐射
and it has this dark radiation.
这种暗辐射
And this dark radiation can travel in waves
也许可以通过我们称之为波的暗光传播
that we call dark light,
也许你可以戴上墨镜
then maybe you could put on your dark glasses
通过暗光来
and actually view this dark universe
观察这个暗宇宙
via the dark light.
相互作用的暗物质
Interacting dark matter
暗示着我们身边有一个
suggests invisible worlds
隐形世界
next to our own.
但这些理论是真实的还是只是科幻幻想？
But are these visions real or just a Sci-Fi fantasy?
我认为暗物质恒星、暗物质行星
I think dark matter stars, dark matter planets,
以及暗物质人在这一点上
dark matter people are more in the realm of science fiction
更属于科幻小说的范畴
at this point.
它需要很多的想象力
It would require a plethora of tooth fairies
才能想象出如此复杂暗领域
to imagine that the dark sector
甚至于想象出
is that complicated
类似我们这里这样的环境
to actually reproduce something like our sector.
所以，想要得到暗物质星球
So in order to have, uh, dark planets
暗物质人物和暗物质电视节目
and dark people and dark TV shows,
这只是是想象而已
it's... people have imagined it.
我不是说他们没有
And I'm not saying they haven't.
但它确实扩充了
But it certainly stretches the realm of,
呃，可能性的范围
uh, credibility.
外面有太多的暗物质
There is so much dark matter out there
它控制着我们宇宙的命运
that it controls the very fate of our universe.
如果它的一小部分
If even a tiny fraction of it could interact
能与其他形式的暗物质相互作用
with other forms of dark matter,
那么也许情况就很难说了
then maybe all bets are off.
即使是很小比例的暗物质
Even a tiny percentage of dark matter
相互作用也可能对地球生命的未来
interacting could have huge implications
产生巨大的影响
for the future of life on earth
因为一个有争议性的新的想法表明
because a controversial new idea
在未来，相互作用的暗物质
suggests that in the future self-interacting dark matter
可能会向我们发送彗星冰雹
could send a hail of comets our way.
我们怎么知道？
How do we know?
因为暗物质可能以前做过。
Because dark matter may have done it before.
暗物质是我们宇宙中
Dark matter is the dominant
最具创造力的力量
creative force in our universe.
但这是否也有助于创造我们呢？
But could it have helped to create us, too?
一些科学家认为
Some scientists believe that a key moment
人类进化的关键时刻
in human evolution
可能直接受到
may have been directly affected by dark matter
银河系暗物质的影响
in the milky way.
这个有争议的理论
This controversial theory is inspired
是受到地球历史上最暴♥力♥的一天的启发
by one of the most violent days in earth's history.
6500万年前
65 million years ago,
一个珠穆朗玛峰大小的物体
an object the size of mount Everest
撞击地球
slammed into the earth.
撞击使天空变黑
The impact turned the sky black
陆地着火
and set the continents on fire.
兰皮诺：那次爆♥炸♥释放的能量
Rampino: The amount of energy released in that explosion
大约第二次世界大战中在广岛
is about a billion times the Hiroshima bomb ...
投下的原♥子♥弹♥的当量的十亿倍
atom bomb that was dropped
十亿倍！
in world war ii, a billion times.
这一灾难性事件结束了恐龙的时代
This catastrophic event
为我们的哺乳动物祖先的繁衍
ended the age of dinosaurs and paved the way
铺平了道路
for our mammalian ancestors to flourish.
但这是一次性的吗？
But was it a one-off?
地球上曾多次发生过
Mass extinctions have happened
大规模生物灭绝
on earth multiple times.
所以有一个显而易见的问题要问
So an obvious question to ask,
这种事情存在规律性吗？
is there any pattern?
我们能否确定某些时期最危险
Is there any time that we know is more dangerous,
最有可能再次发生大规模灭绝事件？
more likely to have a mass extinction event?
在更大的宇宙尺度里
And is there anything we can link it to
我们能把它和广袤的宇宙联♥系♥起来吗？
in the larger universe?
地质学家迈克·兰皮诺认为有一种模式
Geologist Mike rampino thinks there is a pattern.
它可能与暗物质有关
And it could be linked to dark matter.
兰皮诺：我们在研究地质记录中
Rampino: We were looking at the possibility of cycles
寻找可能存在周期性
in the geological record.
我们在许多地质现象中
And we found what seemed to be a 30-million-year cycle
发现了一个3000万年的周期
in many kinds of geological phenomena.
现在，问题是
Now, what could be causing this kind of
是什么导致了这种3000万年的周期？
a cycle of 30 million years?
一条线索来自
A clue comes from the passage
太阳绕银河系的轨迹
of the sun around the milky way.
太阳绕银河系运行一次
It takes the sun about a quarter billion years
大约需要25亿年
to move once around the milky way galaxy.
但当我们绕着星系中心旋转时
But as we spin around the galaxy's center,
我们的太阳也会在更大的星系盘中
we also kind of Bob up and down
上下摆动
through the larger disk of the galaxy.
我们的太阳
Weaving like a carousel horse,
像旋转木马一样盘旋
our sun passes through the galactic plane
大约每3000万年穿过一次银河系的平面
around once every 30 million years.
太阳穿过平面的同现
And as it does this,
它也可能通过
it may also be passing through a layer
一层自相互作用的暗物质
of self-interacting dark matter.
布洛克：这有点推测性，但这种理论认为
Bullock: It's a little bit speculative, but the idea
非常小的一部分暗物质
is that a very small fraction of the dark matter
能够沿着我们银河系的圆盘
is able to form a disk along
一起形成一个暗物质圆盘
with the disk of our galaxy.
所以在恒星之间
So in between the stars,
太阳所在的圆盘中
in the disk where the sun lives,
有一个非常非常薄的暗物质圆盘
there's a very, very thin disk of dark matter,
它会造成一个很有趣的现象
and this could do very exciting things.
这个圆盘有很强的引力
This disk has a strong gravitational pull.
当我们的太阳系穿过它时
When our solar system passes through it,
圆盘的引力可能会
the disk's gravity may disrupt the orbits of comets
破坏外太阳系中彗星的轨道
in the outer solar system
并使它们飞向地球
and send them hurtling towards the earth.
也许杀死恐龙
Perhaps the object that killed the dinosaurs
并为人类进化铺平道路的物体
and paved the way for human evolution
只是暗物质引发的
was just one of a series of extinction-level events
一系列灭绝级事件之一
triggered by dark matter.
我们称之为湿婆假说
We've called this the Shiva hypothesis
因为印度教中的湿婆神
because the god Shiva in the hindu religion
是毁灭与新生的神
is the god of destruction and renewal.
所以一个世界被毁灭了
So one world is destroyed.