了解宇宙是如何运行的（2010）

How the Universe Works S05E06

Part 2 April 18, 2021, 7:47 p.m.

这种精致的意大利面状
this elegant spaghettification,
你会变得很长，就像一片意大利面
where you would get longer, like a piece of spaghetti,
但实际上，你会被撕成碎片
but in reality, you're gonna get ripped to shreds.
想想看你到底会经历什么
Think about what you're really gonna experience.
首先第一个想到的
Think about, first,
就是你身体里所有的关节都会脱臼……
all your joints dislocated in your body...
……你的皮肤被撕裂
...your skin getting ripped off of your body,
你的骨头被撕裂，你的器官同样被撕裂
your bones being pulled apart, your organs being pulled apart.
眨眼之间，恰克就变成了
Within the blink of an eye, Chuck is reduced
一股细小的原子流，冲向中子星
to a thin stream of atoms hurtling towards the star.
这些原子最终会落到中子星上
Those atoms will eventually fall down onto the neutron star.
不幸的是，暴♥力♥事件并没有就此停止
And, unfortunately, the violence doesn't stop there.
恰克的残骸撞击到地表
What's left of Chuck hits the surface,
会引发了巨大的能量爆发
triggering a huge burst of energy.
所以，我们说的是每秒10万英里
So, we're talking about 100,000 miles per second.
导致的后果
That's an impact.
他会非常有力地击打
He's gonna hit so hard
并释放出巨大的能量
that the amount of energy released is just huge.
这个能量将使我们星球上
It would completely dwarf the entire arsenal
所有的核武器都相形见绌
of nuclear weapons on our planet.
任何冒险接近中子星的人都注定要
Anything and anyone venturing too close to a neutron star
以这种灾难性的结局收场
is destined for this catastrophic end.
汤普森: 中子星是你可能遇到的
Thompson: A neutron star is one of the most dangerous objects
最危险的物体之一，无论在它们成长的什么阶段
you could meet in any phase of their existence.
如果你在中子星刚诞生的时候遇到了它
If you're meeting a neutron star right when it's born,
那就意味着你离超新星非常近
that means you're very near a supernova,
那就意味着死亡
and that means death.
如果你在超新星爆♥炸♥后
If you meet a neutron star
遇到一颗中子星，那就是死亡
after the supernova has gone off, that would be death.
如果你足够幸运，或者说足够不幸
And then if you were lucky enough, or unlucky enough,
掉到中子星上
to go falling onto a neutron star,
你很快会被摧毁，被撕裂
you'd be destroyed very rapidly and torn apart.
如果我要给未来的太空旅行者
If I had one piece of advice about neutron stars
一条关于中子星的建议
for future space travelers,
那就是:“不不！离开那里”
it would be, "no. No! Stay away."
所以你真的不想在任何地方靠近任何一颗中子星
So you really don't want to be anywhere near one neutron star.
但如果两个中子星碰撞在一起？
But two neutron stars colliding?
它会创造出宇宙中
That creates one of the strangest
最奇怪最致命的粒子之一
and most lethal particles in the universe.
中子星绝对不是应该去的地方……
A neutron star is definitely not the place to visit...
除非你想被撕成碎片
Unless you want to be torn to oblivion.
但两个中子星可能会更糟糕
But two neutron stars can be even worse,
它们会产生非常怪异、非常致命的东西
creating something so weird, so deadly,
有可能把整个宇宙
it could potentially transform the entire universe
变成僵尸
into a zombie.
2013年6月
June 2013.
美国国家航♥空♥航♥天♥局(NASA)的“雨燕”(swift)卫星
NASA's swift satellite spotted
发现了来自附近星系的短暂能量爆发
a short burst of energy from a nearby galaxy.
这是发生了令人难以置信的
It was evidence that something incredibly energetic and violent
剧烈事件的证据
had taken place.
这是两颗中子星之间的碰撞
It was a collision between two neutron stars.
当两颗中子星合并时
When two neutron stars merge,
爆♥炸♥产生的能量是毁灭性的
the amount of energy in this explosion is crushing.
几乎无法形容
There's almost no way to describe it.
这次爆♥炸♥释放的能量
The explosion released more energy
比太阳一生释放的能量都要多
than the sun will in its entire lifetime.
这是自大爆♥炸♥以来宇宙中
These are the biggest explosions in the universe
最大的一次爆♥炸♥
since the big bang itself.
但在爆♥炸♥中释放的可能
But there may be more than just energy released
不仅仅是能量
in the explosion.
中子星碰撞可能会释放出一些
It's possible that neutron star collisions
非常非常奇怪的东西……
release something really, really weird ...
一种新的理论粒子，叫做奇异子
a new theoretical particle called a strangelet.
奇异粒之所以被称为奇异粒
Strangelets are called this
是因为它们是由一种
because they're made up of a type of matter
你周围没有的物质组成的
that nothing else around you is.
你周围的所有物质都是由中子和质子组成的
All the matter around you is made up of neutrons and protons.
而中子与质子是由两种夸克组成
And these are made up of two types of quarks.
一种是上夸克，另一个是下夸克
One, we call the up. The other, we call the down.
奇异夸克是另一种类型的夸克
Strangelets have a different type of quark in them,
叫做奇异夸克
and this is called the strange quark.
奇异的夸克可以聚集在一起形成更大的粒子
Strange quarks can come together to make bigger particles.
但它不像普通物质
But it's not like normal matter.
并不像组成我们的中子和质子的夸克
It's not like neutrons and protons that make up us.
这就形成了一个奇怪的集♥合♥
This would form a weird conglomerate
叫做奇异子
called a strangelet.
为了理解奇异的小分子
To understand strangelets,
科学家们使用了一种叫做奇异物质假说的理论
scientists use a theory called the strange matter hypothesis.
该理论表明奇异粒子是一种稳定的物质形式
It states that strangelets could be a stable form of matter
需要在特定的极端条件下
and that under certain extreme conditions,
才能形成
they could form.
中子星内部
The inside of a neutron star
可能是一个寻找奇怪物质的有趣地方
might be an interesting place to look for strange matter.
如果奇异子真的存在
If strangelets could exist,
那它们有可能就会去那个地方
that might be one place where they would.
中子星内核的压力
The pressures inside the core of a neutron star
高得离谱……
are off the charts ...
高到足以形成奇异的小块
high enough to potentially form strangelets.
这些奇异的小块有两种形式……
These strangelets come in two forms ...
带正电荷和负电荷
positive and negatively charged.
带正电荷的比较好，但带负电荷的……
The positive kind is fine, but the negative ones ...
呵，你最好小心点
well, you'd better watch out.
你可以把奇异子想象成一些亚原子僵尸
You can think of strangelets as being these subatomic zombies.
一旦它们咬了你，你也会变成奇异子
Once they bite you, you're a strangelet, too.
与是就会发生，正常物质中的原子核
And what'll happen is that the nuclei in a normal matter
会转变成奇异的物质
will be converted to strange matter.
如果在中子星碰撞过程中
If negatively charged strangelets are released
释放出带负电荷的奇异子
during neutron star collisions,
它们可能会引发连锁反应
they could set off a chain reaction,
它们会使接触到的任何正常物质变成僵尸
zombifying any normal matter they touch.
所以这是一个失控的反应
So you have this runaway reaction
正常物质转化为奇异物质
of normal matter being converted to strange matter
并释放能量
and giving off energy as it does so.
这有点像老科幻电影《变形怪体》
It's a little bit like the old Sci-Fi movie "the blob."
这一团东西接触到的所有东西基本上都会变成更多的一团
Everything the blob touches just basically turns into more blob.
基本上奇异粒子会吞噬它们周围的物质
Strangelets basically will consume the matter around them.
你会得到一个失控的连锁反应
And you get a runaway cascade effect
不会有好结果
that doesn't end well.
当一个奇异子击中恰克时
When a strangelet hits Chuck,
他就变成了一颗定时炸♥弹♥
it transforms him into a ticking time bomb.
所以，所有正常的物质都是肉
So, everything that was Chuck in terms of normal matter
都将迅速转化为奇异物质
would quickly convert into strange matter,
不仅改变了他的身份，而且在这个过程中
not only changing his identity, but also, in the process,
释放出巨大的能量
releasing tremendous amounts of energy.
一旦指甲大小的区域
Once an area around the size of his fingernail
变成奇异物质……
is converted into strange matter...
……就会爆♥炸♥
...he explodes,
并使奇异子粒子穿过宇宙
blasting strangelet particles through space.
一旦你开始将少量的物质
Once you start to convert
转化为奇异物质，释放的能量
a small amount of matter into strange matter,
将推动更多的奇怪粒子去寻找
the energy released will propel more strange particles out
更多的物质
to find yet more matter.
整个过程会变得
And the whole process will just get worse
越来越糟
and worse and worse.
如果奇异子粒子撞击像地球这样的行星
If strangelet particles were to hit a planet, like earth,
结果将是灾难性的
the results would be catastrophic.
想象一下这个奇异子撞击了我们的大气层
So, imagine this strangelet strikes our atmosphere.
当它撞击那些原子时
When it strikes those atoms,
它们会转化成奇异物质
they're gonna be converted into strange matter.
这个奇异物质会产生更多的奇异物质
And that strange matter is gonna generate more strange matter.