了解宇宙是如何运行的（2010）

How the Universe Works S09E06

Part 1 March 16, 2022, 8:55 a.m.

我们的世界在打仗
Our universe is at war.
宇宙是一个充满暴♥力♥和致命的地方
The universe is a very violent
and deadly place.
整个星系都在你死我活的战斗
Entire galaxies
fight to the death.
奥卢西伊:这是“神仙”之间的冲突
OLUSEYI: Talk about clash of
the Titans.
没有比这更大的了
It doesn't get more titanic
than this.
这是一个屠♥杀♥ 是一个大屠♥杀♥
It's a slaughter.
It's a massacre.
只有最强者才能生存
Only
the strongest survive.
如果一个星系想要存活
If a galaxy wants to stay alive,
它必须以其他星系为食
it has to feed on
other galaxies.
我们的星系也在为生存而战
Our own galaxy
also fights for survival.
我们正面临着
We are facing
the ultimate destruction
银河系的最终毁灭
of the Milky Way Galaxy.
这些战争就是星系生存、成长
These battles are
how galaxies live,
和消亡的方式
grow, and die.
这些碰撞成就了我们今天的成就
These collisions got us to
where we are today,
它们也将决定宇宙的未来
and they're going to determine
the future of the universe.
宇宙是如何运行的
第九季第6集银河系战争
2018年，天文学家
In 2018,
astronomers used the Gaia
使用盖亚太空望远镜绘制了我们银河系的地图
space telescope to map
our Milky Way Galaxy.
他们跟踪了10亿颗恒星的运动
They tracked the movements of
a billion stars,
发现其中一些恒星的行为非常奇怪
and they found that some
behave very strangely.
当天文学家在绘制我们星系中的恒星时
When astronomers were
mapping stars in our galaxy,
他们发现了一大堆与我们相似
they found a whole bunch that
we're on similar
但非常奇怪的恒星轨道
but very strange orbits.
银河系的大多数恒星都在以
Most stars of the Milky Way
are orbiting in a sort of
一种规则的模式运行
regular pattern, but these stars
但在星系中心的恒星，它们在高度拉长的轨道上
at the center, they're in
these highly elongated orbits.
从很远的地方来
Coming in from very far,
绕着银河系中心旋转，然后又回来
swinging around the center of
our galaxy, and then going back
很有点像彗星
out again, a little bit
like a comet does.
这群恒星疯狂地
This group of
stars plunges
穿过我们银河系的中心
wildly through
the center of our galaxy.
当你在图表上追踪它们的方向和速度时
When you track their direction
and speed on a chart,
你会得到一个看起来有点像香肠的形状
you get a shape that looks
a bit like a sausage.
这听起来不太科学
This doesn't sound
very science-y,
但如果你观察恒星
but this sausage is really
what the stars look like
在特定构型下的轨道形状
if you look at the shapes
就会发现这根香肠就是恒星的样子
of their orbits
in a certain configuration.
是什么让这么多恒星走上了这条奇怪的道路？
What sent so many
stars on such a strange path?
那一定是个大事件
It must have been a huge event.
我们认为这些恒星是过去宇宙
We think these stars are
the result of a past
碰撞的结果
cosmic collision.
他们是银河系和一支外国银河军之间
They are casualties
from an enormous battle between
一场巨大战役的受害者
the Milky Way
and a foreign galactic army.
布洛克:它们不像银河系里的星星那样移♥动♥
BULLOCK: They don't move
like stars in the Milky Way,
因为它们不是来自银河系
because they're not
from the Milky Way.
这些恒星实际上是外系恒星
These stars are
actually alien stars.
他们是来自外太空的入侵者
They're invaders from outer,
outer space.
攻击者在银河系上留下了印记
The attackers left
their mark on the Milky Way.
我们在宇宙的各个星系中都发现了类似的
We find similar battle scars
on galaxies across
战斗伤痕
the universe.
我们的星系信息模型
Our models of galaxy
information are still
仍然非常不确定
pretty uncertain.
我们仍然不知道星系是如何到达
We still don't really
understand how galaxies got to
它们现在的位置的，我们是如何从大爆♥炸♥到达银河系的
where they are, how we go from
the Big Bang to the Milky Way.
星系间的战争对赢家、输家
Wars between galaxies
have profound consequences, for
和我们都有着深远的影响
the winners,
the losers, and for us.
我们现在了解到的是，这些星系之战
What we're learning is that
these galactic battles have had
对当今宇宙的面貌产生了巨大的影响
a huge impact on what
the universe looks like today.
泰勒:在过去的几十年里
THALLER: Our understanding
of galaxies has changed
我们对星系的理解完全改变了
entirely in the last
few decades.
我们现在知道，每个像银河系这样的大星系
We understand now that every
big galaxy like the Milky Way
都是由许多小星系碰撞而来
started from many smaller
things colliding,
它们在运动过程中相互改变
changing each other
as they went.
大约100亿年前
Nearly 10 billion years ago,
“香肠星”是一个外来星系的一部分
the sausage stars were part of
a foreign galaxy.
它与我们的家园银河系发生了碰撞
It was on a collision course
with our home, the Milky Way.
我们称这支入侵大军为香肠星系
We call this invading army
the Sausage Galaxy,
或盖亚-恩克拉多斯
<注：恩克拉多斯也是土卫二的名字>
or Gaia-Enceladus.
普莱特:我们参战的星系可能
PLAIT: The galaxy that
we fought probably had
有500亿颗恒星
about 50 billion stars,
所以我们所说的银河系大小
so we're talking about
something that is a significant
是一个重要部分
fraction of the size of
the Milky Way.
盖亚-恩克拉多斯是个强劲的对手
Gaia-Enceladus
was a tough opponent,
但银河系的质量是它的20倍
but the Milky Way
was 20 times its mass,
这就造成了巨大的差异
and that makes
a huge difference.
当星系相互作用时
When galaxies interact
with each other,
尺寸起着决定性的作用
size definitely matters.
较大的星系会主导较小的星系
The bigger galaxies are gonna
dominate over the smaller ones,
会将它们撕裂并吞噬
ripping them apart and
essentially consuming them.
星系间的相互作用都是弱肉强食的
Galaxy interactions
are all about bullies.
你越大，你就越可以称霸
The bigger you are,
the badder you are.
萨特:当两个星系相撞时
SUTTER:
When two galaxies collide,
就像两支巨大的军队向对方进军
it's like two massive armies
marching towards each other.
这些星系所用的武器
These galaxies aren't fighting
不是刀、矛、枪甚至是核弹
with knives or spears
or guns or even nuclear bombs.
当他们与更强大的东西战斗时
They're fighting with something
使用的武器——就是引力
much more powerful --
Gravity itself.
每个星系都包含数十亿颗恒星和行星
Each galaxy contains
billions of stars and planets
以及一个超大质量黑洞
and a supermassive black hole,
其质量是太阳的数百万倍
millions of times
the mass of the sun.
那可是很大的引力
That's a lot of
gravitational firepower.
萨特:当这些星系相互靠近时
SUTTER: As these galaxies
approach each other,