地狱之地：叙利亚的衰落与ISIS的崛起（2017）

comprehensive and sustained counterterrorism strategy.
削弱并最终摧毁ISIL（伊♥斯♥兰♥国）
Christoph Reuter: ISIS had not anticipated this reaction
伊♥斯♥兰♥国没有预料到这种情况的发生
because when two months prior, they had overrun Mosul.
因为在两个月前，他们占领摩苏尔那会儿
Obama's reaction was basically,
奥巴马的反应还基本上是
"Oh, we should do something about it."
“哦，我们应该做点什么。”
But nothing happened.
但是什么都没有发生
Once the Americans started to attack the Islamic State,
一旦美国人开始决心打击伊♥斯♥兰♥国
ISIS needed to react somehow.
伊♥斯♥兰♥国也需要以某种方式做出回应
So it was a message for the U.S.
所以这是给美国人的一个讯息
ISIS militant: We are willing to lay down our blood on this soil.
ISIS武装分子：我们愿意在这片土地上献出我们的鲜血
So try, try to come.
所以来吧，敢来就来吧
I will kill every single soldier, bismillah.
我将奉真♥主♥之命，杀光所有士兵
We will chop off the heads of the Americans,
我们将砍掉美国人的头颅
chop off the heads of the French, chop off the heads off…
砍掉法国人的头，还有砍掉……
Sebastian Junger: Every war is a form of dialogue between
每一场战争都是交战双方对话的一种形式
the warring parties and all actions are a form of communication.
所有的行动都是一种沟通的形式
When President Obama decided to bomb ISIS forces,
当奥巴马决心轰炸ISIS武装的时候
he was communicating to ISIS that we were not gonna stand by and let anything happen.
他向ISIS传达的信息时，我们不会袖手旁观，不会让任何事情发生
给美国的一条信息
And ISIS needed to be communicating to the west that
而ISIS也需要向西方传达信息
they could not be messed with.
即他们不是好惹的
ISIS member: Today, your military air force is attacking us daily in Iraq.
ISIS成员：今天，你们的空军每天都在伊♥拉♥克♥攻击我们
So any attempts by you, Obama, to deny the Muslims their
所以，奥巴马，你任何剥夺
rights of living in safety under the Islamic caliphate
穆♥斯♥林♥在伊♥斯♥兰♥哈里发下安全生活权利的企图
will result in the bloodshed of your people.
都会导致你的人♥民♥血流成河
詹姆斯·弗利
Sebastian Junger: As a result, ISIS cut off James Foley's head.
结果，詹姆斯·弗利被ISIS斩首
That didn't stop the bombing, so they kept cutting off heads and we kept bombing.
但轰炸并没有停止，所以他们不停地砍头，我们也不停地轰炸
给美国的第二条信息
ISIS member: I'm back, Obama, because of your arrogant
ISIS成员：我又来了，奥巴马，都是因为
foreign policy towards the Islamic State.
你对伊♥斯♥兰♥国傲慢的外交政策
You, Obama, have yet again, for your actions,
史蒂芬·J·索特洛夫
killed yet another American citizen.
戴维•卡梅伦
David Cameron: We will stick to the very clear strategy that we have.
我们将坚持我们的明确战略
To help make sure the Kurds get the arms they need
确保库尔德人得到他们需要的武器
to fight off, uh, these brutal, uh, extremist militants.
来击退这些残暴的极端主义武装分子
给美国的盟友的一条信息
ISIS member: This British man has to pay the price for your
ISIS成员：卡梅伦，这个英国人必须为你
promise, Cameron, to arm the peshmerga against the Islamic State.
让自♥由♥斗士武装起来对抗伊♥斯♥兰♥国的承诺付出代价
Your evil alliance with America will only accelerate your destruction.
大卫·海恩斯
伊♥拉♥克♥军队和什叶派民兵联合在一个广泛的战线上，
Peter Bergen: The long-term prognosis of ISIS is not great
ISIS的长♥期♥预后并不乐观
because they made a world of enemies.
因为他们树敌无数
That is not a winning strategy.
这可不是一个制胜良策
彼得·卑尔根
Napoleon was the greatest general of the modern era but
拿破仑是当代最伟大的将军
for everybody, so everybody, then, coalesced to get rid of him.
但是因此所有人都联合起来想除掉他
ISIS is making the same mistake.
ISIS也犯了同样的错误
Peter Bergen: They're already suffering the consequences.
他们已经在遭受苦果了
They keep losing territory.
他们不断地失去领土
Basically the whole world is ganged up against them.
基本上整个世界都联合了起来反对他们
2015年9月，俄♥罗♥斯♥正式加入叙利亚战争，
阿勒颇，叙利亚
洛朗·法比尤斯
Dennis Ross: Putin didn't go into Syria to fight ISIS.
普♥京♥进入叙利亚并不是为了打击ISIS
If that was the case, he would've fought ISIS.
如果是这样的话，他早就和ISIS作战了
丹尼斯·罗斯
80% of the bombing was on non-ISIS targets.
80%的轰炸针对的都是非ISIS目标
麦凯恩参议员
Senator McCain: I see what looks like the future now and
现在我看到了未来的样子
that is a very influential Russia with a Bashar Assad
一个拥有巴沙尔·阿萨德的非常有影响力的俄♥罗♥斯♥
that is able to at least control the areas of Syria that are of most importance to him.
至少能够控制叙利亚内对他来说最重要的地区
罗宾·亚辛-凯塞卜
Robin Yassin Kassab: The Assad regime and lately Russia, too,
阿萨德政♥权♥以及最近一段时间的俄♥罗♥斯♥
have been bombing not just militia formations on the
不仅轰炸了地面上的民兵组织
ground, they've been bombing bakeries, schools, hospitals.
还轰炸了面包店、学校和医院
Because the people can't defend themselves from this
因为人们不能保护自己免受空中轰炸
aerial bombardment, it's absolute hell on earth.
这完全是地狱之地
Assad wants those in the middle to be eliminated so the
阿萨德想完全消除掉这些中间派
choice is either him or ISIS.
如此人们就只能在他和ISIS之间做选择
阿布·萨亚夫
Peter Bergen: The airstrikes are killing about a thousand
空袭每个月能杀掉大约
ISIS members every month, and ratcheting down the oil,
一千名ISIS成员，并且阻断了石油供给
and getting rid of some of their money.
销毁了他们的部分资金
That is really going to impact them.
这着实打♥压♥了他们
If you control several million people and you're
如果你只统治着几百万人
taxing them for pretty much everything they do.
你还对他们做的每件事都要课以重税
That's all the money.
那这就是所有的钱了
So every time they lose a big city which is
所以每次他们丢失掉一个大城市
that's several hundred thousand people they can't tax.
就意味着他们失去了来自几万人的税款
ISIS叛逃者
这来源于他们不断被击败以及在前线上失去领地
图卢兹，法国
土生土长的法国公民默♥罕♥默♥德♥·梅尔马赫
2012年3月11日，
并于2010年回到法国继续独自进行圣♥战♥
梅拉曾在巴基斯坦接受训练，
四天后
然后是一所小学的四名儿童和数名成年人，
他接着又杀害了两名士兵，
大卫•汤姆森
安娜·艾瑞尔
亚历克斯·佐丹洛夫
Alex Jordanov: This new form of terrorism was introduced by
这种新形式的恐♥怖♥主♥义♥是由
Al-Qaeda's ideologue Abu Musab al-Suri.
基♥地♥组♥织♥的思想家阿布·穆萨布·苏里提出的
In his writings where he calls for a form of low cost terror,
在他的著作中，他呼吁一种低成本的恐怖活动
many terror acts all over the place conducted by the people that actually live there.
很多恐怖行为都是由真正生活在那里的人进行的
Reporter: San Bernardino, California
圣贝纳迪诺，加利福尼亚州
Mass casualty situation.
大规模伤亡
A terror attack in the French city of Nice.
法国城市尼斯发生恐怖袭击
At least 80 people.
至少80人伤亡
The 17-year-old used an axe and knife to attack passengers.
一个17岁的少年使用斧和刀攻击旅客
A lone gunman called 911 to pledge allegiance to ISIS.
一名单独的枪手拨♥打♥911宣誓效忠ISIS。
Oh my God.
我的天呐
General Flynn: This is what terrorists do.
这就是恐♥怖♥分♥子♥的所作所为
They instill fear in societies.
他们将恐惧徐徐注入社会
迈克尔·弗林将军
If you instill fear in a society,
如果你将恐怖注入社会
It comes at a big cost.
这需要付出巨大的代价
With some of the, you know, some of the comments that are
有一些关于我们社会各个部分的评论
being made about various, parts of our society and what to do about them.
以及我们如何去应对
You know, the whole issue of immigration is a big,
你知道，移♥民♥问题是一个非常非常大的问题
big deal, uh, and that's, that's playing out terribly in Europe.
在欧洲，这个问题的严重性更甚
奥斯曼尼耶省，土耳其
拉德万
基利斯难民营，土耳其
Teun Voeten: The summer of 2015,
2015年夏天
suddenly hundreds of thousands of people came,
突然间成千上万的人来到这里
"丛林"难民营
TEUN VOETEN
Syrian refugees from Turkey.
他们是来自土耳其的叙利亚难民
There are a lot of extremely decent, sophisticated, uh, people among the immigrants.
移♥民♥中有很多非常正派、老练的人
But you have also small time criminals and infiltrators from ISIS.
但也有少量罪犯和来自ISIS的渗透者
A lot of people feel overwhelmed by what they
许多人感到不知所措
perceive as an invasion of Muslims threatening our way of life.
因为他们认为穆♥斯♥林♥的入侵威胁了我们的生活方式
The Muslim people in Europe it's only around 5%
欧洲的穆♥斯♥林♥只占了大约5%
but in certain cities, for instance in Brussels,
但是在特定的城市，例如布鲁塞尔
one generation from now,
从现在开始再过一代
the Muslim community will be the majority.
穆♥斯♥林♥社群将成为多数
this has caused an enormous political backlash
这引起了巨大的政♥治♥反弹
and resurgence of right-wing movements.
以及右翼运动的死灰复燃
General Flynn: The resources that are gonna be required to
我们将需要用到的资源
correct some of these problems that we have, refugees,
仅其数目就会是惊人的，它们要用于
displaced people around the world, is, just the numbers are staggering.
解决我们面临的一些问题——世界各地的难民和流离失所者
We have to get back in there, stabilize that area to the
我们必须返回那里，稳定那个区域局势
point where you can then tell all these people who would
然后告诉那些宁愿住在自己家里的人
rather live in their own homes, you can tell them and they'll all come back.
你告诉他们，他们都会回来的
Otherwise, the likelihood of a far greater conflict grows
否则，发生更大冲突的可能性
higher and higher every day.
每天都会不断增加
Sebastian Junger: Any reasonable person would flee
任何理智的人都会逃离
the kind of fighting that we've seen in Syria.
我们在叙利亚看到的那种战斗
They'd happily risk their lives to be smuggled across the border.
他们很乐意冒着生命危险被偷渡出境
They'd collect by the millions in neighboring
他们数百万地聚集在邻国
countries even living in squalid refugee camps.
即便是居住在肮脏不堪的难民营里
Eventually, they'd make their way to the west to look
最终，他们会进入西方国家
for a better life for their children.
为他们的孩子寻找更好的生活