地狱之地：叙利亚的衰落与ISIS的崛起（2017）

只要不用化学武器做什么都行。“
拉米·阿卜杜勒·拉赫曼
Robin Yassin Kassab: Then, of course,
之后，当然
he did use chemical weapons.
他的确用了化学武器
古塔地区，叙利亚
Robin Yassin Kassab:He killed 1450 people in five hours, In the suburbs of Damascus.
在大马士革城郊，他在五个小时内杀死了1450人
Men, women, and children, choking to death.
男人、女人、孩子们都窒息而死
麦凯恩参议员
Senator McCain: President of the United States called Lindsey Graham and me over to the oval office.
总统把林赛-格雷厄姆和我叫到了总统办公室
Looked us in the eye and said,
直视着我们的眼睛说
"they've crossed the line, I'm gonna attack.
“他们越界了，我要开始进攻。
I'm gonna degrade Bashar al-Assad,
我要使巴沙尔阿萨德下台
I'm gonna upgrade the capabilities of the free Syrian army
我要扶持叙利亚自♥由♥军
约翰·麦凯恩参议员
and I'm gonna reverse the momentum on the battlefield."
我要扭转战场上的局势
We walked out and there was the usual cameras and said,
我们走出来，面对着摄像头说
"we're with the president all the way."
无论如何我们都与总统一道
阿兰·邱埃
洛朗·法比尤斯
Senator McCain: I'm sitting in my office and they're on CNN,
麦凯恩参议院：我正坐在我的办公室里，他们正在CNN上
the president has decided not to.
总统决定不行动了
President Obama: My fellow Americans.
奥巴马：我的美国同胞们
Tonight I wanna talk to you about Syria.
今晚我想和你们聊一下叙利亚的问题
Senator McCain: That wasn't just disillusioning to me and Lindsey Graham.
那不仅仅使我和林赛-格雷厄姆感到破灭
The Saudis had planes on the runway when they found out what's in CNN.
当看到CNN上的内容时，沙特甚至已有飞机在跑道上
President Obama: Because we cannot resolve someone else's civil war through force.
因为我们不能使用武力来解决别国内战
Robin Yassin Kassab: The red line disappeared.
警戒线消失了
There were thousands of defections in that week.
那周有数千人叛逃
Thousands of soldiers and, and officers who'd be loyal to the regime,
数千原本效力于政♥府♥的士兵和官员
hadn't dared to jump, they thought now it's going to change
他们原本一直不敢逃，但现在他们认为局势将会发生改变
because the Americans are going to get involved
因为美国人将要参与进来
and they defected in that week,
因此他们都在那一周内叛逃了
but nothing happened.
然而什么都没有发生
Robin Yassin Kassab: Quite a few fighters in Syria,
叙利亚的不少战士
Quite a few revolutionary fighters said,
不少革命派战士都说
"look, we're never going to get help from the west.
“看，我们永远也不会得到西方的帮助
This guy can do anything he wants.
这个家伙能够为所欲为
He can kill us all with any weapons that he can find, in any way he chooses
他能用他能找到的任何武器，选择任意的方式来杀死我们所有人
and the west is never going to come to our aid."
而西方势力永远不会来支援我们
在英国议会投票反对空袭后，美国未能兑现最初的轰炸威胁
尽管达成了协议，但有报道称在叙利亚化学武器的使用至今仍在继续
扎伊杜恩·祖阿比
Zaidoun al-Zoabi: Syria is just a small triangle that is hardly visible on the world map.
叙利亚只是一个在地图上几乎看不到的小三角
You will see that this triangle is just like the heart of the world
但是你会发现这个三角形就像是世界的心脏
and if this crisis is not solved,
如果这个危机没有解决
Believe me, everyone in the world will suffer.
相信我，世界上的每个人都要遭受其苦
威尔·麦坎茨
Will McCants: In 2011, the Syrian civil war begins to take root.
在2011年，叙利亚内战开始扎根
At the same time, the American military finishes its withdrawal from Iraq.
与此同时，美军完成了从伊♥拉♥克♥的撤军
So, the Islamic State has more freedom of action in Iraq
因此，伊♥斯♥兰♥国在伊♥拉♥克♥拥有了更多的行动自♥由♥
And they begin to look to Syria as a place
他们开始将目光投向叙利亚
to give themselves some strategic depth.
将其视作一个能够提供战略深度的地方
罗宾·亚辛-凯塞卜
Robin Yassin Kassab: In Syria, it looks like ISIS is a creation of Bashar al-Assad.
在叙利亚，ISIS看起来似乎是巴沙尔阿萨德创造的
It's a creation of his scorched earth policy.
它是他的焦土政策的产物
Assad had in effect an undeclared non-aggression pact with ISIS.
阿萨德实际上与ISIS签订了秘不外宣的互不侵犯条约
And even today, when ISIS and the Free Army are fighting each other,
甚至直到今天，如果ISIS和叙利亚自♥由♥军打起来
Assad will come and bomb the Free Army.
阿萨德将会轰炸自♥由♥军
阿布·萨亚夫
迈克尔·弗林将军
General Flynn: It's a cancer that exists.
它是一种存在的癌
The Islamic world knows it exists.
伊♥斯♥兰♥世界知道它的存在
The rest of the world now sees it, feels it,
如今世界上别的地方也看到了它，感受到了它
Is bleeding because of it.
正在因它而流血
Is terrorized because of it.
因它而感到恐吓
It's not 30,000 guys in Syria.
不只是叙利亚的3万人
The Islamic State is a global problem.
伊♥斯♥兰♥国是一个全球性的问题
克里斯·路透
Christoph Reuter: In its beginning it's an Iraqi organization
一开始他是一个伊♥拉♥克♥组织
but what they had for Syria was a blueprint,
但他们针对叙利亚有一张蓝图
A very detailed plan, step a, b, c, d,
一个非常详尽的计划，分步骤A、B、C、D
How to colonize a foreign country.
如何在外国殖民
The first phase was training camps where they form a hybrid army
第一阶段是训练营，他们组织了一个
from the incoming people from Tunisia, Egypt, Daghestan, Germany
由来自突尼斯、埃及、达吉斯坦、德国的传入人员组成的
who didn't even have one common language.
连共通语言都没有的混血军队
ISIS为哈萨克移♥民♥设立的训练营
Christoph Reuter: It's an absolutely loyal army with no local affiliations.
这是一支绝对忠诚、没有任何地方隶属关系的军队
And then, locally to know who is who in the respective villages
然后，当地为了明确在各自村庄内每个人的身份
they started to open da'wah offices, missionary offices.
他们开始开设达瓦办事处、传教士办事处
And they did so in many, many places.
他们在许多地方都是这样做的
In Tal Rifaat, in Mar'a, in al-Dana, in Mayadin,
在塔尔里法特，Mar'a, 安纳达, 迈亚丁
In Deir ez-Zor, in Manbij.
在代尔祖尔，曼比季
And so, slowly, slowly, slowly,
就这样，慢慢地，慢慢地，慢慢地
They knew exactly what is the composition of this community.
他们很清楚这个社会的构成是什么
Whom we could buy, whom we have to kill?
我们能收买♥♥谁，我们得杀谁
First, they did this secretly.
一开始，他们隐秘地做这些事情
Then, only, once they felt powerful enough, they would,
然后，只有当他们感觉足够强大的时候
with lightning stroke, take over a particular village.
他们才会以闪电般的速度占领某个村庄
马尔万
莎拉·查耶丝
Sarah Chayes: What they're doing is saying this system is
他们正在做的是声明这个系统已经腐坏了
so rotten, it's so thoroughly rotten that the
它腐坏得如此严重以至于想要改善它
only way to improve it is by fire and blood.
唯一的方法就是通过血与火
罗宾·亚辛-凯塞卜
Robin Yassin Kassab: The public display of horrific violence
对针对个人的暴♥力♥的公开展示
against individuals is something which goes way back in history
是历史悠久的事情
and every culture has done it at some time or, or the other.
每一个文明都曾在某一个时期做出过这样的事
In Britain, they used to hang, draw, and quarter.
在英国，人们曾被吊死、抽死、打死。
In China, they were dragged into the street
在中国，人们曾被当街示众
and beaten to death.
并被当街打死
In France, women who had slept with German soldiers,
在法国，与德国士兵发生过关系的妇女
had their hair cut off and were beaten in the streets,
会被剪去头发并被当街殴打
stripped naked and paraded.
脱♥光♥衣服，游街示众
印第安纳州
明尼苏达州
乔治亚州
In the United States, people would take their wives and
在美国，人们会带着他们的妻子儿女
their children along to the lynching of the black man and
一起去看对黑人的私刑
then they'd stand there and smile and have their photograph taken next to his corpse.
并且会微笑地站在他的尸体旁拍照
This display of public violence was seen as a
这种对公众暴♥力♥的展示可以视作为
necessary part of government in order to send the message out into society.
政♥府♥向社会传达信息的必要环节
"We can do anything we like with you.
”我们可以对你做任何我们喜欢的事情。
Don't resist us because we have total power to do the most horrific things
不要反抗我们，因为我们有全部的权力来做最可怕的事情，
and there's nothing you can do about it."
而你却对此无能为力。“
Sebastian Junger: All societies are blind to their own violence.
所有社会都对自己的暴♥力♥视而不见
From the use of napalm in Vietnam,
从在越南使用凝固汽油弹
to the bombing of German cities,
到轰炸德国城市
to the use of nuclear weapons in Japan,
到在日本投放核武器
The United States has killed far more civilians Than ISIS ever could.
美国杀死的平民数量已经远超过了伊♥斯♥兰♥国
In World War II alone, Allied forces are thought
单在第二次世界大战，盟军就被认为
to have killed around one million civilians.
杀害了超过一百万的平民
We're focused on the wrongdoing of other groups.
我们关注在其它组织的不法行为上
It's an adaptive trait that's probably hardwired
这是一种适应性的特质，可能是
into the brain because it has survival value.
因为它的生存价值而被生生地植入到大脑内
President Bush: Either you're with us or you're with the terrorists.
要么和我们一起，要么和恐♥怖♥分♥子♥
Sebastian Junger: It allows us to demonize the enemy who we
这允许了我们妖魔化可能要对抗的敌人
may have to fight and to avoid the moral conflict that comes with killing.
并避免掉伴随杀戮而带来的道德冲突
When the United States invaded Iraq,
当美国入侵伊♥拉♥克♥的时候
They killed tens of thousands of innocent people.
他们杀戮了数万无辜的民众
You can't do that and imagine there won't be consequences.
你不能这么做还幻想不会有什么后果
盖斯·阿卜杜勒-阿哈德
Ghaith Abdul-Ahad: By early 2003,
2003年初
The majority of Iraqis were happy to see the back of Saddam Hussein.
大多数伊♥拉♥克♥人都很高兴看到萨♥达♥姆♥-侯赛因的回归
There is excitement, there is hope,
他带来了兴奋和希望
There is a degree of anxiety.
也有一定程度的焦虑
I remember two days after the fall of Baghdad,
我记得在巴格达陷落的两天后
People were talking about,
人们都在谈论
"Why are the Americans aggressive?"
"为什么美国人如此咄咄逼人？"
"Why are they pointing their guns at the people In the street?"
"为什么他们用枪对着街上的民众？"
Saddam had committed massacres within the society,
萨♥达♥姆♥在社会上进行了大屠♥杀♥
enormous levels of violence, but you couldn't see it.
暴♥力♥程度极高，但你是看不到的。
Within the American occupation, violence is televised.