地狱之地：叙利亚的衰落与ISIS的崛起（2017）

但在美国人的占领下，暴♥力♥行为被通过电视来播放
Pictures of the Americans putting bags on the head of
美国人将袋子罩在人们头上、
People and sitting them behind barbed wire,
令他们坐在铁丝网的后面、
阿布格莱布监狱
Forcing people to be naked, humiliating people.
强迫人们赤♥裸♥、羞辱他们的照片被展示出来
The loss of their credibility was enormous,
他们的信誉损失巨大
They could have paved the Iraqi roads in gold and still
他们可以用黄金铺设伊♥拉♥克♥的道路
they can do the humiliation of Abu Ghraib.
却依然可以做出阿布格莱布监狱虐囚丑闻这样的事
There was a burning American armored vehicle in Haifa street in Baghdad.
巴格达海法大街上有一辆燃烧的美国装甲车
As I'm walking I hear, see two small helicopters.
当我走在路上，我听见也看见两架小型直升机
They fire a rocket into the crowd that was celebrating Around the burning vehicle.
他们向正在燃烧的车辆周围庆祝的人群发射了一枚火箭弹。
I run towards the scene and I see this circle with a young
我跑向现场，看到这一圈有一个小男孩
boy stunned, missing leg, a pool of blood and some liquids.
他晕倒在地，少了一条腿，躺在一滩血和一些液体中间
Other people scattered in the middle.
其他的人散落在中间
They're not screaming, they're not wailing,
他们没有喊叫，也没有哀嚎
The injured people are silent, the silence of shock.
受伤的人们沉默着，受惊的沉默
The helicopters come again,
直升机又飞了回来
They fire another rocket into the crowd.
他们向人群发射了第二枚火箭弹
I'm trying to be as thin as the curb, you know,
我尽力缩在路沿边
and then you realize there is people left in The middle of the road.
之后你意识到还有人在路中间
There's this guy who was injured in the first attack
有一个人在第一次袭击中受伤了
and then was hit again.
第二次又被击中
He raises himself, he looks around, he falls,
他爬起身子，左右四顾，又倒下了
stretches his arm, and still waits.
伸出他的手臂，依然等待着
No one can help him, no one can do anything.
没人能帮助他，谁也无能为力
The helicopters were gone,
直升机走了
But everyone was mortified with fear.
但每个人都吓呆了
Violence by the end of 2003, early 2004,
到了2003年底2004年初
is a normal fact of society.
暴♥力♥成为社会的一个常态
When you see body parts in the street,
当你在街上看到尸体残片
When you see pieces of flesh hanging from a tree,
当你看到挂在树上的尸体的一部分
When you see children killed because they were playing in
当你看到孩子们被杀戮只是因为
The middle of the road, I don't think there is
当街玩耍，我不认为
difference in horror between seeing children just being hit by an American rocket with their limbs scattered,
在看到在巴格达街道上被火箭弹击中，四肢散乱，
with their, with their legs oozing these fluids in the
腿上渗出液体的孩子
middle of the street of Baghdad and seeing someone, you know, executed by ISIS.
和看到一个人被ISIS处死带来的恐慌有什么不同
You don't equate the two parties,
你无法在这两者之间划等号♥
but from the perspective of someone who lost his leg
但是对于一个失去腿的人而言
there is no good violence and bad violence.
暴♥力♥没有好坏之分
彼得·波科特
Peter Bouckaert: It is very important for people to
人们应当明白
understand just how much what is happening in Syria today is
当今叙利亚正在发生的事情
related to what happened in Iraq over a decade ago.
与十几年前在伊♥拉♥克♥发生的有多大关系
Iraq under Saddam Hussein was a Sunni ruled country with
both the Kurdish and the Shia majority that suffered very
significantly at the hands of that Sunni dominance.
Whether you agree or not with the military intervention,
无论你是否赞成军事干预
the main failures were not the military intervention.
主要的失败都并不在于此
It's the de-Ba'athification of the country,
而是对国家的去复兴党化
which completely marginalized the Sunni population.
它完全边缘化了逊尼派人口
保罗·布雷默
Paul Bremer: I am today establishing an Iraqi De-Ba'athification council.
我今天要成立一个伊♥拉♥克♥去复兴党委员会
大卫·彼得雷乌斯
General Petraeus: I was an occupation commander with all
of the responsibilities that went along with that,
which essentially meant running part of Iraq,
firing the Ba'ath party, casting them on the ash heap
铲除复兴党，将其扬弃到历史的灰烬中
of history, created tens of thousands of Iraqis,
造成了数千的伊♥拉♥克♥人
including the most educated and,
特别是那些受过最高教育的
and influential in various Sunni-Arab communities
以及在逊尼派社区内具有影响力的人
especially, whose incentive now was to oppose to new Iraq rather than to support it.
他们的动机现在已经成为反对新伊♥拉♥克♥而非支持
Huge mistake.
巨大的错误
Dennis Ross: It didn't make sense to do this kind of
如此大规模地去复兴党化是没有意义的
丹尼斯·罗斯
wide-scaled de-Ba'athification when within Iraq itself,
因为在伊♥拉♥克♥国内
if you wanna be a teacher or you wanna get a job, you had to join the Ba'ath party.
如果你想做老师或者说得到一份工作，你就得加入复兴党
So, you know, you, it's, it's a little bit like the De-Nazi-fication.
所以你看，这就有一点像去纳粹化
Not everyone was, you know, part of shaping a repressive regime that suppressed everybody else.
不是每个人都是属于塑造用于压♥迫♥所有人的政♥权♥的一部分
塔里克·哈希米
Ghaith Abdul-Ahad: The Sunnis were oppressed by the Americans, by the Shi'a government of Iraq.
逊尼派人受到了美国人和伊♥拉♥克♥什叶派政♥府♥的压♥迫♥
ISIS comes and promises liberation,
ISIS到来并带来自♥由♥的承诺
promises the end of that, promises bringing back the
他们承诺终结压♥迫♥
Sunni's pride that they've lost from 2003 and bringing
承诺带回逊尼派自2003年以来丢失的荣耀
them back into control.
承诺他们重新掌权
克里斯·路透
Christoph Reuter: If you called something Ba'athi
如果你以复兴党名义
nobody would follow, but once they discovered,
没人会追随，但是一旦他们发现
"hey, if you, if we say that we fight in the name of Islam,
“嘿，如果你，如果我们以伊♥斯♥兰♥的名义
in the name of jihad against the foreign occupiers,
以圣♥战♥的名义来对付外国侵略者
We have something that resonates."
我们就能引起共鸣
阿布·巴克尔·巴格达迪
ISIS宣传视频
Robin Yassin Kassab: Their propaganda owes a lot to
他们的宣传很大程度上归功于
Hollywood action films and to computer games
好莱坞动作片和电脑游戏
that kids grow up on these days.
这些当今孩子们伴之成长的事物
ISIS knows that if they make a high production video shot
伊♥斯♥兰♥国清楚，如果他们制♥作♥一部高质量从各种角度拍摄的镜头
from various angles, if they get a white guy,
如果他们找到一个白人
put him in a Guantanamo style orange jumpsuit,
让他穿上关塔那摩式的橙色连体衣
they get a child or an English speaker to cut his
再找一个小孩子或者说英语的人用刀砍掉他的脑袋
罗宾·亚辛-凯塞卜
head off with a knife, they know that that night,
他们明白，也许这天晚上
maybe the film will not be shown on mainstream TV,
这个视频不会在主流电视节目上播出
but they know that the story of the film will be headline news everywhere in the world.
但他们清楚这部视频所讲述的故事将成为世界每个角落的头条
Lester Holt: There is breaking news tonight of a chilling new ISIS propaganda video.
今晚有一条突发新闻，是ISIS新的宣传视频，令人不寒而栗
Reporter: The men believed to be Syrian were shackled and
这些据信是叙利亚人的男子被拷上
the video shows the Egyptian prisoners being marched onto a
视频显示埃及囚犯被身穿黑衣的武装分子押上海滩
beach by militants dressed in black then the prisoners are beheaded brutally.
之后他们被残忍♥地斩首
Robin Yassin Kassab: Nobody will be talking about Assad on
这一天没有人会谈论阿萨德
the same day he may have incinerated a hundred people
也许他用桶装炸♥弹♥杀死了一百个人
in barrel bombs, but we don't see those people dying.
但是我们没有亲眼看到他们死去
We've, nobody has made a high-production video of it
没有人制♥作♥关于这个的高质量视频
and followed it up with a threat to the west.
并继而去威胁西方
It's very effective at striking fear into the hearts
这对打入敌人内心恐惧感非常有效
of their enemies because the prospect of being captured by these people is too horrific to contemplate.
因为这些人被俘虏后的下场可怕到难以想象
而在网上假扮成一名有意加入ISIS的女性
安娜·艾瑞尔为了报道ISIS的招募方式
而在网上假扮成一名有意加入ISIS的女性
安娜·艾瑞尔为了报道ISIS的招募方式
安娜·艾瑞尔
Daniel Koehler: The way they use social media sites like
他们使用像Facebook、Twitter、Youtu和Messenger等社交媒体的
丹尼尔·克勒
Facebook, Twitter, Youtube, and messenger services is so incredibly sophisticated.
They have a type of member that only engage in online jihad.
他们有一类成员专门从事线上圣♥战♥工作
This is the place where they spread the ideology, where they recruit.
这是一个他们扩散自己意识形态和招揽加入者的地方
彼得·卑尔根
Peter Bergen: You know, 6900 westerns have gone to join.
6900名西方人都跑去加入了
So, you know, it's not an insignificant number.
这可不是一个小数目
Some of these kids who are joining, you know,
这些加入的孩子中的一部分
fairly living pretty humdrum lives in Belgium, France,
他们在比利时、法国、伦敦、美国
London, United States, and they're joining ISIS and
都过着单调的生活，之后他们加入了伊♥斯♥兰♥国
they're part of something bigger than themselves and it's exciting.
他们成为比自己更大的组织的一部分，这令他们兴奋
伊♥斯♥兰♥国叛逃者
Will McCants: The men who run the Islamic State
运作伊♥斯♥兰♥国的人
威尔·麦坎茨
for all of its pretense to be a religious organization, uh,
他们以自己是一个宗教组织为借口
and all its quotation of scripture,
也使用对经♥文♥的引用做幌
when you look at how they behave as an organization,
当你看到他们作为一个组织的行为时
um, in many ways, uh, it resembles, uh,
在很多方面，它类似于
the rough and tumble politics of a criminal organization.
犯罪组织粗陋且混乱的政♥治♥
I mean, they put hits out on people,
他们攻击人♥民♥
they extort people,
欺诈人♥民♥
raising millions of dollars a year by these activities.
每年通过这些活动筹集数百万美元
马尔万
克里斯·路透
Christoph Reuter: They went into an area and the first
每当他们进入一个地方
thing they would do is the flour mill, the bakery,
他们做的第一件事就是
the concrete factory has to be taken without damage immediately.
立即拆除面粉厂、面包店和水泥厂
They thought about "what do we need to maintain the Infrastructure of this area?"
他们想的是“我们需要做什么以维护这片地区的基础设施？”
Christoph Reuter: For example, for the,
举例来说，对一个人来说
from a policeman and soldiers on the Iraqi side,
伊♥拉♥克♥方面的一名警♥察♥和士兵告诉他
they told him, "you're an infidel."
“你是一名异教♥徒♥。”
theoretically, you have to die, but you can buy a "forgiveness card."
按照规定上来讲，你会被处死，但是你可以买♥♥一张“宽恕卡”
The forgiveness card and the money you have paid for shows
你付出的钱和购买♥♥到的宽恕卡
that you are repenting and every checkpoint will know if
表明你正在忏悔，而且你展示出你的宽恕卡
you show them the forgiveness card that you have been forgiven.