地平线系列：猫咪观察（2）（2014）

the shaking of the hindquarters -
即后躯体的晃动
you see that a lot when they're playing,
你在她们玩耍时能经常看到
when they're actually hunting as well.
在她们真的捕猎时也能看到
Yeah, we do - it's much more exaggerated in play,
对 是的 在玩耍中动作幅度会更大
and particularly in young cats,
年轻的猫咪更是如此
but it is something that we'll always see,
但这是我们经常能看到的
often this treading of the back legs just before they make their strike.
她们在出击前经常会这样压弹后腿
If they've been crouched for a long time,
如果她们蹲的时间长了
there's likely to be fatigue building up in those muscles.
就可能会导致肌肉积累疲劳
It may just be a way of stretching them
这可能就是在拉伸下肌肉
and getting them ready before they do their strike forwards.
让肌肉准备好以便她们上前出击
The final stage of the hunt
捕猎的最后阶段
is the most revealing.
最为明显了
The pounce.
猛扑
All of our cats were happy to pounce on the smaller toys
我们的所有猫咪都很喜欢扑向
the size of birds or mice...
小鸟或老鼠大小的玩偶
..but when we brought out the rat, it was a different story.
但当我们拿出鼠玩偶时 情况又不一样了
Most cats backed away.
多数的猫都退后了
Only a few - like Saphie - took it on.
只有寥寥几只 如莎菲 才上前去
I was really surprised.
我真是很惊讶
She was really reacting to them
她真地去接近它们
like it was an actual animal that she had to kill -
好像那真是它要杀掉的真动物一样
she was growling and hissing a little bit.
她有点儿咆哮着和嘶嘶叫着
It was quite a big toy,
这是挺大的玩具了
I thought she would just leave it alone,
我觉得她不会感兴趣的
but no, she really went for it.
不过她还是追了上去
She'd have it in her mouth and paws
她用嘴咬住 用爪子抓住
and she'd wrap her whole body around it,
她整个身子都围着它
so pulling it out was quite hard.
所以都不好取回那玩具了
Catching a rat is quite a skill.
捕鼠可是项技术活儿
Saphie uses all four paws to pin it down.
莎菲用了全部四只爪子来抓住它
And she's one of the only cats in our study who can do this.
而在我们的项目里也只有她能做到这样
Saphie has intrigued our scientists,
莎菲引起了我们的科学家的兴趣
so they've invited her owner Hannah into Cat HQ.
所以他们请了主人汉娜来到喵基地
In the last two weeks she's brought home three different kills.
过去两周里 她带回了三只不同的猎物
Wow! OK. She's brought a shrew... OK. ..also a bird.
她带回来过一只鼩鼱 还有一只小鸟
And she's definitely eaten some of that. Yeah.
她肯定曾吃过这些 是的
And the last - we weren't sure, some kind of small rodent.
最后一只 我们不太确定 可能是某种鼠类
So she's a real hunter. Yeah.
所以她是真正的猎手 是的
Anything in her background that you can...?
你有没有什么关于她的背景能...?
We bought her from a farm, so, her mother, I assume she hunted.
我们是从农场带回她的 所以我猜她妈妈也会捕猎
So, that's very typical of a cat that's really an active hunter -
所以这对一只真正的活跃猎手来说也是很正常的
to find in their history that they've had some instruction -
她们的历史里常有这种渊源
because they, you know, cats aren't very good at hunting
因为猫咪们现在都不怎么会捕猎了
unless they're actually taught how to do it by their mothers.
除非她们妈妈教过她们怎么捕猎
All cats are born with a powerful instinct to chase after prey.
所有的猫咪们生来就有强大的本能要去追逐猎物
You can see it in the youngest members of our study.
这点从我们项目里最年幼的成员身上就能看到
But an instinct to chase isn't enough.
但光有追捕的本能还是不够的
Before they're a year old,
在他们一岁以前
their mothers will teach them the skills they'll need
他们妈妈会教会他们必需的技能
to kill their prey.
去杀掉猎物
It's the same for any cat, from tabby to tiger.
任何猫科动物 从小猫到老虎 均是如此
Back at the zoo,
回到动物园
these tiger cubs have been picking up tips from their mother.
这些虎崽已经开始接受妈妈的教导了
So, our female, Melati, is sitting just under the tree there,
雌虎梅拉提正坐在那边的树底下
and you've got the three young cubs
你能看到有三只幼崽
all bundled together just by her side.
全都待在她的身边
I mean, already, at four months of age,
我说他们都有4个月大了吧
they're pretty big, aren't they?
他们都挺大只的了 是吧
They are. They've got that true sort of tiger colour
是的 他们已经开始有真正的
starting to come in. Yeah.
虎皮颜色了
A little bit disproportionate,
有点不太对称的是
so they still have the really big paws that are too big for their body,
他们的爪子那么大 都跟身躯不相称了
but, yeah, they do look like proper little tigers now.
不过没错 他们看着就是正常小老虎的样子
Like our kittens, the tiger cubs' birth was captured on camera.
跟我们的小猫一样 虎崽一出生也被监控着
And it's not long before we can see them
并且用不了多久 我们就能看到他们
starting to learn the skills they'll need as adult cats.
开始学习成年时所需的技能
So the tiger cubs are learning to play-bite,
虎崽要学习撕咬
learning to swat, learning to pounce,
学习扑打 学习猛扑
so, some of the behaviours you think in a domestic cat
所以有些你在家猫身上看到的
are quite nice, cute behaviours,
很漂亮 可爱的动作
they're actually learning to hunt in that behaviour there,
在这里则都是真的学来捕猎的
and practising how the body would move,
还要练习如何摆动身体
practising how they would react.
练习反应能力
Tiger cubs stay with their mothers for up to two years -
虎崽最多要与妈妈待在一起2年
much longer than kittens of pet cats do.
这比家猫要长得多了
They've got a huge amount to learn,
他们要学的东西很多
so they've got to watch and observe their mother to hunt,
所以他们得观察妈妈的捕猎
and they've got to learn to hunt themselves.
然后学会自己去捕猎
They need a lot more practice, because the prey are so much bigger.
他们需要多一点练习 因为他们的猎物要更大型
Yeah, yeah - well, the important thing,
是的 是的 重要的是
even though the tiger's a predator,
虽然老虎是作为捕猎者
the most important thing for it to do is
但对他来说最重要的还是
not to get injured itself,
要避免自己受伤
so it needs to learn to hunt effectively, quickly and efficiently
所以他需要学会捕猎得更高效 更迅速
and to hunt the right animals, as well.
还要学会找准适当的猎物
Training is crucial for any cats that have to hunt to survive.
练习对于所有靠捕猎为生的猫咪来说都至关重要
Back at the farm, we've managed to capture this on film.
回到农场 我们想到了拍摄这个的方法
These are Black And Ginger's kittens.
他们是黑黄猫的幼崽
They're now 11 weeks old,
他们现在有11周大了
and she's teaching them to fend for themselves.
她正在教他们自力更生
She sets out on a hunting trip with a ginger kitten.
她带着一只姜黄色的猫开始狩猎之行
But the kitten loses interest,
但小猫没什么兴趣
so Black And Ginger tries to persuade with a meow.
所以黑黄猫喵了一声想说服小猫
The other kittens prove too much of a distraction,
其它幼崽分散了这只小猫的注意力
so Black And Ginger goes it alone.
所以黑黄猫独自上路了
Half an hour later, she's back with her prize.
半小时后 她带回了她的猎物
But she doesn't eat it herself.
但她没有自己吃掉
She calls for the kittens...
她叫来了幼崽们
..and eventually one takes the bait.
最终有只幼崽上钩了
Toying with the vole is the first stage in learning to kill.
与田鼠玩耍是学会猎杀的第一阶段
Eventually, Black And Ginger will bring back live prey.
最终黑黄猫还会带回活的猎物
This is how a kitten learns the technique
小猫咪们就是这样学会
to capture and kill a mouse, rat or bird.
捕捉猎杀老鼠和小鸟的
It's this early training
正是这种早期训练
which probably gave Saphie the skills she needs to catch a rat.
可能才使得莎菲拥有抓鼠的技能
By the end of the study,
在研究快结束时
she and Sandwich are the joint top hunters of our urban cats.
她和三明子是我们的城里猫的捕猎双冠王
Our cats have the same hunting instincts as their big-cat cousins,
猫咪们和他们的大猫表亲有着同样的捕猎本能
and they also demonstrate a need to patrol
而且他们也需要去巡逻
and protect their own territory.
去保护自己的领地
But while big cats are still clearly wild animals,
但大猫还仍是纯粹的野性动物
our cats have found a way to become pets.
我们的猫咪们却有办法成为了宠物
So, how did they adapt and develop the ability
所以他们是如何适应并进化得能够
to live alongside us?
跟我们一起生活的呢
Unlike wild cats, our pet cats don't seem to be afraid of us.
跟野生的猫不同 宠物猫似乎不害怕人类
Some of them actively seek out our company.
他们有些还会主动寻求人类陪伴
Ted!
泰德
Like Ted and Dora.
泰德和哆啦就是这样
Dora, she is the explorer.
哆啦是位探索者
So she's the one that's the most bold, she's the most adventurous.
她是最胆大 最有冒险精神的那类
And she's quite smart, actually.
并且她其实也挺聪明的
She does a particular kind of meow -
她的喵声也很特别 像这样
"Meow! Meow! Meow!"
喵 喵 喵
And she'll just go on and on... Mm. ..until you feed her.
她会一直叫啊叫 直到让你来喂她
Ted the male cat is a very laid-back individual.
公猫泰德就非常慵懒了
He won't put out effort unless he has to.
除非有必要 否则他什么也不做
So he would major in being the Zen master of relaxation,
他像是享受放松的禅宗大♥师♥
stretched out.
伸直身子躺着
You can put Teddy like this
你可以把泰德摆成这样