地平线系列：猫咪观察（2）（2014）

This can be picked up by other tigers without meeting face to face.
这样别的老虎不用见面也能知晓
So they have very similar scent glands to domestic cats,
他们有着和家猫非常相似的气味腺体
in their cheeks, their head, their anal glands, feet as well,
他们脸颊 头部 肛腺 四肢上都有
so they can lay scent.
所以他们能施放气味
They deposit that in different ways.
不过他们的施放方式不一样
Males will sometimes urinate,
雄虎有时会通过排尿
deposit some scent on the floor
将一些气味施放在地上
and then scrape it with their back legs to leave a physical
然后用后腿刮蹭留下物理的
and also olfactory marker to other tigers.
同时也是气味的标记来给其它老虎
If you're in the jungle,
如果你在丛林里
you can smell tiger urine and it is very strong -
你就能闻到虎尿味 那味是很浓的
you know where a tiger's been.
你就知道那里曾有只老虎
I've had the pleasure of smelling a lot of tiger scent on trees,
我曾有幸闻过许多老虎留在树上的气味
and I love the smell, because it's strong
我喜欢那种气味 因为它很浓
but it's quite sweet, it's very rich.
但又很甜 很浓烈
It's a very musky smell.
那是很像麝香的味道
It's a very musky smell. I think it's lovely.
很有麝香味 我觉得那很好闻
Lynx scent, on the other hand, is bitter and awful.
话说山猫的气味可就苦涩和难闻多了
Tiger scent is very good!
老虎的气味很好的
For tigers, scent marks individual territories
老虎用气味来标记独♥立♥的领地
and prevents them meeting and having to fight off other tigers.
以防止与其它老虎见面和打斗
But not all big cats want to avoid each other.
但并非所有大猫都想避开彼此
So, if you think about lions in the African savanna,
你想想非洲大草原的狮子们
they have larger prey items that they feed upon,
他们吃的是更大的猎物
much larger prey items,
因为猎物更大了
so they need to co-operate to be able to kill and bring down their prey.
所以他们需要协同合作才能干掉他们的猎物
They also have a lot more in the way of competition,
他们也有着更多的竞争挑战
so lions, as a pride, can defend their kill against hyenas, leopards,
狮子们合作才能防止猎物被猎狗 豹子偷吃
whereas tigers live in a different environment,
而老虎住在不同的环境里
they don't have that same competition.
他们没有那样的竞争压力
Tigers live solitary lives in the forest...
老虎在森林里过着独居生活
..while lions co-operate in prides on the savanna.
而狮子在大草原上协同合作
Big cat territorial behaviours
大猫的领地行为
have evolved to suit the environment they live in.
已进化得适应其居住环境了
But where do our domestic cats fit into this picture?
但我们的家猫在这张进化图谱上又是怎样的呢?
Back in Cat HQ, the team has been trawling through hours of footage.
回到喵基地 团队已经扫荡了数小时的影像
In the city, they've spotted cats spraying in gardens.
在城里 他们发现了猫咪们在花♥园♥里四处留味
They're using scent to mark their territory, just like tigers do.
他们跟老虎一样用着气味来标记自己的领地
But what will they do if there's a dispute,
但当有纠纷时 他们会怎样
if territory they've marked overlaps?
如果他们标记的领地重叠了呢?
You can see the terraced houses. Can we zoom in a bit, please, Harvey?
你可以看到那些排屋 能放大一点吗 麻烦你了 哈维
Alan's picked out the GPS tracks of two cats
艾伦选了两只猫的GPS轨迹
with territories that meet right in the middle of the street.
他们的领地在街道正中间相触了
We've got Smudge and...is it Ozzy?
他们是小脏猫和奥兹
Walking straight along the road.
沿着街道直走
The two cats are clearly
这两只猫明显
dividing that street up between them in some way.
以某种方式划分了那条街
They're perfectly capable of ranging right the way up and down the street,
他们完全有能力直接走完整条街
they're choosing not to do so,
但他们并未这样做
so there's clearly some sort of interaction
所以明显有着某种相互作用
that's preventing them from using the whole street.
使得他们没法使用整条街道
Each cat, erm, Smudge and Ozzy,
小脏猫和奥兹
will probably remember having had stand-offs
可能都记得在过去
somewhere around the middle of the street in the past,
在街道中间某处有过僵持
and simply not bother going there because it's too risky.
所以还是不越过去的好 否则就太冒险了
To get the whole story, they're going to fit them with cat-cams.
为了一窥究竟 他们给两只猫装上了猫用摄像机
Ozzy's street patrols have certainly got him noticed.
奥兹的街头巡逻使得他特别引人注意
Ozzy from Hanover Street, from the other end.
奥兹来自汉诺威街的一头
He's a cat that stays out on the road quite a lot.
他经常在外面路上待很长时间
I think we've seen Ozzy before. Yeah, in the garden.
我觉得我们以前见过奥兹 对 就在花♥园♥里
Comes in for a little play and a cuddle,
他跑来玩了会儿并抱了一下
sits on the wall, relaxes, enjoys the sunshine.
然后坐在墙上 放松着 享受阳光
I definitely recognise Ozzy - beautiful-looking cat.
我当然认得出奥兹 那是很好看的猫
You know, quite big and proud and "don't mess with me" type thing.
也有点自大骄傲 一脸 "别来烦我" 的样子
I think I recognise Ozzy.
我想我认得奥兹
I think he's the one that Indy likes to attempt to pick on,
我想他是因迪喜欢去挑事的对象之一
but Indy never wins.
但因迪从未赢过他
I think he sits on cars just opposite our flat.
我觉得他经常坐在我家对面的汽车顶上
Ozzy's owner wasn't prepared for her cat's wild side.
奥兹的主人还未接受奥兹的狂野一面
I had this, like, idyllic vision of having a cat.
我曾觉得有只猫就会像过田园生活一样
I thought it would be lovely, we'd have a little indoor cat
我觉得那会是很可爱的 我们会在室内有只小猫咪
that would like to sit on my lap.
它喜欢坐在我的膝盖上之类的
Ozzy is called Ozzy because of Ozzy Osbourne.
奥兹这名来自奥兹·奥斯本
He was never normal.
他从不平凡
I realised that once I got him home.
我带他回家后 我就意识到这点了
Ozzy will try and attack you at the top of the stairs in the dark -
奥兹会于黑暗中在楼梯顶部试着攻击你
he will run after you, growling.
他会追着你 咆哮着
I put his name on his cat collar
我在他的项圈上写了他的名字
and then I would get phone calls saying, "Hi, Ozzy's here.
然后我就接到电♥话♥说 "嗨 奥兹在我这儿"
"I'm Bert from the fish and bait shop.
"我是鱼和鱼饵店的伯特"
"I just thought you should know that Ozzy's been here
"我觉得该让你知道奥兹来过这儿"
"and his ear seems a little bit sensitive today,
"他的耳朵今天似乎有些敏感"
"so maybe you should take him to the vets."
"所以你可能得带他去看兽医了"
I'm like "Oh, right, OK, that's where he is."
我回道 "哦 好吧 他跑到那儿了"
Then I had students phone up from about four or five houses down
然后我还接到过下面四五座房♥子外的学生的电♥话♥
saying, "Hey, I just thought you should know, Ozzy's here,
说道 "嘿 我觉得你该知道奥兹在这儿"
"he's been eating crisps all day with us."
"他和我们一起吃了整天的薯片"
I'm like, "OK."
我回道 "好的"
Then another neighbour from across the street came round
之后还有街对面的一位邻居来闲逛
and saw Ozzy in our house,
看到奥兹在我们房♥里
and went, "Oh, do you know Ozzy as well, does he come in here?"
就问道 "哦 你也认识奥兹啊 他也常来这儿吗"
I'm like, "Yeah, he's our cat."
我回道 "是啊 他是我们的猫"
Ozzy's not just wandering around -
奥兹并非只是到处瞎逛
he's trying to claim the street as his own.
他是要宣示对街道的所有权
Ozzy believes that this is his territory
奥兹认为这是他的领地
and he's trying to defend it,
他要努力捍卫自己的领地
and when new cats come, or existing kittens grow into young male cats,
当有新猫到来 或是现有的小猫长大为年轻公猫了
then Ozzy feels like he has to defend his territory,
奥兹就觉得自己必须要捍卫领地了
whether that's marking his territory, as I have seen,
我看过他在标记自己的领地
and I'm not going to mention where I've seen that happen,
我不想说我是在哪儿看到的了
because I don't think my neighbours will like me,
因为邻居听了可能就会不高兴了
or, like, fighting the other cats, as well.
他还和别的猫打过架
Why he is like he is? No.
为什么他会这样子? 不
No, no, no. I have no idea at all.
不 不 不 我完全不知道
He was like that from the moment we got him.
跟我们在一起时 他好像就这样了
So it's definitely nature, not nurture.
所以这绝对是天生的 不是养成的
It's nothing I've done.
我可没做什么
I'm quite confident on that. It's not me.
我能打包票说 不是我的缘故
It's definitely him.
绝对是他自己的因素
It's twenty past ten,
晚上10点10分了
and Ozzy is out on the prowl.
奥兹正外出巡逻中
He's a street-smart city cat...
他是伶俐的街头城里猫
..who's learned to dodge cars in his urban territory.
他学会了在城市领地内躲避汽车
Next day, he's out at dusk,
第二天 他于黄昏时外出
still patrolling his end of the street...
依然巡逻至自己的街道尽头
when Smudge suddenly appears on a wall.
这时小脏猫突然出现在墙上
It's Smudge who backs down and edges past.
小脏猫下来回走 擦身而过
Our scientists suspect there's bad blood between these two.
我们的科学家推测这两只猫有过冤仇
So vet Richard Harvey has invited Ozzy's owners into Cat HQ.
所以兽医 理查德·哈维 请了奥兹的主人来到喵基地
Is Smudge a tabby cat?
小脏猫是只虎斑猫吗?
Yes, he is, yeah. I think I know Smudge.
是的 没错 我想我认识小脏猫
Him and Ozzy don't tend to come in contact. Yeah.
他和奥兹不怎么接触 是的
I think they've very much got their halves of the street.
我觉得他们已经平分了那条街道
I think they worked that out a few months ago -
我觉得他们是几个月前达成和解的
who was going to be where, and there was... Lots of fights, were there?
谁占有哪一边这样 期间打过不少架吧
Not so much fights, as... Lots of noise. ..lots of noise.
也没那么多架 有许多争吵 是有许多争吵
OK. So they've got their own halves. Cool. Ozzy's got his own turf.
嗯 所以他们各自得到了自己的一半 奥兹有了自己的领地
He has, he's got his own half. Good street cat.
他得到了自己的一半 真是独霸半街
They're the only two that go on the street, really.
这条街真就只属于他们两个
The others are very much confined to their own back gardens,
其它的猫一般都只有自己的后花♥园♥